Determinants of alcohol consumption among men and women aged 15-49 years in Cambodia: Evidence from the Cambodia demographic and health survey 2021-2022.

Introduction: Alcohol consumption is a global health issue linked to over 200 diseases and accounts for 5.3% of all deaths annually. We aimed to determine the sociodemographic factors associated with alcohol consumption among Cambodian women and men aged 15-49 years.

Reduction of Alcohol-Dependent Lung Pathological Features in Rats Treated with Fenofibrate.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a public health problem characterized by a marked increment in systemic inflammation. In the last few years, it has been described as the role of alcohol in neuroinflammation affecting some aspects of neuronal function. Interestingly, inflammation is reduced with fenofibrate treatment, a PPARα agonist used to treat dyslipidemia.

BC99 Enhances Intestinal Barrier Function by Modulating Butyrate Formation to Alleviate Acute Alcohol Intoxication in Rats.

Probiotics have great potential in improving acute alcohol intoxication. The aim of this study was to investigate the mitigating effect and mechanism of action of BC99 on acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) in SD rats. BC99 was divided into different doses administered by gavage to rats, and a rat model of acute alcohol intoxication was established by multiple gavages of excess alcohol.

PNPLA3 in Alcohol-Related Liver Disease.

The discovery of PNPLA3 as a genetic risk factor for liver disease has transformed our understanding of the pathogenesis of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). The recent reclassification of fatty liver disease as steatotic liver disease (SLD), introducing metabolic dysfunction and alcohol-related liver disease (MetALD), has highlighted how genetic and environmental factors synergistically drive liver damage. The PNPLA3 rs738409 variant stands as a paradigmatic example of gene-environment interaction, where its effect on liver disease is dramatically amplified by alcohol consumption, obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Cannabidiol prescribing in the United States: An analysis of real-world data.

Background: Off-label prescribing of Epidiolex® (pharmaceutical cannabidiol) comes with both potential benefits and risks for patients. The aims of this study were to: (1) identify the percentage of people prescribed Epidiolex® who do not have diagnostic indications for Epidiolex® (Lennox Gastaut Syndrome [LGS], Dravet Syndrome [DS], and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex [TSC]) and (2) examine potential co-prescribing of medications that may interact with Epidiolex®.

Method: Using TriNetX analytics, a web-based database of de-identified electronic health records spanning >110 million people in the United States, we analyzed 4214 people receiving Epidiolex® in 2022.

Endorsement of reporting guidelines and clinical trial registration across urological medical journals: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Over the years, funding for urologic diseases has witnessed a steady rise, reaching $587 million in 2020 from $541 million in 2018. In parallel, there has been a notable increase in the total number of urology journals from 2011 to 2018. This surge in research funding and journal publications calls for urologists to effectively navigate through a vast body of evidence to make the best evidence-based clinical decisions.

Changes in US drinking and alcohol use disorders associated with social, health, and economic impacts of COVID-19.

Aims: The COVID-19 pandemic increased alcohol consumption in the USA as a result of widespread individual changes in drinking patterns. Few studies have utilized longitudinal data allowing the prediction of increased or decreased drinking from COVID-19 economic, social, and health impacts.

Methods: Data are from 1819 respondents in the 2019-20 National Alcohol Survey and a one-year follow-up in early 2021.

[The impact of cannabis on psychiatric symptoms: A cross-sectional study on people with severe mental disorder].

Objective Cannabis is the most commonly used drug in the general population, but its prevalence of use remains higher among people suffering from severe mental disorders. Nevertheless, current cannabis research showed it to be deleterious on psychiatric symptoms, especially among patients with severe mental disorders. This present cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the impact of cannabis consumption on the psychiatric symptomatology of people with a serious mental disorder by controlling for the confounding variables of age, sex and concomitant alcohol or stimulant consumption.

The Impact of Intoxication on the Prognosis of High-Speed Motor Vehicle Accidents: A Tertiary Care Center Experience.

Introduction: Several studies suggest a causal link between psychoactive agents and motor vehicle accidents (MVA). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of substance abuse and alcohol intoxication on the prognosis of high-speed MVA victims.

Methods: This is a single-center retrospective cross-sectional study involving adult multiple trauma cases who were admitted to the emergency department for high-speed MVA and underwent toxicological screening.

Establishing a national linked database for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) in the UK: multi-method public and professional involvement to determine acceptability and feasibility.

Introduction: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is one of the leading non-genetic causes of developmental disability worldwide and is thought to be particularly common in the UK. Despite this, there is a lack of data on FASD in the UK.

Objective: To conduct public and professional involvement work to establish stakeholder views on the feasibility, acceptability, key purposes, and design of a national linked longitudinal research database for FASD in the UK.

Pre-drinking is Associated with Possible Alcohol Dependence in UK Trans and Non-Binary Communities.

