Breast cancer survivorship care during the COVID-19 pandemic within an urban New York Hospital System.

Purpose: To examine clinicodemographic determinants associated with breast cancer survivorship follow-up during COVID-19.

Methods: We performed a retrospective, population-based cohort study including early stage (Stage I-II) breast cancer patients who underwent resection between 2006 and 2018 in a New York City hospital system. The primary outcome was oncologic follow-up prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Manifesto for an ECNP Neuromodulation Thematic Working Group (TWG): Non-invasive brain stimulation as a new Super-subspecialty.

Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) techniques and in particular, repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), are developing beyond mere clinical application. Although originally purposed for the treatment of resistant neuropsychiatric disorders, NIBS is also contributing to a deeper understanding of psychiatric disorders. rTMS is also changing the model of the disorder itself, from "mental" to one of neural connectivity.

Implicit Bias Recognition and Management in Interpersonal Encounters and the Learning Environment: A Skills-Based Curriculum for Medical Students.

Introduction: Students desire instruction in skill development to address both their own implicit biases and bias perceived in the learning environment. Curricula to date achieve strategy identification through reflection and discussion but do not provide opportunity for personally relevant skill development and practice in implicit bias recognition and management. To address this gap, we developed and evaluated a skills-based elective in implicit bias recognition and management focused on learners' own interpersonal interactions, including patient encounters, and perceived bias in the learning environment.

Longitudinal progression of clinical variables associated with graded liver injury in COVID-19 patients.

Background: Hospital-acquired liver injury is associated with worse outcomes in COVID-19. This study investigated the temporal progression of clinical variables of in-hospital liver injury in COVID-19 patients.

Methods: COVID-19 patients (n = 1361) were divided into no, mild and severe liver injury (nLI, mLI and sLI) groups.

Induction of interferon signaling and allograft inflammatory factor 1 in macrophages in a mouse model of breast cancer metastases.

Metastatic breast cancer cells recruit macrophages (metastasis-associated macrophages, or MAMs) to facilitate their seeding, survival and outgrowth. However, a comprehensive understanding of the gene expression program in MAMs and how this program contributes to metastasis remain elusive. We compared the transcriptomes of MAMs recruited to lung metastases and resident alveolar macrophages (RAMs) and identified a large variety of differentially expressed genes and their associated signaling pathways.

Perspectives on the current state of pre-clerkship clinical reasoning instruction in United States medical schools: a survey of clinical skills course directors.

Objectives: Clinical reasoning skills are essential for sound medical decision-making. Though many have suggested that clinical reasoning instruction should begin in pre-clerkship curricula, neither pre-clerkship clinical skills director perspectives nor extent of instruction is known. This survey study serves as part of a needs assessment for United States medical school pre-clerkship clinical reasoning curricula.

Evaluation of the Abbott ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab combo assay for determining recent HIV-1 infection.

Background: Given the challenges and costs associated with implementing HIV-1 incidence assay testing, there is great interest in evaluating the use of commercial HIV diagnostic tests for determining recent HIV infection. A diagnostic test with the capability of providing reliable data for the determination of recent HIV infection without substantial modifications to the test protocol would have a significant impact on HIV surveillance. The Abbott ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo Assay is an antigen/antibody immunoassay, which meets the criteria as the first screening test in the recommended HIV laboratory diagnostic algorithm for the United States.

Machine learning classification of texture features of MRI breast tumor and peri-tumor of combined pre- and early treatment predicts pathologic complete response.

Purpose: This study used machine learning classification of texture features from MRI of breast tumor and peri-tumor at multiple treatment time points in conjunction with molecular subtypes to predict eventual pathological complete response (PCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Materials And Method: This study employed a subset of patients (N = 166) with PCR data from the I-SPY-1 TRIAL (2002-2006). This cohort consisted of patients with stage 2 or 3 breast cancer that underwent anthracycline-cyclophosphamide and taxane treatment.

