Characteristics and Outcomes of US Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19.

Background: Understanding COVID-19 epidemiology is crucial to clinical care and to clinical trial design and interpretation.

Objective: To describe characteristics, treatment, and outcomes among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 early in the pandemic.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients with laboratory-confirmed, symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to 57 US hospitals from March 1 to April 1, 2020.

Future Directions for Vaccinating Children against the American Endemic: Treating Racism as a Virus.

For Black American youth and their families, the racial terror that claimed the life of George Floyd in May 2020 is nothing new, as stories of people who look just like them have been part and parcel of their lived experience in the United States. Beyond state-sanctioned murder, Black youth were also witnessing the disproportionate transmission, treatment, and travesty plaguing their community with COVID-19 - all predictable outcomes given the inequitable systems supporting the American pipeline from cradle to grave. Why, then, were so many White Americans just coming into awareness of this deadly disease of individual and systemic racism that has ravaged Black American communities for centuries? In this work, we seek to explain in what ways racism is tantamount to a social virus and how its permeation is endemic to the American body, rather than an emerging threat, like a pandemic.

The role of fetal surveillance in monochorionic twins: review of the current findings.

Maternal age has increased significantly over the years and assisted reproduction techniques are becoming more available in less developed countries, contributing to the rising number of multiple gestations. Multiple pregnancy is associated with greater risk for both the mother and the fetus than a singleton pregnancy and needs well-trained professionals to assist and surveil its progression. This review aimed to describe the available evidence and summarize the current recommendations for fetal surveillance and delivery timing for monochorionic gestations.

Extended Lymphadenectomy Improves Survival After Induction Chemoradiation for Esophageal Cancer: A Propensity-Matched Analysis of the National Cancer Database.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the potential value of extended nodal-dissection following neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT), by analyzing data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

Background: A CROSS-trial post-hoc analysis showed that the number of dissected lymph nodes was associated with improved survival in patients undergoing upfront surgery but not in those treated with neoadjuvant CRT.

Methods: The NCDB was queried (2004-2014) for patients who underwent esophagectomy following induction CRT.

Clinical follow-up practices after cervical cancer screening by co-testing: A population-based study of adherence to U.S. guideline recommendations.

Failure to follow-up women after abnormal cervical screening could lead to cervical cancers, yet little is known about adherence to recommended follow-up after abnormal co-testing [cytology and high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing]. We documented clinical management following cervical screening by co-testing in a diverse population-based setting. A statewide surveillance program for cervical screening, diagnosis, and treatment was used to investigate all cytology, hrHPV and biopsy reports in the state of New Mexico from January 2015 through August 2019.

Sublobar resection is comparable to lobectomy for screen-detected lung cancer.

Objective: Sublobar resection is frequently offered to patients with small, peripheral lung cancers, despite the lack of outcome data from ongoing randomized clinical trials. Sublobar resection may be a particularly attractive surgical strategy for screen-detected lung cancers, which have been suggested to be less biologically aggressive than cancers detected by other means. Using prospective data collected from patients undergoing surgery in the National Lung Screening Trial, we sought to determine whether extent of resection affected survival for patients with screen-detected lung cancer.

Th17/Treg-Related Intracellular Signaling in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Comparison between Local and Systemic Responses.

Th17/Treg imbalance plays a pivotal role in COPD development and progression. We aimed to assess Th17/Treg-related intracellular signaling at different COPD stages in local and systemic responses. Lung tissue and/or peripheral blood samples were collected and divided into non-obstructed (NOS), COPD stages I and II, and COPD stages III and IV groups.

Fundamental underpinnings of simulation education: describing a four-component instructional design approach to healthcare simulation fellowships.

Although in 2020, there are more than 120 healthcare simulation fellowships established globally, there is a paucity of literature on how to design fellowship programs most effectively, to equip graduates with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of a competent simulation educator. Offering a systematic structure to approach simulation fellowship programmatic design may aid in better achieving program goals. In this manuscript, we present the application of the 4-component instructional design model as a blueprint to the development of Simulation Education Fellowships.

Frequency of high-grade squamous cervical lesions among women over age 65 years living with HIV.

