Long-term outcomes of Türkiye's first population-based mammography screening program: a decade of breast cancer detection and survival analysis in Bahçeşehir.

Background: The Bahçeşehir population-based mammography screening program (BMSP) is an example of Türkiye's first population-based screening program. This study aims to reveal the successful implementation of population-based secreening program in one of the low- and middle-income countries, Türkiye and long-term results of patients diagnosed with breast cancer during BMSP.

Methods: This study was conducted between 2009 and 2019, in the Bahçeşehir county of Istanbul.

Antimicrobial resistance and epidemiological patterns of Streptococcus pyogenes in Türkiye.

Background: Drug-resistant Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci remain significant infectious agents globally. This study investigated the major S. pyogenes strains responsible for infections in Türkiye and their susceptibility to beta-lactam and macrolide antibiotics.

De-Escalation of Nodal Surgery in Clinically Node-Positive Breast Cancer.

Importance: Increasing evidence supports the oncologic safety of de-escalating axillary surgery for patients with breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Objective: To evaluate the oncologic outcomes of de-escalating axillary surgery among patients with clinically node (cN)-positive breast cancer and patients whose disease became cN negative after NAC (ycN negative).

Design, Setting, And Participants: In the NEOSENTITURK MF-1803 prospective cohort registry trial, patients from 37 centers with cT1-4N1-3M0 disease treated with sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) or targeted axillary dissection (TAD) alone or with ypN-negative or ypN-positive disease after NAC were recruited between February 15, 2019, and January 1, 2023, and evaluated.

A Comprehensive Bioinformatics Approach to Analysis of Variants: Variant Calling, Annotation, and Prioritization.

Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS), also known as high-throughput sequencing technologies, has enabled rapid and efficient sequencing of large amounts of DNA and RNA. These technologies have revolutionized the field of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics and have been widely used in cancer research, leading to advances in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Improvements in the NGS technologies enabled millions of fragments to be sequenced simultaneously in a time- and cost-effective manner and resulted in large amount of genomic data which require efficient analysis methods.

Organoids, tissue slices and organotypic cultures: Advancing our understanding of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through in vitro and ex vivo models.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the worst prognoses of all common solid cancers. For the large majority of PDAC patients, only systemic therapies with very limited efficacy are indicated. In addition, immunotherapies have not brought the advances seen in other cancer types.

Story of a Levantine family in late Ottoman Constantinople: Dr Julius van Millingen and Dr Edwin van Millingen.

This paper examines Drs Julius and Edwin van Millingen, father and son physicians from a Constantinople-based Levantine family. They thrived in late 19th-century Ottoman Constantinople, a period of modernization aimed at survival amid decline. The profiles of Millingen family members set an exemplary case of the Levantine families who preferred to settle and pursue their careers in the Ottoman capital, particularly for generations in the Pera (Beyoglu) bourgeoisie, associated with the prominent industrial and literate centers in Europe.

Milk ladder: Who? When? How? Where? with the lowest risk of reaction.

The milk ladder (ML) approach, which is the gradual reintroduction of the milk allergen from the least allergenic forms to the most allergenic forms into the diet of the patients, has been utilized mostly in non-IgE-mediated but in some countries also in IgE-mediated-CMPA due to its possible benefits which include nutrition, quality of life and tolerance induction. Despite increasing interest, so far, there is no guideline on ML; thus, the use of this approach shows discrepancies among healthcare professionals as many factors such as dietary habits, patient history, test results, workload, and facilities of the hospitals, the anxiety of the parents/patients may affect the decision on how, when, where and whom to use ML. Here, we reviewed current data on implementing the ML, suggested a 4-step ML including receipts and amounts, and shared our experience on optimal patient selection, appropriate time and steps for initiating ML, and time intervals between the steps targeting the lowest risk of reaction.

A retrospective, multicentric, nationwide analysis of the impact of splenectomy on survival of pancreatic cancer patients.

Objective: Splenectomy is regularly performed in total and distal pancreatectomy due to technical reasons, lymph node dissection and radicality of the operation. However, the spleen serves as an important organ for competent immune function, and its removal is associated with an increased incidence of cancer and a worse outcome in some cancer entities (Haematologica 99:392-398, 2014; Dis Colon Rectum 51:213-217, 2008; Dis Esophagus 21:334-339, 2008). The impact of splenectomy in pancreatic cancer is not fully resolved (J Am Coll Surg 188:516-521, 1999; J Surg Oncol 119:784-793, 2019).

Clinical and molecular genetic characteristics of patients with hereditary hypophosphatemia.

Background: Hereditary hypophosphatemia (HH), is a rare condition related to decreased renal tubular phosphate reabsorption. Although X-linked hypophosphatemia or PHEX gene variant is the most frequent cause of HH, recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques enable the identification of genetic etiologies as a whole.

Objective: To identify genetic causes of HH using various genetic testing methods and to compare clinical features between FGF23-dependent and FGF23-independent HH groups.

Explainable fNIRS-based pain decoding under pharmacological conditions via deep transfer learning approach.

