[Pathomorphological alterations in the kidneys in acute and chronic alcohol intoxication].

The literature review presents data on pathomorphological changes in the kidneys in acute and chronic alcohol intoxication. A lack of consensus among researchers on the direct toxic damage to renal tissue by ethanol is demonstrated. Analysis of the literature showed that the issue of attributing microscopic changes detected in the kidneys to characteristic or specific signs remains controversial.

The Importance of BHB Testing on the Post-Mortem Diagnosis of Ketoacidosis.

Although beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) analysis has proved its importance in forensic pathology, its effects on cause-of-death diagnostics are unaddressed. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating the effects of BHB analysis on the number of deaths by DKA (diabetes ketoacidosis), AKA (alcoholic ketoacidosis), HHS (hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state), hypothermia, diabetes, alcoholism, and acidosis NOS (not otherwise specified). All 2900 deaths from 2013 through 2019 in which BHB was analysed at the National Board of Forensic Medicine, and 1069 DKA, AKA, HHS, hypothermia, diabetes, alcoholism, and acidosis cases without BHB analysis were included.

Unexplained Metabolic Acidosis: Alcoholic Ketoacidosis or Propylene Glycol Toxicity.

Introduction: Severe metabolic acidosis with elevated anion and osmol gap is suggestive of toxic alcohol ingestion. The absence of detectable methanol or ethylene glycol in the serum could mean that metabolism is complete or that other hypotheses have to be considered. Ingestion of less common alcohol or alcoholic ketoacidosis should be investigated as illustrated by the present observation.

Significant ketoacidosis at autopsy: a single-centre systematic review.

Aim: To examine the value of vitreous beta-hydroxybutyrate and serum acetone in the investigation of sudden unexpected death.

Methods: Coroners' autopsy reports from a provincial UK city, with a population of approximately 900 000, over a 24-month period with significant ketoacidosis were studied. Demographic features, medical history, anatomical and histological findings, and biochemical parameters, including renal function, vitreous glucose, serum and vitreous alcohol, were analysed.

Role of ketone bodies in diabetes-induced dementia: sirtuins, insulin resistance, synaptic plasticity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neurotransmitter.

Patients with type 2 diabetes can have several neuropathologies, such as memory deficits. Recent studies have focused on the association between metabolic imbalance and neuropathological problems, and the associated molecular pathology. Diabetes triggers neuroinflammation, impaired synaptic plasticity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and insulin resistance in the brain.

Clinicopathologic Appearance of Advanced Ketoacidosis With Basal Vacuolation in Renal Tubules.

Context.—: Basal vacuolization (BV) in renal tubules is a histopathologic hallmark of advanced ketoacidosis that enables us to retrospectively diagnose these cases.

Objective.

Nutritional Ketosis as a Potential Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic, relapsing brain disorder, characterized by compulsive alcohol seeking and disrupted brain function. In individuals with AUD, abstinence from alcohol often precipitates withdrawal symptoms than can be life threatening. Here, we review evidence for nutritional ketosis as a potential means to reduce withdrawal and alcohol craving.

Differential Diagnosis of Ketoacidosis in Hyperglycemic Alcoholic Diabetic Patient: Role of Insulin.

It is important to differentiate between diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA) in an alcoholic diabetic patient since it has significant management implications. Ketoacidosis in an alcoholic diabetic patient is a diagnostic challenge as both these clinical entities have metabolic acidosis with high anion gap. Most patients with DKA have hyperglycemia.

Thiamine Supplementation in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder Presenting With Acute Critical Illness : A Nationwide Retrospective Observational Study.

Background: Thiamine supplementation is recommended for patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). The authors hypothesize that critically ill patients with AUD are commonly not given thiamine supplementation.

Objective: To describe thiamine supplementation incidence in patients with AUD and various critical illnesses (alcohol withdrawal, septic shock, traumatic brain injury [TBI], and diabetic ketoacidosis [DKA]) in the United States.

Alcoholic Ketoacidosis: Etiologies, Evaluation, and Management.

Background: Alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA) is defined by metabolic acidosis and ketosis in a patient with alcohol use. This is a common presentation in the emergency department (ED) and requires targeted therapies.

Objective: This narrative review evaluates the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of AKA for emergency clinicians.

Association between Fasting Ketonuria and Advanced Liver Fibrosis in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients without Prediabetes and Diabetes Mellitus.

Ketone body production, an alternative fuel upon low glucose availability, reduces hepatic fat accumulation. However, its clinical implications have not been established in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the association between spontaneous fasting ketonuria and liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD without prediabetes and diabetes mellitus (DM).

Non-diabetic ketoacidosis: A case of alcoholic ketoacidosis accompanied by hyperglycemia.

Alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA) lacks specific clinical presentation. The results of blood testing commonly show hemoconcentration, elevated β-hydroxybutyrate levels, and acidosis in patients with AKA. Herein, we report a case of AKA accompanied by hyperglycemia and review the related literature.