Background: Current US cervical cancer screening guidelines recommend screening cessation at the age of 65 years provided women have adequate previous screening and no history of precancer. Women living with HIV are at higher risk of cervical cancer than women living without HIV. Furthermore, limited data exists to quantify the risk of cervical cancer among women who otherwise would qualify for screening cessation.

Unnecessary Abdominal Surgeries in Attacks of Hereditary Angioedema with Normal C1 Inhibitor.

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an autosomal dominant disease mostly due to the deficiency of C1 inhibitor (C1-INH). HAE with normal C1-INH was first described in 2000 and associated with mutations in the coagulation factor XII in 2006. Both diseases are associated with high bradykinin production, resulting in increased vascular permeability.

Surgical Correction of the "Gummy Smile".

The delineation of excessive gingival display and review of current treatment options. Discussion over periodontal and prosthetic treatments, mucosal stripping procedures, myotomies, Botox therapy, and orthognathic procedures for correction of the "gummy smile."

Psychological experience and coping strategies of patients in the Northeast US delaying care for infertility during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: On March 17, 2020 an expert ASRM task force recommended the temporary suspension of new, non-urgent fertility treatments during an ongoing world-wide pandemic of Covid-19. We surveyed at the time of resumption of fertility care the psychological experience and coping strategies of patients pausing their care due to Covid-19 and examined which factors were associated and predictive of resilience, anxiety, stress and hopefulness.

Methods: Cross sectional cohort patient survey using an anonymous, self-reported, single time, web-based, HIPPA compliant platform (REDCap).

The Addition of High-Technology Into the Stop the Bleed Program Among School Personnel Improves Short-Term Skill Application, Not Long-Term Retention.

Introduction: The Stop the Bleed (STB) program trains the general public on identifying and treating life-threatening bleeding. Data on efficacy and retention of skills taught through this program are limited, with the role of high-technology modalities to augment the program, such as simulation and feedback devices, untested.

Methods: A convenience sample of 66 school personnel participated in an open-label observational study from January to August 2019.

Rethinking Second-Line Therapy for Overactive Bladder to Improve Patient Access to Treatment Options.

Idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB) is a chronic condition that negatively affects quality of life, and oral medications are an important component of the OAB treatment algorithm. Recent literature has shown that anticholinergics, the most commonly prescribed oral medication for the treatment of OAB, are associated with cognitive side effects including dementia. β3-adrenoceptor agonists, the only alternative oral treatment for OAB, are similar in efficacy to anticholinergics with a more favorable side effect profile without the same cognitive effects.

Pediatric Endocrinology in the Time of COVID-19: Considerations for the Rapid Implementation of Telemedicine and Management of Pediatric Endocrine Conditions.

Background: Pediatric endocrine practices had to rapidly transition to telemedicine care at the onset of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. For many, it was an abrupt introduction to providing virtual healthcare, with concerns related to quality of patient care, patient privacy, productivity, and compensation, as workflows had to change.

Summary: The review summarizes the common adaptations for telemedicine during the pandemic with respect to the practice of pediatric endocrinology and discusses the benefits and potential barriers to telemedicine.

Inhibition of B cell activation following co-engagement of B cell antigen receptor and Fcγ receptor IIb in non-autoimmune-prone and SLE-prone mice.

Engagement of Fcγ receptor IIb (FcγRIIb) suppresses B cell activation and represents a promising target for therapy in autoimmunity. Obexelimab is a non-depleting anti-human CD19 mAb with an Fc region engineered to have high affinity for human FcγRIIb, thereby co-engaging BCR and FcγRIIb. To assess its ability to suppress B cell activation , we generated non-autoimmune-prone C57BL/6 (B6) and SLE-prone NZM 2328 (NZM) mice in which the human FcγRIIb extracellular domain was knocked into the mouse locus (B6.

Perspectives from the Society for Pediatric Research: Probiotic use in urinary tract infections, atopic dermatitis, and antibiotic-associated diarrhea: an overview.

Probiotics have received significant attention within both the scientific and lay communities for their potential health-promoting properties, including the treatment or prevention of various conditions in children. In this article, we review the published data on use of specific probiotic strains for three common pediatric conditions: the prevention of urinary tract infections and antibiotic-associated diarrhea and the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Research into the utility of specific probiotic strains is of varying quality, and data are often derived from small studies and case series.