Left Atrial Septal Pouch (LASP) and Cryptogenic Stroke: A Narrative Review.

Over 20% of ischemic strokes are cardioembolic strokes, necessitating research into thrombus formation locations, particularly the left atrial appendage (LAA). The left atrial septal pouch (LASP), which is linked to thrombus development and stasis, has drawn attention recently as a possible thromboembolic location, especially in atrial fibrillation (AF). The primary aim of this review is to explore LASP's role in cryptogenic strokes and to discuss the methods used to assess LAA anatomy.

Supernumerary testis or polyorchidism: A rare urogenital anomaly (case report and literature review).

Introduction And Importance: Polyorchidism, or supernumerary testis, is a rare urogenital congenital disorder. Because of its rarity, there is no approved standard treatment protocol for preserving or removing the extra testicle, yet orchiopexy is frequently performed as a preferred treatment in most medical facilities.

Case Presentation: We present a 23-year-old single male with a bilaterally empty scrotum.

Applications of Nanotechnology in the Field of Cardiology.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of death globally, demanding innovative therapeutic strategies. Nanoformulations, including nanoparticles, address challenges in drug delivery, stem cell therapy, imaging, and gene delivery. Nanoparticles enhance drug solubility, bioavailability, and targeted delivery, with gas microbubbles, liposomal preparations, and paramagnetic nanoparticles showing potential in treating atherosclerosis and reducing systemic side effects.

Acute Bowel Obstruction Due to Transmural Migration of Gossypiboma: A Case Report.

gossypiboma is used to describe a retained surgical swab in the body after an operation. It remains an unwanted complication of surgical practice that increase morbidity and mortality of the patient and profound medico legal problems. Intra-abdominal gossypiboma can migrate in to the ileum, stomach, colon or bladder without any apparent opening in the wall of these luminal organs.

A case report of coexisting multinodular goiter with carotid body tumor.

Introduction: Carotid body tumor (CBT), a neuroendocrine neoplasm, and benign multinodular goiter (BMNG) are distinct pathologies affecting the neck region. Although rare, they can occur concurrently. This case contributes to the limited evidence regarding the association between these distinct pathologies and their operative management.

Drug Safety Evaluation of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Diabetic Comorbid Patients by Review of Systemic Extraglycemic Effects.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety of this drug in diabetic patients with comorbidities of all systems.

Method: In this review, the beneficial effects of this drug and its mechanism on the disorders of every system of humans in relation to diabetes have been studied, and finally, its adverse effects have also been discussed. The search for relevant information is carried out in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases by using the following terms: diabetes mellitus type 2, SGLT, SGLT2 inhibitors, (SGLT2 inhibitors) AND (Pleiotropic effects).

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis in a teenage boy after an intense period of exercise: A rare case report.

Key Clinical Messages: Diagnosis of rare even can be missed due to less familiarity with the disorder.In patients with muscle weakness, infectious causes are prioritized.Electrolyte profile not only identifies the problem, but also prevents unnecessary workup.

Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of 30 Fatal Cases of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Kabul, Afghanistan: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Objective: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic disease associated with a high fatality rate. CCHF is endemic in Afghanistan, and its morbidity and mortality have increased recently but there is limited data about the characteristics of fatal cases. We aimed to report the clinical and epidemiological features of fatal CCHF cases who were admitted to Kabul Referral Infectious Diseases (Antani) Hospital.

Childhood mesenteric cyst: A rare intra-abdominal entity with literature review.

Introduction And Importance: Mesenteric cysts are uncommon intra-abdominal benign masses that appear in childhood with varying degrees of clinical manifestations, ranging from being asymptomatic to presenting as an acute abdomen. The diagnosis is made incidentally during the work-up for other abdominal pathologies such as acute appendicitis, bowel obstruction, etc. The treatment is mostly surgical and varies depending on the clinical type of the lesion.

A challenging high-risk surgery for necrotizing pneumonia in a right bilobed lung.

Background: Necrotizing pneumonia is rare in children and is one of the most serious complications of a lung infection caused by antibiotic failure. We present a 12-year-old leukopenic child with a long-lasting lung infection, presenting as having a lung hydatid cyst, but diagnosing with necrotizing pneumonia in the right bilobed lung. Failure to medical treatment and ongoing leukopenia justified surgical intervention with positive results.

Regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 gene and its association with malignancy.

Background: With the progression of next-generation sequencing technologies, researchers have identified numerous variants of the regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 (RTEL1) gene that are associated with a broad spectrum of phenotypic manifestations, including malignancies. At the molecular level, RTEL1 is involved in the regulation of the repair, replication, and transcription of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the maintenance of telomere length. RTEL1 can act both as a promotor and inhibitor of tumorigenesis.

