Pharmacology of Intestinal Inflammation and Repair.

Chronic inflammation is a common trait in the pathogenesis of several diseases of the gut, including inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease. Control of the inflammatory response is crucial in these pathologies to avoid tissue destruction and loss of intestinal function. Over the last 50 years, the identification of the mechanisms and mediators involved in the acute phase of the inflammatory response, which is characterized by massive leukocyte recruitment, has led to a number of therapeutic options.

Identifying the Minimal Clinically Important Difference in Emotion Regulation Among Youth Using the JoyPop App: Survey Study.

Background: The minimal clinically important difference (MCID) is an important threshold to consider when evaluating the meaningfulness of improvement following an intervention. The JoyPop app is an evidence-based smartphone app designed to improve resilience and emotion regulation. Information is needed regarding the JoyPop app's MCID among culturally diverse youth.

Length-Dependent Conduction of Polyynes: Searching for the Limit of the Tunneling Regime.

Rigid, conjugated molecules are excellent candidates as molecular wires since they can achieve full extension between electrodes while maintaining conjugation. Molecular design can be used to minimize the accessible pi surface and interactions between the bridging wire and the electrode. Polyynes are archetypal molecular wires that feature a rigid molecular framework with a cross-section of a single carbon atom.

Reversing Decline in Aging Muscles: Expected Trends, Impacts and Remedies.

: Age-related decline in musculoskeletal function is a significant concern, particularly in Western countries facing demographic shifts and increased healthcare demands. This review examines the typical trajectories of musculoskeletal deterioration with age and evaluates the effectiveness of various interventions in preventing or reversing these changes. : The review analyzes documented rates of decline across multiple parameters, including muscle mass, Type II muscle fiber reduction, and decreased motor unit firing rates.

Advancing Newborn Screening in Washington State: A Novel Multiplexed LC-MS/MS Proteomic Assay for Wilson Disease and Inborn Errors of Immunity.

For many genetic disorders, there are no specific metabolic biomarkers nor analytical methods suitable for newborn population screening, even where highly effective preemptive treatments are available. The direct measurement of signature peptides as a surrogate marker for the protein in dried blood spots (DBSs) has been shown to successfully identify patients with Wilson Disease (WD) and three life-threatening inborn errors of immunity, X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), and adenosine deaminase deficiency (ADAD). A novel proteomic-based multiplex assay to detect these four conditions from DBS using high-throughput LC-MS/MS was developed and validated.

Cardiovascular Reactivity to Mental Stress and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease.

Background: Acute psychological stress may induce physiological changes predisposing individuals to adverse health outcomes through hemodynamic and vascular effects. We studied the association between the aggregated stress-induced changes in hemodynamic and vascular function tests with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease, after adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors.

Methods And Results: Individuals with stable coronary artery disease from 2 prospective cohort studies were studied.

Thomas precession, relativistic torque, and non-planar orbits.

We analyze the angular momentum balance for a particle undergoing Thomas precession. The relationships among relativistic torque, the center of mass, and the center of inertia for a spinning particle are clarified. We show that spin precession is accompanied by orbital angular momentum precession, and present examples of the resulting out-of-plane motion.

Prognostic analysis of endovascular mechanical thrombectomy in stroke patients with acute internal carotid artery obstruction based on circle of Willis variation.

Objective: Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy (EVMT) is widely employed in patients with acute intracranial carotid artery occlusion (AIICAO). This study aimed to predict the outcomes of EVMT following AIICAO by utilizing anatomic classification of the circle of Willis and its relative position to the thrombus.

Methods: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 108 patients with AIICAO who underwent endovascular mechanical thrombectomy (EVMT) at Shaoxing People's Hospital.

Birthing parent adverse childhood experiences and risk of atopic diseases in 5-year-old children.

Following up on previous findings from the All Our Families (AOF) cohort, the current study investigated the relationship between birthing parent history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and child atopy, including asthma, allergy, and eczema, at five years of age. Potential indirect effects were explored. Participants completed the ACEs scale, validated questionnaires of anxiety and depression symptoms, and reported on their and their children's atopic disease history.

The Role of Sirtuins in Diabetic Nephropathy: A Comprehensive Review.

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by elevated oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in the kidneys. A class of proteins called sirtuins is well-known to be important for a number of cellular functions, such as metabolism, stress tolerance, and ageing. Among them, SIRT1 is associated with the progression of diabetic nephropathy, a dangerous kidney-related consequence of diabetes mellitus.

Red blood cell utilization in patients with sickle cell disease: A Canadian single-center experience.