Evidence-based Definition for Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.

Until 2020, extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) was defined as TB with resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid (multidrug-resistant TB [MDR-TB]), any fluoroquinolone (FQ), and any second-line injectable drug (SLID). In 2019, the World Health Organization issued new recommendations for treating patients with drug-resistant TB, substantially limiting the role of SLIDs in MDR-TB treatment and thus putting the definition of XDR-TB into question. To propose an up-to-date definition for XDR-TB.

The Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Mortality Among Patients With COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

To determine the effect of COVID-19 convalescent plasma on mortality, we aggregated patient outcome data from 10 randomized clinical trials, 20 matched control studies, 2 dose-response studies, and 96 case reports or case series. Studies published between January 1, 2020, and January 16, 2021, were identified through a systematic search of online PubMed and MEDLINE databases. Random effects analyses of randomized clinical trials and matched control data demonstrated that patients with COVID-19 transfused with convalescent plasma exhibited a lower mortality rate compared with patients receiving standard treatments.

Automated multi-class brain tumor types detection by extracting RICA based features and employing machine learning techniques.

Among the other cancer types, the brain tumor is one the leading cause of cancer across globe. If the tumor is properly identified at an earlier stage, then the chances of the survival can be increased. To categorize the brain tumor there are several factors including texture, type and location of brain tumor.

Understanding vaccine hesitancy in COVID-19.

Vaccines are one of the greatest medical innovations of all time, but there has been skepticism about them throughout history. Although initial concerns about scarcity increased public demand for COVID-19 vaccines, as supply meets demand, vaccine hesitancy may become a defining theme of the next stage of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Addressing unmet needs for diagnosis and management of chronic cough in the primary care setting.

Chronic cough (i.e. cough lasting >8 weeks) has a global prevalence of approximately 10% and is associated with substantial patient burden, including social, psychological, and physical impairments.

Ddx41 inhibition of DNA damage signaling permits erythroid progenitor expansion in zebrafish.

DEAD-box Helicase 41 (DDX41) is a recently identified factor mutated in hematologic malignancies whose function in hematopoiesis is unknown. Using an in vivo model of Ddx41 deficiency, we unveiled a critical role for this helicase in regulating erythropoiesis. We demonstrated that loss of ddx41 leads to anemia caused by diminished proliferation and defective differentiation of erythroid progenitors.

"We'll be able to take care of ourselves" - A qualitative study of client attitudes toward implementing buprenorphine treatment at syringe services programs.

Syringe services programs (SSPs) complement substance use disorder treatment in providing services that improve the health of people who use drugs (PWUD). Buprenorphine treatment is an effective underutilized opioid use disorder treatment. Regulations allow buprenorphine prescribing from office-based settings, potentially including SSPs although few studies have examined this approach.

Functional Antibodies in COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma.

In the absence of an effective vaccine or monoclonal therapeutic, transfer of convalescent plasma (CCP) was proposed early in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic as an easily accessible therapy. However, despite the global excitement around this historically valuable therapeutic approach, results from CCP trials have been mixed and highly debated. Unlike other therapeutic interventions, CCP represents a heterogeneous drug.

Prognostic Value of Learning and Retention Measures from the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test to Identify Incident Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Objective: To compare the predictive validity of learning and retention measures from the picture version of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test with Immediate Recall (pFCSRT + IR) for identifying incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods: Learning was defined by the sum of free recall (FR) and retention by delayed free recall (DFR) tested 15-20 min later. Totally, 1422 Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) participants (mean age 69.

Low ADAMTS13 Activity Correlates with Increased Mortality in COVID-19 Patients.

The causes of coagulopathy associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the relationship between von Willebrand factor (VWF) biomarkers, intravascular hemolysis, coagulation, and organ damage in COVID-19 patients and study their association with disease severity and mortality. We conducted a retrospective study of 181 hospitalized COVID-19 patients randomly selected with balanced distribution of survivors and nonsurvivors.