Rare additional chromosomal abnormalities in acute promyelocytic leukaemia resulting in rapidly fatal disease: report of a case.

Background: Acute promyelocytic leukaemia results from reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 15 and 17. This translocation leads to the formation of chimeric gene, which is both the diagnostic marker as well as the therapeutic target of the disease. Additional chromosomal abnormalities are randomly encountered either at diagnosis or during therapy.

A Case of Symptomatic Myocardial Bridge Treated with Calcium Channel Blocker.

Myocardial bridge (MB) is a congenital coronary anomaly in which a portion of the coronary artery courses intramyocardium instead of the normal trajectory on the epicardial surface. We report a case study with a 44-year-old man from Faryab Province in Afghanistan who presented chest pain and dizziness while suffering a common cold. After full investigation, the patient underwent coronary angiography which showed a myocardial bridge at the middle portion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) with a significant stenosis causing ischemia.

Misdiagnosis of Budd Chiari syndrome, a case report from Afghanistan.

Introduction: Budd-Chiari syndrome is a rare disease characterized by hepatic venous flow obstruction. The obstruction may be thrombotic or non-thrombotic anywhere along the venous course from the hepatic venules to the inferior vena cava (IVC) junction to the right atrium. In clinical practice, cases can be misdiagnosed, particularly in regions where resources are limited, unless the clinician pays special attention to such diagnosis.

Bilateral open lip schizencephaly.

Schizencephaly is a central nervous system (CNS) developmental disorder characterized by abnormal cleft extending from the lateral ventricles to the cerebral cortex. Clinically, it occurs as -mantle, closed lip and open lip types which may be unilateral or bilateral. The exact cause of schizencephaly is not known but genetic disorders, exposure to teratogens, viral infections and maternal age are implicated.

The Third Wave of the COVID-19 Arrived in Afghanistan: A Severe Case with Skin Manifestation.

The COVID-19 is an ongoing global pandemic that has put the world in a devastating situation. The virus is able to attack multiple body systems and cause a variety of clinical problems ranging from asymptomatic to critical cases. Although young individuals are more likely to suffer milder forms of the disease, critical cases also might happen.

Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Risk Factors in Muslim Housewives of Quetta, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Vitamin D (Vit-D) plays a central role in calcium homeostasis and maintains skeletal integrity. Housewives in Quetta, Pakistan are at increased risk of vitamin D deficiency (VDD). They spend a greater part of their day in cleaning, washing, cooking, managing daily groceries, and other household chores.

Uropathogens Antimicrobial Sensitivity and Resistance Pattern From Outpatients in Balochistan, Pakistan.

Objective To determine the pattern of microbes responsible for urinary tract infections and their susceptibility to different antibiotics. Method This is a cross-sectional study conducted at Quetta, Pakistan. The urine samples of 400 patients were collected and sent for culture and sensitivity analysis.

Hereditary Chorea Associated With and Aggravated by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Chorea is caused by a number of conditions, including genetic, metabolic derangements, infections, drugs, toxins, tumors, and disorders of the immune and inflammatory system of the body. Huntington's disease (HD) is the most common genetic cause of chorea. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune condition.

Primary left ovarian hydatid cyst presenting as an abdominal mass - Case report.

Introduction: Hydatid disease, which is most often caused by Echinococcus granulosus, can occur in virtually all parts of the body. The disease most frequently occurs in the liver followed by the lungs, muscles, and bones respectively. Primary ovarian hydatid cyst is a rare case.

Primary hydatid disease of chest wall mimicking chest wall mass-case report.

Introduction: Hydatid cyst is a parasitic disease caused by echinococcus granoulosis. It is endemic in Mediterranean areas, south America, north Africa and Australia. The disease is most common in the liver and then in lung, the chest wall involvement by hydatid disease is a very rare condition.

Ascaris Lumbricoides Infestation as an Unexpected Cause of Acute Pancreatitis.

Ascariasis is the most common helminthic infection. It is most common in children of tropical and developing countries where the transmission is by contamination of soil by human feces or use of untreated feces as fertilizer. Transmission in most endemic areas is via person to person contact.

Vaccination status of children aged 1-4 years in Afghanistan and associated factors, 2015.

Background: Childhood mortality in Afghanistan fell by half between 1990 and 2015, due in part to the government's commitment to improving pediatric immunization services. Although progress has been made, immunization coverage has nonetheless remained low with only 65% of children receiving the third dose of Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus (DPT3) based on WHO estimates. This study aims to calculate the proportion of Afghan children aged 1-4 years who were fully vaccinated, under-vaccinated, or non-vaccinated with government-recommended Expanded Program on Immunization vaccines and identify predictors related to the family's sociodemographic status and maternal autonomy.