Different patterns of acid and alkaline phosphatases activities during embryogenesis and in emerged adults of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

The acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities were studied in the developing eggs and in aging ovary and testis of pot-emerged adult of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera at different time intervals from 0-72 hours. Acid phosphatase activity was higher than alkaline phosphatase and acts as cyclic during embryonic development. Alkaline phosphatase activity was slightly increased in the freshly laid eggs but decreased more sharply than acid phosphatase during embryonic development.

Prevalence, risk factors and outcome of childhood abuse reported by female university students in jeddah.

Child abuse constitutes all forms of physical and /or emotional ill treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm to the child's health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence, types, main predictors and outcome of child abuse, retrospectively reported by female university students in Jeddah. A cross sectional study was conducted and the Standardized Arabic Version of Child Abuse Screening Tool for Young Adult (18-24 years old) was used.

Evaluation of aural manifestations in temporo-mandibular joint dysfunction.

Thirty patients with temporo-mandibular joint dysfunction were selected to investigate the changes in otoacoustic emissions before and after conservative treatment of their temporo-mandibular joints. Pure tone audiometry, transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE), distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) as well as a tinnitus questionnaire were administered to all patients before and after therapy. Therapy was conservative in the form of counselling, physiotherapy, anti-inflammatory agents, muscle relaxants, and occlusal splints.