Sex-based differences in bacterial meningitis in adults: Epidemiology, clinical features, and therapeutic outcomes.

Background: To investigate the sex-based differences in clinical features, causative pathogens, and outcomes of hospital-based culture-proven adult bacterial meningitis.

Objective: This retrospective study enrolled 621 patients at a tertiary medical center. To compare changes over time, the presentation of disease among the enrolled patients was divided into two equal time periods: the first study period (1986-2002) and the second study period (2003-2019).

Adult Shigatoxin-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome masked by alcohol use and inflammatory bowel disease.

Diagnosing uncommon diseases in individuals with underlying medical conditions can be challenging. Cognitive bias can lead to delayed or missed disease management. We present a case of Shiga-toxin mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome (ST-HUS) in a 46-year-old man with ulcerative colitis and alcohol use disorder who presented with acute alcohol intoxication, non-bloody diarrhoea and coffee ground emesis.

Starvation Ketosis and the Kidney.

Background: The remarkable ability of the body to adapt to long-term starvation has been critical for survival of primitive man. An appreciation of these processes can provide the clinician better insight into many clinical conditions characterized by ketoacidosis.

Summary: The body adapts to long-term fasting by conserving nitrogen, as the brain increasingly utilizes keto acids, sparing the need for glucose.

Brugada Pattern Manifesting During Hyperkalemia, Diabetic Ketoacidosis, and Acute Alcohol Intoxication.

BACKGROUND Brugada syndrome is a rare ion channelopathy that can lead to sudden cardiac death and lethal arrhythmias in patients without a structural cardiac defect, the most common of which being the gain-of-function mutation of the SCN5a sodium ion channel involving phase 0 of the cardiac action potential. In 2012, BrS electrocardiogram findings were redefined and classified as either congenital Brugada syndrome (BrS) or Brugada phenocopies (BrP). Several etiologies of BrP have been reported, such as metabolic derangements, electrolyte abnormalities, cardiovascular diseases, and pulmonary embolism.

Ketogenic Diet Decreases Alcohol Intake in Adult Male Mice.

The classic ketogenic diet is a diet high in fat, low in carbohydrates, and well-adjusted proteins. The reduction in glucose levels induces changes in the body's metabolism, since the main energy source happens to be ketone bodies. Recent studies have suggested that nutritional interventions may modulate drug addiction.

Characteristics of post-mortem beta-hydroxybutyrate-positivet cases - A retrospective study on age, sex and BMI in 1407 forensic autopsies.

Background: Post-mortem biochemistry, including the analysis of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), is increasingly employed in forensic medicine, especially in conditions such as diabetes and chronic alcoholism. However, not much is known about the associations between age, body mass index (BMI), and sex and BHB concentrations in ketoacidotic conditions.

Aim: To retrospectively study the association between age, BMI and sex in several conditions, such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA), and elevated post-mortem BHB concentrations.

Invasive Klebsiella pneumoniae Syndrome in Qatar: A Case Report.

is a Gram-negative bacteria that can infect most of the body's organs, from the lungs to the central nervous system. It is notorious for causing pneumonia in alcoholic, diabetic, and hospitalized patients. It is now emerging as a cause of abscesses involving multiple organs.

Fasting Ketonuria and the Risk of Incident Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease With and Without Liver Fibrosis in Nondiabetic Adults.

Introduction: Dietary carbohydrate restriction or ketogenic diets are known to be beneficial in preventing liver fat accumulation. However, the effect of ketonemia on the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in nondiabetic population is largely unknown. We investigated the association between fasting ketonuria and the risk of incident NAFLD in healthy adults.

Transient total blindness associated with alcoholic ketoacidosis.

Background: Methanol poisoning is often suspected in patients with high anion gap metabolic acidosis and visual deficits. Although alcoholic ketoacidosis can cause high anion gap metabolic acidosis, reports on vision loss are limited. We report the case of a patient with alcoholic ketoacidosis with transient total blindness.

Beyond weight loss in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the role of carbohydrate restriction.

Purpose Of Review: The low fat diet (LFD) is currently the first choice to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) alongside with physical activity. However, low carbohydrate diets (LCDs) and ketogenic diets have gained attention lately, thanks to their favourable impact in reducing intrahepatic triglyceride content. We therefore aimed at providing an update on recent evidence evaluating the hepatoprotective effects of such dietary interventions.

[The impact on metabolic and reproductive diseases of low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets].

With low carbohydrate diets glucose becomes unavailable as a source of energy for our body, leading to the production of ketones from fatty acids in the liver. The increase in plasma ketones is known as nutritional ketosis. The available evidence from basic and clinical studies indicates that both low carbohydrate and high fat low carbohydrate diets are effective for weight loss and are better than non-intervention.

Regarding "acute necrotizing esophagitis (black esophagus): An autopsy case with alcoholic ketoacidosis".

According to the submission guidlines, abstract is not required for this type of article.