Self- and Observer Reports of Personality.

People's personality trait levels are often assessed by obtaining self-reports or observer (informant) reports on questionnaires (inventories). When the target person is closely acquainted with the observer-as in the case of spouses, close relatives, or close friends-several findings are obtained for full-length measures of the Big Five (Five-Factor Model) or HEXACO personality factors. First, mean scores tend to be comparable between self-reports and observer reports, although Openness to Experience tends to be higher in self-reports than in observer reports.

Effectiveness of behavioural and psychological interventions for managing obesity in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis framed using minimal important difference estimates based on GRADE guidance to inform a clinical practice guideline.

Objective: Conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of behavioural and psychological interventions for managing paediatric obesity.

Methods: Eligible studies, published between 1985 and 2022, included 0 to 18 year olds with outcomes reported ≥3 months post-baseline, including patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), cardiometabolic and anthropometric outcomes, and adverse events (AEs). We pooled data using a random effects model and assessed certainty of evidence (CoE) related to minimally important difference estimates for outcomes using GRADE.

A Case Report of Cryoneurolysis With Factor VIII Administration for Cerebral Palsy-related Spasticity in a Patient With Hemophilia A.

Spasticity affects up to 80% of individuals with cerebral palsy and can lead to pain and difficulties with performing activities of daily living. If left untreated, spasticity can progress to contracture and neuro-orthopedic deformities. Cryoneurolysis is an emerging and mini-invasive ultrasound-guided technique that causes secondary axonotmesis of peripheral nerves through the formation of an ice ball and may result in months to years of improved range of motion and reduced pain in patients with spasticity.

Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations: Vascular cognitive impairment, 7th edition practice guidelines update, 2024.

The Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations (CSPR) 7th edition includes this new module on the diagnosis and management of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) with or without neurodegenerative disease. An expert writing group and people with VCI lived experience (PWLE) reviewed current evidence. Existing recommendations were reviewed and revised, and new recommendations added.

Seven up regulates reproductive diapause initiation via juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi.

Reproductive diapause is an insect survival strategy in which reproduction temporarily halts in response to adverse environmental changes. This process is characterized by arrested ovarian development and lipid accumulation in females. A reduction in juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis is known to initiate reproductive diapause, but its regulatory mechanism remains unclear.

Connecting Language Abilities and Social Competence in Children: A Meta-Analytic Review.

Research examining relations between language skills and social competence has yielded mixed findings. Three meta-analyses investigated links between language skills (overall, receptive, and expressive) and social competence in 2- to 12-year-old children. Data from 130 studies representing 62,120 children (M age at language assessment = 4.

Characterisation of intestinal amino acid and oleic acid absorption and their interaction in the Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi).

Elasmobranchs are commonly carnivores and are important in energy transfer across marine ecosystems. Despite this, relatively few studies have examined the physiological underpinnings of nutrient acquisition in these animals. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of uptake at the spiral valve intestine for two representative amino acids (-alanine, -leucine) and one representative fatty acid (oleic acid), each common to the diet of a carnivore, the Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi).

A Novel Statistical Method for Unmasking Sex-Specific Genomics Signatures in Complex Traits.

Genotype-phenotype association studies have advanced our understanding of complex traits but often overlook sex-specific genetic signals. The growing awareness of sex-specific influences on human traits and diseases necessitates tailored statistical methodologies to dissect these genetic intricacies. Rare genetic variants play a significant role in disease development, often exhibiting stronger per-allele effects than common variants.

Eligibility Criteria of Randomized Clinical Trials in Critical Care Medicine.

Importance: Eligibility criteria for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are designed to select clinically relevant patient populations. However, not all eligibility criteria are strongly justified, potentially excluding marginalized groups, and limiting the generalizability of trial findings.

Objective: To summarize and evaluate the justification of exclusion criteria in published RCTs in critical care medicine.

Automated proximal coronary artery calcium identification using artificial intelligence: advancing cardiovascular risk assessment.

Aims: Proximal coronary artery calcium (CAC) may improve prediction of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) beyond the CAC score, particularly in patients with low CAC burden. We investigated whether the proximal CAC can be detected on gated cardiac computer tomography (CT) and whether it provides prognostic significance with artificial intelligence (AI).

Methods And Results: A total of 2016 asymptomatic adults with baseline CAC CT scans from a single site were followed up for MACE for 14 years.

Preterm growth assessment: the latest findings on age correction.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of age correction up to 36 months of age for growth assessments of extremely preterm (<28 weeks) and very preterm (28 to <32 weeks) infants.

Study Design: This longitudinal analysis used data from the Preterm Infant Multicenter Growth Study (2001-2014).

Results: 1,416 children were included (Median gestational age = 27 weeks).

Feasibility and acceptability of a mindfulness app-based intervention among patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a multinational study.

Background: Patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) experience emotional distress and limited supportive care access. This study assesses a mindfulness app's feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy in improving emotional symptoms, trait mindfulness, and overall quality of life for patients with mRCC on immunotherapy.

