Impact of an Antenatal Family-based Behavioral Treatment with a Nutrition and Exercise Lifestyle Intervention Program on Infant Weight-for-length at Birth.

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) growth standards, including weight-for-length, are used to monitor infant size. Excessive infant weight-for-length at or above the 85th percentile is a risk for childhood overweight. Although antenatal interventions like the nutrition and exercise lifestyle intervention program (NELIP) have successfully prevented excessive gestational weight gain, strategies to improve the intervention remain of interest.

Paratesticular/inguinal SMARCB1/INI1 deficient carcinomas with yolk sac tumour-like differentiation are aggressive somatic malignancies.

Aims: Extragonadal yolk sac tumour (YST) is rare, and may present a diagnostic challenge. YST differentiation was recently reported in some somatically derived tumours in the sinonasal location and in the female genital tract, together with a SMARCB1/INI1 loss. We report two paratesticular/inguinal tumours with striking morphological and immunohistochemical similarities with YST, further expanding the spectrum of extragonadal tumours with YST-like morphology and SMARCB1/INI1 loss.

Impact of underlying disease and total body irradiation on the incidence of graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Background: Multiple factors have been described to influence the risk of acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD or cGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), including underlying chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and high-dose total body irradiation (TBI). However, the impact of the underlying disease or low-dose TBI on the risk of GVHD in the modern era has not been determined.

Objective: To determine risk factors for GVHD in the modern era in the setting of antithymocyte globulin (ATG)-based GVHD prophylaxis.

Birth weight and head circumference for 22-29 weeks gestation neonates from an international cohort.

Objective: Size at birth is a key indicator of in utero growth. Our objective was to generate sex-specific percentiles for birth weight and head circumference in neonates born between 22 and 29 weeks gestation from pregnancies without hypertension or diabetes and assess differences between vaginal and caesarean births and between singletons and twins.

Methods: We used data from 12 countries participating in the International Network for Evaluating Outcomes in Neonates database from 2007 to 2021.

Sampling Mars: Geologic context and preliminary characterization of samples collected by the NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Mission.

The NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Mission has collected samples of rock, regolith, and atmosphere within the Noachian-aged Jezero Crater, once the site of a delta-lake system with a high potential for habitability and biosignature preservation. Between sols 109 and 1,088 of the mission, 27 sample tubes have been sealed, including witness tubes. Each sealed sample tube has been collected along with detailed documentation provided by the Perseverance instrument payload, preserving geological and environmental context.

Modulating intestinal neuroimmune VIPergic signaling attenuates the reduction in ILC3-derived IL-22 and hepatic steatosis in MASLD.

Background: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD, formerly known as NAFLD) is a major driver of cirrhosis and liver-related mortality. However, therapeutic options for MASLD, including prevention of liver steatosis, are limited. We previously described that vasoactive intestinal peptide-producing neurons (VIP-neurons) regulate the efficiency of intestinal dietary fat absorption and IL-22 production by type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) in the intestine.

Rapidly spreading with OXA-48-like carbapenemases.

(mostly , ) with OXA-48-like carbapenemases (e.g., OXA-48, -181, -232, -244) are undermining the global efficiency of carbapenem therapy.

Effects of genotype and environment on the physiochemical properties of Canadian oat varieties.

Background: The relationship between oat grain composition and physical attributes as influenced by oat genotype and Canadian growing environments was investigated. Thirty Canadian oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes, grown in three Canadian growing locations (Brandon, Manitoba; Portage la Prairie, Manitoba; and Lacombe, Alberta) over 2 consecutive years (2020-2021), were analyzed.

Adherence to the 24-h Movement Behaviors Guidelines and Associations With Cognitive and Behavioral Self-Regulation Among Brazilian Preschoolers.

Background: Adherence to 24-h movement guidelines has been associated with early health benefits, including neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, the associations between these guidelines and Cognitive (CSR) and Behavioral (BSR) self-regulation in preschoolers are underexplored. This study investigated the associations between adherence to 24-h movement guidelines and CSR and BSR in Brazilian preschoolers.

Caregivers' Experiences of Nursing Home Restrictions During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Pandemic-related restrictions in nursing homes have undermined the critical role that family and friend caregivers play in enhancing resident quality of life.

Objective: We examined how family caregiver access restrictions in nursing homes were implemented and how they impacted the mutual well-being of and relationships between residents and their caregivers over time. s Between March 2021 and march 2022, 24 'designated caregivers' in Atlantic Canada were interviewed three times.

Association of corneal endothelial cell morphology with neurodegeneration in mild cognitive impairment and dementia.

Introduction: Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) detects neurodegeneration in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia and identifies subjects with MCI who develop dementia. This study assessed whether abnormalities in corneal endothelial cell (CEC) morphology are related to corneal nerve morphology, brain volumetry, cerebral ischemia, and cognitive impairment in MCI and dementia.

Methods: Participants with no cognitive impairment (NCI), MCI, and dementia underwent CCM to quantify corneal endothelial cell density (CECD) and area (CECA), corneal nerve fiber morphology, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain volumetry, and severity of brain ischemia.

High quality MAGs from lignocellulose-impacted environments elucidate metabolism and evolutionary mechanisms.

The archaeal class is widely and abundantly distributed in anoxic habitats. Metagenomic studies have suggested that they are mixotrophic, capable of CO fixation and heterotrophic growth, and involved in acetogenesis and lignin degradation. We analyzed 35 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), including the first complete circularized MAG (cMAG) of the Bathy-6 subgroup, from the metagenomes of three full-scale pulp and paper mill anaerobic digesters and three laboratory methanogenic enrichment cultures maintained on pre-treated poplar.

