Behavioral Interventions for Migraine.

Biobehavioral interventions for migraine incorporate both physiologic and psychological factors. This article details treatments for migraine management and prevention, ranging from traditional to newly emerging interventions. Similarly, this article reviews key person-related factors that may affect migraine prevalence and management.

New Perspective for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation Site Selection in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Based on Meta- and Functional Connectivity Analyses.

Background: Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has been widely used to treat mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, there exists no consensus on the best stimulation sites.

Objective: To explore potential stimulation locations for NIBS treatment in patients with MCI, combining meta- and resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) analyses.

Enablers and Barriers to Implementing ICU Follow-Up Clinics and Peer Support Groups Following Critical Illness: The Thrive Collaboratives.

Objectives: Data are lacking regarding implementation of novel strategies such as follow-up clinics and peer support groups, to reduce the burden of postintensive care syndrome. We sought to discover enablers that helped hospital-based clinicians establish post-ICU clinics and peer support programs, and identify barriers that challenged them.

Design: Qualitative inquiry.

Key mechanisms by which post-ICU activities can improve in-ICU care: results of the international THRIVE collaboratives.

Objective: To identify the key mechanisms that clinicians perceive improve care in the intensive care unit (ICU), as a result of their involvement in post-ICU programs.

Methods: Qualitative inquiry via focus groups and interviews with members of the Society of Critical Care Medicine's THRIVE collaborative sites (follow-up clinics and peer support). Framework analysis was used to synthesize and interpret the data.

Gata4 regulates hedgehog signaling and Gata6 expression for outflow tract development.

Dominant mutations of Gata4, an essential cardiogenic transcription factor (TF), were known to cause outflow tract (OFT) defects in both human and mouse, but the underlying molecular mechanism was not clear. In this study, Gata4 haploinsufficiency in mice was found to result in OFT defects including double outlet right ventricle (DORV) and ventricular septum defects (VSDs). Gata4 was shown to be required for Hedgehog (Hh)-receiving progenitors within the second heart field (SHF) for normal OFT alignment.

The relationship between hippocampal volume, chronic pain, and depressive symptoms in older adults.

We aimed to test the hypothesis that the effect of chronic pain on depressive symptoms is mediated through hippocampal volume (HV). Participants were 131 non-demented adults over the age of 70 years from the Einstein Aging Study. Smaller right and left HV were both associated with higher depressive symptoms, but only smaller right HV was associated with chronic pain.

Central IGF-1 protects against features of cognitive and sensorimotor decline with aging in male mice.

Disruptions in growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) signaling have been linked to improved longevity in mice and humans. Nevertheless, while IGF-1 levels are associated with increased cancer risk, they have been paradoxically implicated with protection from other age-related conditions, particularly in the brain, suggesting that strategies aimed at selectively increasing central IGF-1 action may have favorable effects on aging. To test this hypothesis, we generated inducible, brain-specific (TRE-IGF-1 × Camk2a-tTA) IGF-1 (bIGF-1) overexpression mice and studied effects on healthspan.

Effects of β-Adrenergic Antagonists on Chemoradiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Introduction: Locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is highly resistant to chemoradiotherapy, and many cancer patients experience chronic stress. Studies that suggest stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) promotes tumor invasion and therapy resistance. We investigated whether β-AR inhibition with beta-blockers acts as a chemotherapy and radiation sensitizer in vitro and in patients treated with chemoradiation for locally advanced NSCLC.

Triggers of Lapse and Relapse of Diet and Exercise in Behavioral Weight Loss.

Objective: This study aimed to (1) develop instruments to evaluate situations that lead to lapse and relapse in diet and exercise and (2) prospectively investigate when and which psychosocial situations predict failure to lose weight in a clinical trial of intentional weight loss.

Methods: Participants were 469 individuals with overweight or obesity participating in a behavioral weight loss program (age: mean = 53.6 years, SD = 11.

Workforce, Workload, and Burnout Among Intensivists and Advanced Practice Providers: A Narrative Review.

Objectives: To assess-by literature review and expert consensus-workforce, workload, and burnout considerations among intensivists and advanced practice providers.

Design: Data were synthesized from monthly expert consensus and literature review.

Setting: Workforce and Workload section workgroup of the Academic Leaders in Critical Care Medicine Task Force.

Local anesthetics and regional anesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain in adults and children: A Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis update.

Background: Regional anesthesia may mitigate the risk of persistent postoperative pain (PPP). This Cochrane review, published originally in 2012, was updated in 2017.

Methods: We updated our search of Cochrane CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL to December 2017.

Targeted sequencing to discover germline variants in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in a Russian population and their association with breast cancer risk.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumor suppressor genes involved in the repair of DNA damage and transcriptional regulation of the cell cycle. Alterations in BRCA1/2 lead to production of functionally defective proteins that impair DNA repair. Certain mutant variants of BRCA1/2 are strongly associated with increased risk of breast and ovarian cancers, with emerging data on association with other types of cancer.

virulence factors, including listeriolysin O, are secreted in biologically active extracellular vesicles.

Outer membrane vesicles produced by Gram-negative bacteria have been studied for half a century but the possibility that Gram-positive bacteria secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) was not pursued until recently due to the assumption that the thick peptidoglycan cell wall would prevent their release to the environment. However, following their discovery in fungi, which also have cell walls, EVs have now been described for a variety of Gram-positive bacteria. EVs purified from Gram-positive bacteria are implicated in virulence, toxin release, and transference to host cells, eliciting immune responses, and spread of antibiotic resistance.

Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain in adults and children.