Significance: Assessment of pain and its clinical diagnosis rely on subjective methods which become even more complicated under analgesic drug administrations.

Aim: We aim to propose a deep learning (DL)-based transfer learning (TL) methodology for objective classification of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-derived cortical oxygenated hemoglobin responses to painful and non-painful stimuli presented under different timings post-analgesic and placebo drug administration.

Approach: A publicly available fNIRS dataset obtained during painful/non-painful stimuli was used.

Evaluation of dendrite morphology in Wistar and genetic absence epileptic rats.

Objective: Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rat from Strasbourg (GAERS), a rodent model genetically predisposed to absence epilepsy, serves as an experimental tool to elucidate the neuronal mechanisms underlying human absence epilepsy. This study aimed to investigate the morphological features of dendrites and dendritic spines of pyramidal neurons in somatosensory cortex and hippocampus of Wistar and GAERS rats.

Material And Method: Adult male GAERS (n = 5) and control Wistar (n = 5) rats were sacrificed by transcardial perfusion and brains were removed.

3D printed PCL-nHAp composite implants for the treatment of segmental bone defects: in vivo application in a rabbit model.

The management and treatment of long bone defects are challenging clinical problems. In this study, in order to address the need for load bearing segmental defects, 3D printed cylindrical implants of poly(-caprolactone) (PCL) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) composites were prepared and applied as lateral segments to the femurs of New Zealand white rabbits. The results obtained after 6 weeks of implantation were compared with the autografts.

Identifying Hip Arthroscopy Trends in Turkey.

Background: Hip arthroscopy (HA) procedures have continued to increase worldwide. However, no data are currently available regarding the increasing HA case volume and trends in Turkey.

Purpose: To identify trends in postoperative care habits and incidence of HA in Turkey using data from the national Health Coding Reference Server (SKRS) database.

The effect of gonadotropin gap for non-growing follicles in poor ovarian response: Might this be a new strategy?

Objective: Cessation of gonadotropin stimulation might affect follicular growth in patients in POSEIDON groups 3 and 4, which are unresponsive to high-dose stimulation.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, data were extracted from the medical records of patients treated at the Acıbadem Maslak Hospital Assisted Reproductive Technologies Unit between November 2010 and December 2020. Eighty-five patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study.

Mitochondrial Alterations in Alzheimer's Disease: Insight from the 5xFAD Mouse Model.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a key factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, but the precise relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and proteinopathies in AD remains unclear. This study investigates the role of mitochondrial dynamics and function in the hippocampal tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 5xFAD transgenic mice, as a model of AD. The levels of mitochondrial fusion proteins OPA1 and MFN2 and fission proteins DRP1 and phospho-DRP1 (S616) at 3, 6, and 9 months of age were assessed.

ASO Author Reflections: Nodal Recurrence Is Rare in Patients with cN+/ycN0 Breast Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Regardless of the Extent of Axillary Surgery or Nodal Pathology in the NEOSENTITURK-Trials MF18-02/18-03 Provided Regional Nodal Irradiation Is Administered.

The combined analysis of the retrospective multicentre and prospective multicenter cohort registry trial NEOSENTITURK MF18-02/18-03 (NCT04250129) investigated the outcomes and factors associated with recurrence in patients with cT1-4N1-3M0 who underwent a succesful sentinel lymph node biopsy or targeted axillary dissection (n = 1470), with or without axillary lymph node dissection (n = 937) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The present large registry data suggest that axillary recurrences (AR) can be detected at exceedingly low rates (< 0.5%) within 3 years after surgery.

Endoscopic papillectomy versus surgical ampullectomy for adenomas and early cancers of the papilla: a retrospective Pancreas2000/European Pancreatic Club analysis.

Objective: Ampullary neoplastic lesions can be resected by endoscopic papillectomy (EP) or transduodenal surgical ampullectomy (TSA) while pancreaticoduodenectomy is reserved for more advanced lesions. We present the largest retrospective comparative study analysing EP and TSA.

Design: Of all patients in the database, lesions with prior interventions, benign histology advanced malignancy (T2 and more), patients with hereditary syndromes and those undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy were excluded.

Assessment of canonical diurnal variations in plasma glucose using quantile regression modelling and Chronomaps.

Objectives: Diurnal variation of plasma glucose levels may contribute to diagnostic uncertainty. The permissible time interval, (), was proposed as a time-dependent characteristic to specify the time within which glucose levels from two consecutive samples are not biased by the time of blood collection. A major obstacle is the lack of population-specific data that reflect the diurnal course of a measurand.

Breast Cancer Recurrence in Initially Clinically Node-Positive Patients Undergoing Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in the NEOSENTITURK-Trials MF18-02/18-03.

Background: This study aims to identify factors predicting recurrence and unfavorable prognosis in cN+ patients who have undergone sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Methods: The retrospective multi-centre "MF18-02" and the prospective multi-centre cohort registry trial "MF18-03" (NCT04250129) included patients with cT1-4N1-3M0 with SLNB+/- axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) post-NAC.

Results: A total of 2407 cN+ patients, who later achieved cN0 status after NAC and subsequently underwent SLNB, were studied.