Widespread geographic distribution of filarioid nematodes in caribou ( sspp.) in Canada.

The caribou ( sspp.) is a keystone wildlife species in northern ecosystems that plays a central role in the culture, spirituality and food security of Indigenous People. The Arctic is currently experiencing an unprecedented rate of climate change, including warming temperatures and altered patterns of precipitation.

The Relationship Between Quantitative Ischemia, Early Revascularization, and Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events: A Multicenter Study.

Background: Observational data have suggested that patients with moderate to severe ischemia benefit from revascularization. However, this was not confirmed in a large, randomized trial.

Objectives: Using a contemporary, multicenter registry, the authors evaluated differences in the association between quantitative ischemia, revascularization, and outcomes across important subgroups.

Propensity Score Analysis of Possible Medication Effects on Outcomes in Patients With Systemic Right Ventricles.

Background: Patients with systemic right ventricle (SRV), either d-transposition of the great arteries following an atrial switch procedure or congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, develop severe right ventricular dysfunction, prompting appropriate medical therapy. However, the efficacy of beta-blockers and angiotensin receptor blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) in SRV patients is unproven.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of ACEI/ARB and beta-blockers on outcomes in SRV patients after accounting for likely cofounders affecting their use.

Patient, Caregiver, and Provider Perspectives on Improving Provider-Patient Interactions in Hemodialysis: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Improving interactions between people receiving hemodialysis and health care providers of facility-based hemodialysis care is a top priority for patients, caregivers, and health care providers.

Objective: To identify challenges for high-quality clinical interactions in facility-based hemodialysis care as well as potential solutions.

Design: Multicentre qualitative study using focus groups and semi-structured interviews to elicit the perspectives of patients, caregivers, and health care providers.

Effect of vasopressin on brain and cardiac tissue during neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation of asphyxiated post-transitional piglets.

Background: Epinephrine is currently the only recommended cardio-resuscitative medication for use in neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), as per consensus of science and treatment recommendations. An alternative medication, vasopressin, may be beneficial, however there is limited data regarding its effect on cardiac and brain tissue following recovery from neonatal CPR.

Aim: To compare the effects of vasopressin and epinephrine during resuscitation of asphyxiated post-transitional piglets on cardiac and brain tissue injury.

Whole Genome Sequencing Reveals Genetic Differences Between Symbiodiniaceae Populations Among Reproductively and Geographically Isolated Colonies in Western Australia.

Significant genetic differentiation between Symbiodiniaceae populations in coral hosts can be induced by a range of factors including geography, latitude, depth, temperature and light utilisation. The conventional method of measuring Symbiodiniaceae diversity involving the ITS2 region of rDNA has several limitations, stemming from insufficient genetic resolution and the multi-copy nature of the marker. This could be improved by using higher throughput whole genome sequencing to identify fine-scale population genetic differences and provide new insight into factors influencing coral-Symbiodiniaceae associations.

Are 3D Tumor Cell Spheroids a Utile System for the In Vitro Evaluation of Diagnostic Radiotracers?

By possibly bridging the gap between 2D cell assays and applications, tumor cell spheroid cultures offer promising avenues for advancing innovation in nuclear medicine. Regarding the evaluation of therapeutic radioligands, tumor cell spheroids have been successfully used to assess the therapeutic efficacy against human tumors. However, studies employing spheroids for testing diagnostic tracers are missing.

Myths and misconceptions of intimate partner violence among sexual and gender minorities: a qualitative exploration.

Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV), referring to different forms of violence or abuse between two or more intimate partners, negatively impacts physical and mental health, performance in various settings, and familial functioning, leading to long-term adverse outcomes. Sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals tend to experience similar or greater frequencies of IPV compared to their cisheterosexual counterparts. Stigma and discrimination toward sexual and gender diversity can lead to myths and misconceptions about relationship dynamics among SGM individuals, which can contribute to IPV occurrence within the community.

Quantitative assessment of orthodontic treatments performed by graduate orthodontic students of an International School of Dentistry.

Context: Assessing and monitoring treatment quality within graduate courses are vital for maintaining high standards and addressing areas needing improvement. In this study, we evaluated the treatment quality delivered by measuring the total scores obtained from the comprehensive clinical assessment (CCA) index and the objective grading system (OGS) index.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the quality of orthodontic treatments administered by graduate students by using the CCA index and OGS index.

Skeletal and dental effects of skeletally anchored forsus fatigue resistant devices during class II malocclusion treatment: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the skeletal and dental treatment effects of Class II malocclusion cases using skeletally anchored Forsus (miniscrew-anchored FRD or miniplate-anchored FRD), with conventional Forsus FRD.

Materials And Methods: Unrestricted electronic search of six databases and additional manual searches were performed up to July 2023. Randomized controlled trials having one treatment arm with skeletal anchored Forsus FRD in treatment of Class II malocclusion and another matched treatment group treated with conventional Forsus FRD were included in this review.

Recombinant Human Tissue Kallikrein-1 for Treating Acute Ischemic Stroke and Preventing Recurrence.

Novel strategies are needed for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke when revascularization therapies are not clinically appropriate or are unsuccessful. rKLK1 (recombinant human tissue kallikrein-1), a bradykinin-producing enzyme, offers a promising potential solution. In animal studies of acute stroke, there is a marked 36-fold increase in bradykinin B2 receptor on brain endothelial cells of the ischemic region.