12,075 results match your criteria: "Alcoholic Hepatitis"

Mildly Elevated Liver Transaminase Levels: Causes and Evaluation.

Am Fam Physician

December 2024

St. Luke's Family Medicine Residency-Sacred Heart Campus, Allentown, Penn.

Approximately 10% to 20% of the general population has elevated liver chemistry levels, including aspartate and alanine transaminases. Elevated transaminase levels may be associated with significant underlying liver disease and increased risk of liver-related and all-cause mortality. The most common causes of mildly elevated transaminase levels (two to five times the upper limit of normal) are metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and alcoholic liver disease.

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Background And Aims: Patients with a history of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) are susceptible to developing alcohol use disorder. Outcome after transplantation for alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) has not been studied in-depth.

Methods: We included adult patients who underwent a liver transplantation (LT) in Belgium between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2022 for ALD.

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Aim Of The Study: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a pathological condition associated with inflammation owing to fat deposition in the liver. Managing hypertriglyceridemia is essential for patients with NAFLD, including treatment with pemafibrate. However, whether pemafibrate affects fat deposition in the liver and whether hypertriglyceridemia is the primary treatment target remain unclear.

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Introduction: Hepatic resection (HR) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are curative treatments for three or fewer hepatocellular carcinomas in Japan. The laparoscopic approach in both has been used in recent years; however, its treatment outcome in combination with HR with RFA is unclear. We aimed to gain insights into this combined treatment.

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Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is common in patients with obesity and diabetes and can lead to serious complications. This study aimed to evaluate fundus photographs using artificial intelligence to explore the relationships between diabetic retinopathy (DR), MASLD, and related factors. In this cross-sectional study, we included 1,736 patients with a history of diabetes treatment or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of ≥6.

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Background/objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with prognosis and treatment outcomes that are significantly influenced by the stage at diagnosis. Early detection through regular surveillance is crucial for improving patient outcomes, especially in high-risk groups such as those with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis B. Geographic variations in HCC risk factors, including viral hepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), have led to the development of different international surveillance guidelines.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer and is associated with major risk factors such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), alcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver diseases. Despite the recent progress in systemic treatment regimens involving immunotherapies and targeted therapeutics, advanced HCC remains difficult to control. Moreover, with several treatment modalities currently available for HCC such as radiation therapy, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), checkpoint immunotherapies, and multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, it is unclear what combination yields the greatest treatment efficacy and durability.

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Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It encompasses conditions such as fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, chronic hepatitis with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Numerous recent studies have demonstrated the critical role of oxidative stress, abnormal lipid metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress, various forms of cell death (including apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis), intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, liver immune response, cell autophagy, and epigenetic abnormalities in the pathogenesis of ALD.

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Introduction And Objectives: The short-term mortality of severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH) is high, but there are no effective treatments to improve short-term mortality other than corticosteroids. This study investigated the effects of adding rifaximin to standard treatment in patients with SAH.

Material And Methods: In this randomized controlled open-label trial, patients with SAH (Maddrey's discriminant function≥32) were randomized to the rifaximin or control group.

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Background and objective Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) encompasses a spectrum of liver conditions caused by excessive alcohol consumption, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Both phenotypical and biochemical changes in gonadal hormones are observed across these stages. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, biochemical, and hormonal abnormalities in patients with varying degrees of ALD and to assess their correlation with disease severity.

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Background: Alcoholic hepatitis is a severe inflammatory liver disease. In recent years, the incidence of AH has been on the rise, leading to an increasingly severe disease burden. Currently, there is a lack of specific biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of AH in clinical practice.

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Background: Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is characterized by intense systemic and liver inflammation, posing significant risks of health complications and mortality. While inflammation is a crucial defense mechanism against injury and infection, its timely resolution is essential to prevent tissue damage and restore tissue homeostasis. The resolution of inflammation is primarily governed by specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), lipid metabolites derived from w-6 and w-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).

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Article Synopsis
  • Severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (SAH) is a serious condition with high mortality rates, and current treatments like corticosteroids have limited effectiveness, prompting the exploration of new therapies such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).
  • This study aimed to investigate the impact of FMT on 30- and 90-day mortality in SAH patients who did not respond to or were ineligible for corticosteroids, as well as to identify outcomes and factors influencing patient survival.
  • The research involved a prospective analysis of adult patients receiving FMT, comparing their outcomes with a control group who received standard care, and evaluating various prognostic factors related to SAH outcomes.
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Emerging role of exosomes during the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and alcoholic hepatitis.

Hum Cell

December 2024

Department of Pharmacy, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China.