Background: Regional anaesthesia may reduce the rate of persistent postoperative pain (PPP), a frequent and debilitating condition. This review was originally published in 2012 and updated in 2017.

Objectives: To compare local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for the prevention of PPP beyond three months in adults and children undergoing elective surgery.

Tbx20 Is Required in Mid-Gestation Cardiomyocytes and Plays a Central Role in Atrial Development.

Rationale: Mutations in the transcription factor TBX20 (T-box 20) are associated with congenital heart disease. Germline ablation of Tbx20 results in abnormal heart development and embryonic lethality by embryonic day 9.5.

Control of cardiac jelly dynamics by NOTCH1 and NRG1 defines the building plan for trabeculation.

In vertebrate hearts, the ventricular trabecular myocardium develops as a sponge-like network of cardiomyocytes that is critical for contraction and conduction, ventricular septation, papillary muscle formation and wall thickening through the process of compaction . Defective trabeculation leads to embryonic lethality or non-compaction cardiomyopathy (NCC) . There are divergent views on when and how trabeculation is initiated in different species.

Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain in adults and children.

Background: Regional anaesthesia may reduce the rate of persistent postoperative pain (PPP), a frequent and debilitating condition. This review was originally published in 2012 and updated in 2017.

Objectives: To compare local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for the prevention of PPP beyond three months in adults and children undergoing elective surgery.

Associations between ACE-Inhibitors, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers, and Lean Body Mass in Community Dwelling Older Women.

Studies suggest that ACE-inhibitors (ACE-I) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may preserve skeletal muscle with aging. We evaluated longitudinal differences in lean body mass (LBM) among women diagnosed with hypertension and classified as ACE-I/ARB users and nonusers among Women's Health Initiative participants that received dual energy X-ray absorptiometry scans to estimate body composition (=10,635) at baseline and at years 3 and 6 of follow-up. Of those, 2642 were treated for hypertension at baseline.

Notch signaling regulates Hey2 expression in a spatiotemporal dependent manner during cardiac morphogenesis and trabecular specification.

Hey2 gene mutations in both humans and mice have been associated with multiple cardiac defects. However, the currently reported localization of Hey2 in the ventricular compact zone cannot explain the wide variety of cardiac defects. Furthermore, it was reported that, in contrast to other organs, Notch doesn't regulate Hey2 in the heart.

18F-florbetapir Positron Emission Tomography-determined Cerebral β-Amyloid Deposition and Neurocognitive Performance after Cardiac Surgery.

Background: Amyloid deposition is a potential contributor to postoperative cognitive dysfunction. The authors hypothesized that 6-week global cortical amyloid burden, determined by F-florbetapir positron emission tomography, would be greater in those patients manifesting cognitive dysfunction at 6 weeks postoperatively.

Methods: Amyloid deposition was evaluated in cardiac surgical patients at 6 weeks (n = 40) and 1 yr (n = 12); neurocognitive function was assessed at baseline (n = 40), 6 weeks (n = 37), 1 yr (n = 13), and 3 yr (n = 9).

Multimodal Encoding of Novelty, Reward, and Learning in the Primate Nucleus Basalis of Meynert.

Associative learning is crucial for daily function, involving a complex network of brain regions. One region, the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM), is a highly interconnected, largely cholinergic structure implicated in multiple aspects of learning. We show that single neurons in the NBM of nonhuman primates (NHPs; = 2 males; ) encode learning a new association through spike rate modulation.

Critical Care Organizations: Building and Integrating Academic Programs.

Objective: Academic medical centers in North America are expanding their missions from the traditional triad of patient care, research, and education to include the broader issue of healthcare delivery improvement. In recent years, integrated Critical Care Organizations have developed within academic centers to better meet the challenges of this broadening mission. The goal of this article was to provide interested administrators and intensivists with the proper resources, lines of communication, and organizational approach to accomplish integration and Critical Care Organization formation effectively.

The HELP-Based DNA Methylation Assays.

Restriction enzymes have been valuable tools for representing the genome for DNA methylation assays, whether by using methylation-dependent enzymes or by sampling a reduced representation of the genome using a methylation-insensitive enzyme. These survey assays have remained mainstays of genome-wide approaches even with the development of more comprehensive shotgun genome-wide bisulphite sequencing-based assays, as they are significantly more affordable. DNA methylation survey assays are numerous and include reduced representation bisulphite sequencing (RRBS), the Illumina HumanMethylation450K and EPIC microarray system, and our evolving series of HELP-based assays.

Inhibition of colorectal cancer genomic copy number alterations and chromosomal fragile site tumor suppressor FHIT and WWOX deletions by DNA mismatch repair.

Homologous recombination (HR) enables precise DNA repair after DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) using identical sequence templates, whereas homeologous recombination (HeR) uses only partially homologous sequences. Homeologous recombination introduces mutations through gene conversion and genomic deletions through single-strand annealing (SSA). DNA mismatch repair (MMR) inhibits HeR, but the roles of mammalian MMR MutL homologues (MLH1, PMS2 and MLH3) proteins in HeR suppression are poorly characterized.

Hemodynamic Forces Sculpt Developing Heart Valves through a KLF2-WNT9B Paracrine Signaling Axis.

Hemodynamic forces play an essential epigenetic role in heart valve development, but how they do so is not known. Here, we show that the shear-responsive transcription factor KLF2 is required in endocardial cells to regulate the mesenchymal cell responses that remodel cardiac cushions to mature valves. Endocardial Klf2 deficiency results in defective valve formation associated with loss of Wnt9b expression and reduced canonical WNT signaling in neighboring mesenchymal cells, a phenotype reproduced by endocardial-specific loss of Wnt9b.