The impact of air quality on cardiovascular health: A state of the art review.

Air pollution is a global health challenge, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart disease, stroke, and arrhythmias. Particulate matter (PM), particularly PM2.5 and ultrafine particles (UFP), is a key contributor to the adverse effects of air pollution on cardiovascular health.

Comparison of intraocular pressure measurements between Easyton transpalpebral tonometry and Perkins, iCare iC100 and Corvis ST, and the influence of corneal and anterior scleral thickness.

Purpose: To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements between Easyton transpalpebral tonometry and Perkins, iCare iC100 and Corvis ST. Also, to assess the influence of corneal characteristics and anterior scleral thickness (AST) on the IOP measurements.

Methods: Sixty-nine eyes from 69 healthy subjects were included.

[Pneumobilia, pneumoperitoneum and pneumowirsung of traumatic etiology: Case report and review of the literature].

Pneumobilia is a phenomenon associated with the presence of a biliary-enteric fistula or manipulation of the bile duct during procedures or surgical interventions that cause dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi. A known, but infrequently reported event, is the increase in intraabdominal pressure after closed abdominal trauma, which causes pneumobilia due to a mechanism of retrograde air leakage towards the bile duct. Depending on the general compromise of each patient, the prognosis can vary from a benign condition that only requires conservative management, to being life threatening.

Standardization of Trauma, General Surgical Morbidity and Mortality Conferences: Development and Dissemination of a "Toolkit" in Peru.

Background: Morbidity and Mortality (M&M) conferences allow clinicians to review adverse events and identify areas for improvement. There are few reports of structured M&M conferences in low- and middle-income countries and no report of collaborative efforts to standardize them.

Methods: The present study aims to gather general surgeons representing most of Peru's urban surgical care and, in collaboration, with trauma quality improvement experts develop a M&M conferences toolkit with the expectation that its diffusion impacts their reported clinical practice.

Hypoxemia, high alveolar-arterial gradient, and bubbles in both sides of heart: A case of hepatopulmonary syndrome in the setting of COVID-19 pandemic.

In presence of tachypnea, digital clubbing and cyanosis in a patient with the hallmarks of chronic liver disease, hepatopulmonary syndrome should be suspected and investigated.

Evaluating learning of medical students through recorded lectures in clinical courses.

One solution offered by technology is learning through recorded lectures (RLs). The main objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of online RLs in learning of clinical courses at a School of Medicine. The study comprised four phases: (i) pre-post uncontrolled study to evaluate knowledge gain with RLs, (ii) non-randomised crossover study to compare learning with RL before or after a face-to-face lecture (FL), (iii) focus groups to evaluate perceptions from students about RLs and, (iv) randomised controlled trial to verify whether the addition of questions every 10 min and a summary webpage to an RL improve knowledge.

Convulsive Status Epilepticus in a Cohort of Patients from a Peruvian Academic Hospital.

Background And Purpose: Status epilepticus is a neurologic emergency whose epidemiology, etiology and management are scarcely known in developing countries. Our objective was to describe the demographic and clinical features as well as the management of generalized convulsive status epilepticus (GCSE) in adult patients admitted to the emergency department of an academic hospital in Peru, between March 2019 and March 2020.

Methods: Observational study of a prospective cohort in which patients were assessed by the emergency and neurology department on the first day of hospitalization, at discharge and at 30 days post-discharge in a follow-up visit.

Clinical, Radiological and Functional Characteristics of Pulmonary Diseases among HTLV-1 Infected Patients without Prior Active Tuberculosis Infection.

The lifelong infection with the human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has been associated with a variety of clinical manifestations; one of the less-explored is HTLV-1-associated pulmonary disease. Imaging of lung damage caused by the HTLV-1 hyperinflammatory cascade can be similar to sequelae from TB infection. Our study aims to describe the pulmonary lesions of HTLV-1-positive patients without past or current active TB and evaluate pulmonary function.

Foreign body granuloma reaction after endovascular therapy of an unruptured right frontal arteriovenous malformation.