Article Synopsis
  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous structures secreted by various cells, mainly categorized into exosomes and microvesicles, with exosomes being smaller (30-150 nm) and vital for cell communication through biomolecule transport.
  • Exosomes are linked to several biological functions and diseases, notably in liver conditions like viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and alcoholic hepatitis (AH), highlighting their significance in health and disease.
  • The review discusses the role of exosomes in liver disease pathology, emphasizing their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, which could lead to advancements in diagnosis and treatment options.
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Background and aim The study aimed to address the need for reliable and non-invasive biomarkers (NIBM) for detecting fibrosis among patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). Material and methods This was a diagnostic validation study executed at the Department of Gastroenterology, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. The study was carried out from July 2023 to June 2024, enrolling a total of 88 patients using non-probability consecutive sampling.

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[Recent Topics Concerning Alcoholic Liver Disease].

No Shinkei Geka

November 2024

Department of Liver Disease, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine.

Article Synopsis
  • Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) results from liver damage due to excessive alcohol consumption, and while overall drinking is decreasing in Japan, the number of heavy drinkers remains steady.
  • The total patients with ALD are decreasing, but cases of alcoholic cirrhosis are rising, accounting for 35% of cirrhosis cases according to a 2023 survey, surpassing hepatitis C-related cases.
  • Treatment primarily focuses on complete abstinence from alcohol, but it is crucial to address alcohol dependence through social and medical support, as well as nutritional management; ongoing clinical trials in Western countries aim to explore further treatment options.
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In recent years, rising living standards and an accelerated lifestyle have led to an increase in the incidence of chronic liver disease. Modern medicine has yet to fully develop effective methods for preventing and treating these conditions due to their complex pathogenesis. Autophagy, a cellular process that maintains homeostasis by removing abnormal proteins, has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for chronic liver diseases.

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Article Synopsis
  • * The article reviews the limitations of current therapies and explores various nanoparticle (NP) based approaches for treating HCC, highlighting types like liposomes and carbon nanotubes.
  • * It emphasizes the effectiveness of NP technologies in photothermal and photodynamic therapies, while also discussing recent patents and clinical studies that show promise for enhancing treatment outcomes for HCC.
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Proanthocyanidins alleviate acute alcohol liver injury by inhibiting pyroptosis via inhibiting the ROS-MLKL-CTSB-NLRP3 pathway.

Phytomedicine

November 2024

College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, PR China. Electronic address:

Background: Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) is a hepatic disorder resulting from prolonged or excessive alcohol intake. The predominant manifestation of ALD is fatty liver, which progresses to alcoholic hepatitis as the disease worsens. Pyroptosis is a novel type of programmed cell death that is intricately linked to the inflammatory cascade, presenting a promising avenue for therapeutic intervention in the management of ALD.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study compared the definitions of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in predicting diabetes among Brazilian adults.
  • Utilizing data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), researchers analyzed 7,073 participants aged 35-74, focusing on those with ultrasound-confirmed steatosis and cardiometabolic factors.
  • Over 9.4 years, both NAFLD and MASLD showed a significant increase in diabetes incidence (78% for NAFLD and 88% for MASLD), with similar results across different race/skin color groups.
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[Occult thyroid dysfunction in outpatients with liver cirrhosis].

Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc

September 2024

Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Pediatría, Laboratorio de Investigación en Gastro-Hepatología. Ciudad de México, México.

Background: Several alterations in thyroid function have been identified in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC).

Objective: To carry out a thyroid disease screening in adult patients with LC.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional study.

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Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe form of chronic liver disease associated with multi-system organ dysfunction and high short-term mortality. High-volume plasma exchange (PLEX) is one of the therapeutic measures that improves prognosis. We present the case of a 32-year-old man with alcohol-related liver disease who was admitted with acute decompensation, including coagulopathy, hepatic encephalopathy, and acute kidney injury precipitated by alcoholic hepatitis.

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Insights into the pathogenesis of gestational and hepatic diseases: the impact of ferroptosis.

Front Cell Dev Biol

November 2024

Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuxi Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.

Article Synopsis
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Article Synopsis
  • - This study investigates the effectiveness of procalcitonin (PCT) as an early diagnostic marker for bacterial infections in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, a condition with a high mortality rate. - Researchers enrolled 108 patients and measured PCT and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels among other tests, finding that those with bacterial infections had significantly elevated PCT and CRP levels. - Results indicate that PCT had a higher diagnostic accuracy for identifying sepsis compared to CRP, suggesting it may be a useful tool in promptly detecting bacterial infections in these patients.
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