Background: Red blood cell (RBC) utilization in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) in Canada is poorly defined. This study describes RBC utilization in an SCD cohort at a single Canadian center.

Study Design And Methods: All adults with SCD who received care at the Ottawa Hospital between January 2006 and May 2019 were included, and followed until December 2021.

Original Research: Nurses' Perceptions of the Role of Nursing Organizations in Promoting Engagement with the Sustainable Development Goals: A Global Study.

Background: RNs are integral to achieving the United Nations' 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Professional nursing organizations can play a significant role in educating and preparing nurses to work more effectively toward achieving the SDGs. While there is much literature that speaks to the importance of nurses engaging in these goals, there is a lack of research that has explored nurses' perceptions of the role of professional nursing organizations in promoting SDG-related knowledge and engagement.

The risks of adverse events with mirtazapine for adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

Background: Mirtazapine is used to treat depression worldwide, and the effects of mirtazapine on depression rating scales are well-known. Our primary objective was to assess the risks of adverse events with mirtazapine for major depressive disorder.

Methods: We searched relevant sources from inception to 7 March 2024 for randomised clinical trials comparing mirtazapine versus placebo in adults with major depressive disorder.

Canadian Association of Radiologists Cancer Diagnostic Imaging Referral Guideline.

The Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR) Cancer Expert Panel is made up of physicians from the disciplines of radiology, medical oncology, surgical oncology, radiation oncology, family medicine/general practitioner oncology, a patient advisor, and an epidemiologist/guideline methodologist. The Expert Panel developed a list of 29 clinical/diagnostic scenarios, of which 16 pointed to other CAR guidelines. A rapid scoping review was undertaken to identify systematically produced referral guidelines that provide recommendations for one or more of the remaining 13 scenarios.

Exploration of the Evidence on Discharge From Hospital to Home for Children With Medical Complexity and Their Parents: A Review of the Literature.

Background: Children with medical complexity (CMC) require complex care that parents must independently provide and manage when discharged home from hospital. It is important that parents are adequately prepared to safely transition home from hospital with their child.

Method: A synthesis of findings from research articles was conducted to map and summarize available evidence on CMC and their parents' experiences of discharge from hospital to home.

Associations Between Early Physician Follow-up and Post-discharge Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Early physician follow-up after hospital discharge is commonly recommended, though whether it mitigates adverse events is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the association between physician follow-up within 30 days of hospital discharge and risk of hospital readmission, emergency department (ED) visits, or mortality in medical patients.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL electronic databases were searched from inception to April 2023.

Effective interventions to prevent youth vaping behaviours: a rapid review.

Objective: To identify effective policies and non-policy interventions preventing youth vaping behaviour initiation and assess their effectiveness by the level of intrusiveness and subpopulations.

Design: This systematic rapid review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Data Sources: Searches on MEDLINE and APA-PsycINFO for studies published between January 2019 and November 2023.

Diversity in the medical research ecosystem: a descriptive scientometric analysis of over 49 000 studies and 150 000 authors published in high-impact medical journals between 2007 and 2022.

Objectives: Health research that significantly impacts global clinical practice and policy is often published in high-impact factor (IF) medical journals. These outlets play a pivotal role in the worldwide dissemination of novel medical knowledge. However, researchers identifying as women and those affiliated with institutions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have been largely under-represented in high-IF journals across multiple fields of medicine.

Short-acting beta agonist, antibiotics, oral corticosteroid and association with mortality and cardiopulmonary events in patients with COPD: a retrospective cohort study in Alberta, Canada.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine the association between short-acting beta agonist (SABA), antibiotic and oral corticosteroid (OCS) use and mortality and cardiopulmonary outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Design: Retrospective cohort study using administrative health data from 1 April 2011 to 31 March 2020.

Setting: Alberta, Canada.

Impact of anesthetic methods on outcomes for patients with large core stroke undergoing endovascular treatment.

Background: The optimal anesthetic method for endovascular therapy in acute large core stroke remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of anesthetic methods on outcomes in patients with large core stroke.

Methods: This study was a subanalysis of a prospective, multicenter registry at 38 stroke centers in China.

WHO guidelines on waist circumference and physical activity and their joint association with cancer risk.

Objective: Low body fat and high physical activity levels are key lifestyle factors in cancer prevention, but the interplay of abdominal obesity and physical activity on cancer risk remains unknown. We explored individual and joint associations of waist circumference and physical activity with cancer risk.

Methods: Using UK Biobank data (n=315 457), we categorised individuals according to WHO guideline thresholds for waist circumference and self-reported physical activity levels.