In an analytical sample of 462 UK-based trans and non-binary respondents to a co-produced survey, 23.2% reported drinking with a higher risk of dependence (AUDIT scores ≥16), and 26.2% reported that they mostly drank at home alone.

Biochemical changes precede affective and cognitive anomalies in aging adult C57BL/6J mice with a prior history of adolescent alcohol binge-drinking.

The early initiation of binge-drinking and biological sex are critical risk factors for the development of affective disturbances and cognitive decline, as well as neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. Further, a history of excessive alcohol consumption alters normal age-related changes in the pattern of protein expression in the brain, which may relate to an acceleration of cognitive decline. Here, we aimed to disentangle the interrelation between a history of binge-drinking during adolescence, biological sex and normal aging on the manifestation of negative affect, cognitive decline and associated biochemical pathology.

Alterations in surface-based brain morphometry in men with opioid use disorder.

Cortical differences in thickness, folding, and complexity may reflect synaptic pruning and myelination alterations. Individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) may demonstrate differences in these cortical metrics due to neurodevelopmental aberrations or early opioid exposure. We compared the cortical metrics between individuals with OUD and controls.

Protective effects of naringenin against methamphetamine-induced cell death in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells.

Methamphetamine is a psychoactive substance that competes with the dopamine transporter, disrupting its flow and storage. This can trigger oxidative stress, finally resulting in neural cell death. Due to the increasing prevalence of methamphetamine use, extensive research has been devoted to finding treatments that ameliorate its detrimental effects.

Factors associated with PrEP awareness and use among men who have sex with men who use drugs in the Southern United States.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) dramatically reduces HIV transmission risk. PrEP is underutilized among men who have sex with men who use substances (SU-MSM) in the Southern U.S.

Purmorphamine Alters Anxiety-Like Behavior and Expression of Hedgehog Cascade Components in Rat Brain after Alcohol Withdrawal.

Disturbances in the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling play an important role in dysmorphogenesis of bone tissue and central nervous system during prenatal alcohol exposure, which underlies development of fetal alcohol syndrome. The involvement of Hh proteins in the mechanisms of alcohol intake in adults remains obscure. We investigated the role of the Hh cascade in voluntary ethanol drinking and development of anxiety-like behavior (ALB) during early abstinence and assessed changes in the expression of Hh pathway components in different brain regions of male Wistar rats in a model of voluntary alcohol drinking using the intermittent access to 20% ethanol in a two-bottle choice procedure.

Neuroimmune Characteristics of Animals with Prenatal Alcohol Intoxication.

Neuroinflammation can be an important factor of many disorders in central nervous system (CNS) including cognitive dysfunction, affective disorders, and addictive behavior associated with prenatal alcohol exposure and presented in early adulthood. In this study we used an experimental rodent model of prenatal alcohol (PA) exposure (consumption of a 10% ethanol solution by female Wistar rats throughout pregnancy), multiplex immunofluorescence analysis of interleukins (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-3, IL-6, IL-9, and IL-12), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and chemokine CCL5, as well as quantitative real-time PCR to assess the level of cytokine mRNAs in the prefrontal cortex of the sexually mature (PND60) offspring - male and female rats with prenatal alcohol intoxication and control animals. Significant decrease in the content of TNF-α and interleukins IL-1β, IL-3, IL-6, IL-9 was detected in the prefrontal cortex of male, but not in the female PA offspring.

Association of Peripheral Markers of Oxidative Stress with Clinical Parameters and Inflammatory Factors in Alcoholic Patients.

One of the fundamental problems in studying addiction is elucidation of mechanisms of alcohol dependence (AD) development. Disturbances of cellular redox balance and inflammation play an important role in AD pathogenesis. Deciphering associations between biological and clinical indicators can elucidate molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.

Alcohol-Induced Activation of Chemokine System and Neuroinflammation Development.

Chemokines are immunoregulatory proteins with pleiotropic functions involved in neuromodulation, neurogenesis, and neurotransmission. The way chemokines affect the CNS plays an important role in modulating various conditions that could have negative impact on CNS functions, including development of alcohol use disorders. In this review, we analyzed the literature data available on the problem of chemokine participation in pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and remission of alcohol use disorders both in animal models and in the study of patients with alcoholism.

Assessing the completeness of patient-reported outcomes reporting in congestive heart failure clinical trials.

Objective: We aim to evaluate the quality of patient-reported outcomes included in randomized control trials for the treatment of congestive heart failure using the International Society for Quality of Life Research (ISOQOL) checklist, a validated tool for critically appraising the quality of patient-reported outcomes.

Design: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 65 randomized control trials with patient-reported outcomes for drug intervention trials for treating congestive heart failure.

Setting: N/A.

Increasing the visibility of Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islanders in substance use research: A call to action.

Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders (AA/NH/PI) are one of the most diverse racial and ethnic groups in the U.S., encompassing origins from over forty countries.