Recombinant Human Tissue Kallikrein-1 for Treating Acute Ischemic Stroke and Preventing Recurrence.

Novel strategies are needed for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke when revascularization therapies are not clinically appropriate or are unsuccessful. rKLK1 (recombinant human tissue kallikrein-1), a bradykinin-producing enzyme, offers a promising potential solution. In animal studies of acute stroke, there is a marked 36-fold increase in bradykinin B2 receptor on brain endothelial cells of the ischemic region.

How well is the female population represented in clinical trials with infusion therapies for Parkinson's disease? A systematic review and metanalysis.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting both sexes, but differences exist between male and female in clinical manifestations, functional impact of symptoms and hormonal influences. Therefore, representativeness of females in PD trials indirectly determines the external validity of the clinical research in this field.

Objective: To estimate the representativeness of female in infusion therapy trials for advanced PD.

Malignant Brain Edema and Associated Factors in Large Hemispheric Infarction Following Reperfusion Therapy.

Objective: This study aimed to explore Malignant Brain Edema (MBE) and associated factors in patients with Large Hemispheric Infarction (LHI) following early reperfusion therapy.

Methods: We consecutively and retrospectively enrolled a cohort of 114 LHI patients who had received early reperfusion therapy, including Intravenous Thrombolysis (IVT) or Endovascular Therapy (EVT) at the hyperacute stage of stroke between January 2009 and December 2018. MBE was defined as a midline shift ≥5 mm, accompanied by signs of herniation.

Beyond Traditional Body Composition Metrics: Load-Capacity Indices Emerge as Predictors of Cardiometabolic Outcomes - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The adaptive and independent interrelationships between different body composition components have been identified as crucial determinants of disease risk. Based on this concept, the load-capacity model of body composition, which utilizes measurements obtained through non-anthropometric techniques such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), was proposed. This model is typically operationalized as the ratio of metabolic load (adipose mass) to metabolic capacity (lean mass).

Early psilocybin intervention alleviates behavioral despair and cognitive impairment in stressed Wistar rats.

Chronic stress exerts profound effects on mental health, contributing to disorders such as depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. This study examines the potential of psilocybin to alleviate behavioral despair and cognitive deficits in a rodent model of chronic stress, focusing on the interplay between the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and the Endocannabinoid System (ECS). Twenty-two male Wistar rats were divided into control and stress groups.

Multiple environmental tracers combined with a constrained Bayesian isotope mixing model to elucidate nitrate and sulfate contamination in a coastal groundwater system.

Several groundwater quality investigations have been conducted in coastal regions that are commonly exposed to multiple anthropogenic stressors. Nonetheless, such studies remain challenging because they require focused-diagnostic approaches for a comprehensive understanding of groundwater contamination. Therefore, this study integrates a multi-tracer approach to acquire comprehensive information allowing for an improved understanding of the origins of groundwater contamination, the relative contribution of contaminants, and their biogeochemical cycling within a coastal groundwater system.

Optimization of the density-elasticity relationship for rabbit hindlimb bones.

The rabbit is a popular experimental model in orthopaedic biomechanics due to the presence of natural Haversian remodeling, allowing for better translational relevance to the mechanobiology of human bone over traditional rodent models. Although rabbits are often used with computational modeling approaches such as the finite element (FE) method, a validated and widely agreed upon density-elasticity relationship, which is required to make subject-specific predictions, does not exist. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine and validate an accurate density-elasticity relationship for rabbit hindlimb bones using mathematical optimization.

Inducers and modulators of protein aggregation in Alzheimer's disease - Critical tools for understanding the foundations of aggregate structures.

Amyloidogenic protein aggregation is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). As such, this critical feature of the disease has been instrumental in guiding research on the mechanistic basis of disease, diagnostic biomarkers and preventative and therapeutic treatments. Here we review identified molecular triggers and modulators of aggregation for two of the proteins associated with AD: amyloid beta and tau.

Overall and late mortality among 24 459 survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer in Alberta, Canada: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors are at an increased risk of premature mortality due to their cancer and its treatment. Herein, we aimed to quantify the excess risks of mortality among AYA cancer survivors and identify target populations for intervention.

Methods: The Alberta AYA Cancer Survivor Study is a retrospective, population-based cohort of individuals diagnosed with a first primary neoplasm at age 15-39 years in Alberta, Canada, between 1983 and 2017.

A survey of resource allocation among canadian cardiac surgery programs during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic significantly impacted the lives of patients and healthcare professionals globally. With rapid spread and severe illness, a great deal of healthcare resources including personal, funding, and hospital beds were dedicated to fight the pandemic.

Objectives: This survey looks to characterize how resources were allocated among Canadian cardiac surgery programs, and how this impacted patient care and outcomes.

Associations between vaping during pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Despite numerous studies linking prenatal vaping to adverse perinatal outcomes, a systematic assessment for critical comparison remains absent. To investigate these associations, we conducted a systematic search of studies assessing perinatal outcomes in mothers and/or neonates exposed to vaping during pregnancy compared to those in women without prenatal vaping exposure through MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PROSPERO, and Google Scholar until July 5, 2024. We performed inverse-variance random-effects meta-analyses for maternal and neonatal outcomes of 23 studies with a total of 924,376 participants with 7552 reporting vaping-only use during pregnancy.

Tracking the optimal watershed landscape pattern for driving pollutant transport: Insights from the integration of mechanistic models and data-driven approaches.