Foreign body reactions after endovascular procedures for brain arteriovenous malformations are extremely rare. We report the case of a cerebral foreign body granuloma reaction after embolization of a frontal arteriovenous malformation with Onyx. A previously treated 36-year-old man underwent re-embolization of a residual and recurrent unruptured right frontal vascular malformation with Onyx.

Methylation regulation of Antiviral host factors, Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs) and T-cell responses associated with natural HIV control.

GWAS, immune analyses and biomarker screenings have identified host factors associated with in vivo HIV-1 control. However, there is a gap in the knowledge about the mechanisms that regulate the expression of such host factors. Here, we aimed to assess DNA methylation impact on host genome in natural HIV-1 control.

A Practical Roadmap for Writing of Medical Scientific Publications.

In this article, we are providing a general description of the process of moving a research project from completion to publication; we are describing the process of assigning authors, the drafting of the manuscript, the review process, and how to respond to comments received from reviewers and editors. This roadmap is meant to stimulate the scientific productivity of junior researchers across the continent.

Patient-nominated supporters as facilitators for engagement in HIV care in a referral hospital in Peru: A retrospective cohort study.

Patient-nominated supporters can potentially improve the continuum of HIV care. We retrospectively determined factors associated with having a patient-nominated supporter among people living with HIV (PLWH), and its association with retention in care and viral suppression. We analysed registries of adults evaluated by social workers (n = 1345) at a referral hospital in Peru between 2011-2014.

Epilepsy surgery and neurocysticercosis: Assessing the role of the cysticercotic lesion in medically-refractory epilepsy.

There is increasing evidence of the existence of refractoriness to treatment with antiepileptic medications in those with NCC-related epilepsy. We performed a systematic review with the objective to determine the role of a cysticercotic lesion in this group of patients. We sought those manuscripts, including case reports, describing patients with NCC-related medically-intractable epilepsy who underwent epilepsy surgery and were seizure-free a year after.

Insidious onset of intermittent claudication as the primary manifestation of infective endocarditis.

Musculoskeletal manifestations of infective endocarditis are well-described in the literature. However, insidious onset of localized calf pain is an uncommon presentation of embolization and may represent a diagnostic challenge owing to the nonspecific nature of the symptoms. This study reviewed the literature and reports a case of infective endocarditis in a patient who presented with bilateral calf pain as the primary complaint and reason for seeking medical attention.

Canine echinococcosis: genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) from definitive hosts.

Canids, particularly dogs, constitute the major source of cystic echinococcosis (CE) infection to humans, with the majority of cases being caused by Echinococcus granulosus (G1 genotype). Canine echinococcosis is an asymptomatic disease caused by adult tapeworms of E. granulosus sensu lato (s.

Human and canine echinococcosis infection in informal, unlicensed abattoirs in Lima, Peru.

Echinococcus granulosus infections are a major public health problem in livestock-raising regions around the world. The life cycle of this tapeworm is sustained between dogs (definitive host, canine echinococcosis), and herbivores (intermediary host, cystic hydatid disease). Humans may also develop cystic hydatid disease.

Acral junctional nevus versus acral lentiginous melanoma in situ: a differential diagnosis that should be based on clinicopathologic correlation.

Context: Acral lentiginous melanoma is the most prevalent clinical presentation of melanoma in ethnic groups other than whites and also occurs in significant numbers in North America and Europe. Despite a clear-cut clinical picture, histologic findings seen in partial biopsies may be too subtle and deceive pathologists dealing with such cases.

Objectives: To make pathologists aware of the histologic findings during early phases of acral lentiginous melanoma (including the in situ phase), to compare those findings with what is seen in acral junctional nevus, and to highlight their similarities and differences.

A prospective study of Cat-Scratch Disease in Lima-Peru.

Cat-Scratch Disease (CSD) is a benign lymphadenitis that may progress to severe or recurrent forms, and it is occasionally associated with morbidity. Between January of 1998 and March of 1999, forty-three suspected CSD patients were assessed in the Hospital Cayetano Heredia and the Instituto de Salud del Niño, in Lima, Peru. Twelve patients had a confirmed diagnosis, 8 of whom were women, and the mean age was 10 years old.