Methods: This multinational study recruited patients with mRCC undergoing immunotherapy from Brazil and the United States.

Patient experience in a radiation therapy department pre- and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: Longitudinal collection of patient experience data promotes continual high-quality care and guides quality improvement (QI) work. The purpose of this study was to investigate patient experience in the radiation department during COVID-19 and compare results to previous data collected in 2019.

Methods: Patient experience data was collected using the Your Voice Matters (YVM) survey.

Brief exposure to (-) THC affects zebrafish embryonic locomotion with effects that persist into the next generation.

Cannabis is one of the most widely used drugs, and yet an understanding of its impact on the human brain and body is inconclusive. Medicinal and recreational use of cannabis has increased in the last decade with a concomitant increase in use by pregnant women. The major psychoactive compound in cannabis, Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), exists in different isomers, with the (-) trans isomer most common.

Brain RNA profiling highlights multiple disease pathways in persons with HAND: uncovering determinants of biotype diversity.

Objective: To discover microRNA (miRNA)-RNA transcript interactions dysregulated in brains from persons with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), we investigated RNA expression using machine learning tools.

Design: Brain-derived host RNA transcript and miRNA expression was examined from persons with or without HAND using bioinformatics platforms.

Methods: By combining next generation sequencing, droplet digital (dd)PCR quantitation of HIV-1 genomes, with bioinformatics and statistical tools, we investigated differential RNA expression in frontal cortex from persons without HIV (HIV[-]), with HIV without brain disease (HIV[+]), with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), or HAND with encephalitis (HIVE).

Factors associated with weight loss response to GLP-1 analogues for obesity treatment: a retrospective cohort analysis.

Objectives: The response to glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues for weight loss varies significantly. We investigated the anthropometric, demographic and clinical characteristics associated with total body weight loss (TBWL) from subcutaneous GLP-1 analogue therapy in patients with obesity in a real-world setting.

Design: Retrospective cohort analysis.

Patient preferences for drug therapy in inflammatory arthritis: protocol for a living systematic review and evidence map to inform clinical practice guidelines.

Introduction: The pharmacological management of inflammatory arthritis often requires choices that involve trade-offs between benefits, risks and other attributes such as administration route, frequency and cost. This living systematic review aims to inform international clinical guidelines on inflammatory arthritis by creating an evidence map of patient preference studies concerning the trade-offs in pharmacological management of inflammatory arthritis.

Methods And Analysis: We will include published and peer-reviewed full-text studies in any language that quantitatively assess preferences of patients for the pharmacological management of inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis).

Surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease: white light endoscopy with segmental re-inspection versus dye-based chromoendoscopy - a multi-arm randomised controlled trial (HELIOS).

Background: It remains unclear if the increased colorectal neoplasia detection rate in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by high-definition (HD) dye-based chromoendoscopy compared with HD white-light endoscopy is due to enhanced contrast or increased inspection times. Longer withdrawal times may yield similar neoplasia detection rates as found by HD chromoendoscopy.

Objective: To compare colorectal neoplasia detection rates for HD white-light endoscopy with segmental re-inspection and HD chromoendoscopy, using single-pass HD white-light endoscopy as an additional control group.

Validation of the Maslach burnout inventory-general survey 9-item short version (MBI-GS9) among care aides in Canadian nursing homes.

Background: The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) is the leading measure of burnout for all occupations. The MBI-GS9, the 9-item version of the MBI-GS, was formulated based on the MBI-GS and has been used for several years. However, very few studies have systematically tested its psychometric properties, and none have focused on care aides working in nursing homes who are susceptible to burnout.

Unraveling calcium dysregulation and autoimmunity in immune mediated rippling muscle disease.

Rippling Muscle Disease (RMD) is a rare skeletal myopathy characterized by abnormal muscular excitability manifesting with wave-like muscle contractions and percussion-induced muscle mounding. Hereditary RMD is associated with caveolin-3 or cavin-1 mutations. Recently, we identified cavin 4 autoantibodies as a biomarker of immune-mediated RMD (iRMD), though the underlying disease-mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Limitations and Future Directions in Pharmacological Treatment for Amphetamine-Type Stimulant Use Disorder.

Plain Language Summary Stimulant addiction, such as addiction to drugs like amphetamines, is a growing public health concern, but there are very few effective medications to treat it. A recent study reviewed a drug called modafinil and found it didn't help reduce drug use, cravings, or improve treatment outcomes. This article discusses why treatments that work for other addictions, like opioids, are less effective for stimulants.

Rhamnogalacturonan promotes intestinal mucosal repair through increased cell migration.

Mucosal healing is the primary goal for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) treatment. We previously showed the direct beneficial effects of rhamnogalacturonan (RGal) on intestinal epithelial barrier function. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effect of RGal in intestinal epithelial wound healing.