Identifying landscape patterns conducive to pollutant transport control is of vitally importance for water quality protection. However, it remains unclear which landscape patterns can weaken the transport capacity of pollutants entering water bodies. To fill this gap, this study proposes a new framework.

Ecological Momentary Assessment for Adolescents With Anorexia Nervosa and Their Parents/Caregivers in Family-Based Treatment.

Introduction: Studies have shown that early weight gain in family-based treatment (FBT) predicts treatment response in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN); however, research examining factors associated with early weight gain in FBT is limited. This study tested the feasibility and acceptability of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in early FBT, particularly to capture momentary data on family climate during mealtimes.

Methods: Using multiple methods, quantitative (EMA) and qualitative (interviews) data were collected in the first 4 weeks of FBT.

A Coarse-Grained Simulation Approach for Protein Molecular Conformation Dynamics.

Coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation is widely accepted for assessment of a large complex biological system, but it may also lead to a misleading conclusion. The challenge is to simulate protein structural dynamics (such as folding-unfolding behavior) due to the lack of a necessary backbone flexibility. This study developed a standard coarse-grained model directly from the protein atomic structure and amino acid coarse-grained FF (such as MARTINI FF v2.

Built environment change for injury prevention: insights from public health professionals across public health units in Ontario, Canada.

Background: Road-related injuries and deaths are among the most significant and avoidable public health problems in Canada. Modifications to the built environment (BE) can reduce injury rates for vulnerable road users (VRUs) and other priority populations who experience disproportionate risk. This paper highlights public health professionals' experiences working in injury prevention across Ontario public health units (PHUs) navigating barriers and facilitators to BE change.

Impact of physical activity and exercise training on health-related quality of life in older adults: an umbrella review.

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is inversely associated with all-cause mortality in older adults and may be improved with physical activity and exercise training. The objective of this umbrella review was to determine the impact of physical activity and exercise training on HRQoL in younger-old (average age ≤ 75 years) and older-old (average age > 75 years) adults. Our umbrella review (CRD42023481145) included 39 systematic reviews (21/39 with meta-analysis) including 113 unique individual studies of 13391 unique participants.

ZIC1 is a context-dependent medulloblastoma driver in the rhombic lip.

Transcription factors are frequent cancer driver genes, exhibiting noted specificity based on the precise cell of origin. We demonstrate that ZIC1 exhibits loss-of-function (LOF) somatic events in group 4 (G4) medulloblastoma through recurrent point mutations, subchromosomal deletions and mono-allelic epigenetic repression (60% of G4 medulloblastoma). In contrast, highly similar SHH medulloblastoma exhibits distinct and diametrically opposed gain-of-function mutations and copy number gains (20% of SHH medulloblastoma).

Parental and family presence are essential: A qualitative study of children's lived experiences with family presence in pediatric intensive care.

Objective: To better understand critically ill children's lived experiences with family presence in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Study Design: This qualitative, interpretive phenomenological study is grounded in a Childhood Ethics ontology. We recruited children (aged 6-17 years) admitted to one of four participating Canadian PICUs between November 2021-July 2022 using maximum variation sampling.

Preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate to predict cardiac events in major noncardiac surgery: a secondary analysis of two large international studies.

Background: Optimised use of kidney function information might improve cardiac risk prediction in noncardiac surgery.

Methods: In 35,815 patients from the VISION cohort study and 9219 patients from the POISE-2 trial who were ≥45 yr old and underwent nonurgent inpatient noncardiac surgery, we examined (by age and sex) the association between continuous nonlinear preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the composite of myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery, nonfatal cardiac arrest, or death owing to a cardiac cause within 30 days after surgery. We estimated contributions of predictive information, C-statistic, and net benefit from eGFR and other common patient and surgical characteristics to large multivariable models.

Nuclear Cardiology Surrogate Biomarkers in Clinical Trials.

Nuclear cardiology offers a diverse range of imaging tools that provide valuable insights into myocardial perfusion, inflammation, metabolism, neuroregulation, thrombosis, and microcalcification. These techniques are crucial not only for diagnosing and managing cardiovascular conditions but also for gaining pathophysiologic insights. Surrogate biomarkers in nuclear cardiology, represented by detectable imaging changes, correlate with disease processes or therapeutic responses and can serve as endpoints in clinical trials when they demonstrate a clear link with these processes.

Statistical principles in neurointervention part 2. Multivariable analysis: generalized linear models, modification, confounding, and mediation.

This two part series on statistical principles in neurointervention offers a comprehensive foundation for neurointerventionalists to engage with both fundamental and advanced statistical principles. This series aims to equip neurointerventionalists with essential statistical knowledge for critically reviewing literature and conducting methodologically sound research. Part one of this series covered fundamental concepts such as frequentism, study types, data types, summarization, visualization, hypothesis testing, and univariable analysis.

Statistical principles in neurointervention part 1: basic principles, descriptive statistics and univariable analysis.

Neurointervention has seen significant advancements in recent decades with the adoption of myriad new technologies and techniques. Initially reliant on case reports and small case series, we now benefit from multicenter studies and randomized trials that can provide robust practice-changing evidencea and often employ sophisticated statistical methods. This two-part series on statistical principles in neurointervention aims to equip neurointerventionalists with essential statistical knowledge for critically reviewing literature and conducting methodologically sound research.