Liver-innervating vagal sensory neurons are indispensable for the development of hepatic steatosis and anxiety-like behavior in diet-induced obese mice.

The visceral organ-brain axis, mediated by vagal sensory neurons, is essential for maintaining various physiological functions. Here, we investigate the impact of liver-projecting vagal sensory neurons on energy balance, hepatic steatosis, and anxiety-like behavior in mice under obesogenic conditions. A small subset of vagal sensory neurons innervate the liver and project centrally to the nucleus of the tractus solitarius, area postrema, and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, and peripherally to the periportal areas in the liver.

Characteristics of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis and their association with treatment outcomes: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: There are few data on the treatment of children and adolescents with multidrug-resistant (MDR) or rifampicin-resistant (RR) tuberculosis, especially with more recently available drugs and regimens. We aimed to describe the clinical and treatment characteristics and their associations with treatment outcomes in this susceptible population.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Histoplasmosis in a Solid Organ Transplant Patient in a Non-Endemic Region in New York City.

Objective: To present the case of a solid organ transplant recipient with Histoplasmosis in New York City.

Case Report: We present a 39-year-old female liver transplant recipient, who experienced a two-week history of progressive shortness of breath and dyspnea on exertion that interfered with all activities of daily living. Physical examination by the team revealed the patient had a WBC of 11.

Clinical outcomes of patients with unsuccessful mechanical thrombectomy versus best medical management of medium vessel occlusion stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory.

Background: Current randomized controlled trials are investigating the efficacy and safety of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with medium vessel occlusion (MeVO) stroke. Whether best medical management (MM) is more efficient than unsuccessful vessel recanalization during MT remains unknown.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using data from 37 academic centers across North America, Asia, and Europe between September 2017 and July 2021.

Clinical use of measurable residual disease in adult ALL: recommendations from a panel of U.S. experts.

Measurable residual disease (MRD) is a powerful predictor of clinical outcomes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In addition to its clear prognostic importance, MRD information is increasingly used in clinical decision algorithms to guide therapeutic interventions. While it is well-established that achievement of MRD-negative remission is an important endpoint of ALL therapy, the prognostic and therapeutic implications of MRD in an individual patient are influenced by both disease-related factors (e.

Transcriptomic Profiling and Tumor Microenvironment Classification Reveal Unique and Dynamic Immune Biology in HIV-Associated Kaposi Sarcoma.

Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is a vascular tumor originating from endothelial cells and is associated with human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV) infection. It disproportionately affects populations facing health disparities. Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved KS control in people with HIV (PWH), treatment options for advanced KS remain limited.

90-day Return to the Emergency Department Following Shoulder Arthroscopy: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Reasons.

Objectives: Return to the Emergency Department (ED) within 90-days following arthroscopic shoulder surgery represents a potential source of increased healthcare expenditures. Understanding the risk factors could bring about interventions aimed at reducing its prevalence.

Methods: A retrospective review of all shoulder arthroscopies undertaken at a single academic institution from February 2016 through November 2023 was performed.

Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue associations with postmenopausal breast cancer incidence.

Background: Obesity, classified by body mass index (BMI), is associated with higher postmenopausal breast cancer (BCa) risk. Yet, the associations between abdominal visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with BCa are unclear.

Methods: We assessed BCa associations with abdominal VAT and SAT in a prospective cohort of postmenopausal women without a history of cancer and with 27 years follow-up (N = 9950), during which all new cancers were adjudicated.

Influence of birthplace and age at migration on cognitive aging among Hispanic/Latino populations in the U.S.: Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL-INCA).

Background And Objectives: While Hispanic/Latino populations in the U.S. are remarkably diverse in terms of birthplace and age at migration, we poorly understand how these factors are associated with cognitive aging.

Distribution of opioid analgesics by community racial/ethnic and socioeconomic profiles, 2011-2021.

Rapid declines in opioid analgesics dispensed in American communities since 2011 raise concerns about inadequate access to effective pain management among patients for whom opioid therapies are appropriate, especially for those living in racial/ethnic minority and socioeconomically deprived communities. Using 2011 to 2021 national data from the Automated Reports and Consolidated Ordering System and generalized linear models, this study examined quarterly per capita distribution of oxycodone, hydrocodone, and morphine (in oral morphine milligram equivalents [MMEs]) by communities' racial/ethnic and socioeconomic profiles. Communities (defined by 3-digit-zip codes areas) were classified as "majority White" (≥50% self-reported non-Hispanic White population) vs "majority non-White.

Prescriptions (Rx) for Prevention: Clinical Tools for Integrating Environmental Health into Pediatric Clinical Care.

The integration of environmental health (EH) into routine clinical care for children is in its early stages. The vision of pediatric EH is that all clinicians caring for children are aware of and able to help connect families to needed resources to reduce harmful environmental exposures and increase health-enhancing ones. Environmental exposures include air pollution, substandard housing, lead, mercury, pesticides, consumer products chemicals, drinking water contaminants, industrial facility emissions and, increasingly, climate change-related extreme weather and heat events.

Results of ICE-Guided Isolation of the Superior Vena Cava With Pulsed Field Ablation.

Background: Earlier studies have documented the risk for sinoatrial node injury and phrenic nerve paralysis as complications following radiofrequency catheter ablation for electrical isolation of the superior vena cava (SVCI).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the safety and feasibility of SVCI in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing pulsed field ablation (PFA) METHODS: Six hundred sixteen consecutive patients undergoing PFA for pulmonary vein isolation plus SVCI were included in this multicenter analysis. Superior vena cava (SVC) ablation was performed under the continuous guidance of intracardiac echocardiography.

Interest in Injectable and Oral PrEP for HIV Prevention Among Women and Men Who Inject Drugs.

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) are at increased risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Women who inject are a particularly vulnerable group. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective, but access and uptake has been limited.

Development of the Migraine-Related Stigma (MiRS) Questionnaire: Results of the OVERCOME (US) Study.

Background: Stigma is emerging as an important social contributor to migraine-related disability and other outcomes. Currently, there are no published validated measures of migraine-specific measures of stigma.

Objectives: This secondary post hoc analysis of a cross-sectional cohort study aimed to develop a questionnaire to evaluate migraine-related stigma.

Rare but dangerous cause of non-purulent myopericarditis: a non-typhoidal infection.

We present a case of a young man in his early 20s who presented to the hospital with acute onset of central chest pain, preceded by epigastric fullness and diarrhoea 5 days after consuming a meal containing chicken products. Following an extensive evaluation, he was diagnosed with -associated myopericarditis. This case aims to raise awareness within the medical community about the cardiac effects of infection.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Use of Helicopter Transport After Severe Trauma in the US.

Importance: In the US, traumatic injuries are a leading cause of mortality across all age groups. Patients with severe trauma often require time-sensitive, specialized medical care to reduce mortality; air transport is associated with improved survival in many cases. However, it is unknown whether the provision of and access to air transport are influenced by factors extrinsic to medical needs, such as race or ethnicity.

Suppression of chemically induced mammary cancer by early-life oral administration of cholera toxin in mice is associated with aberrant regulation of Bmp and Notch signaling pathways.

Background: Lately, significant attention has been drawn towards the potential efficacy of cholera toxin (CT)-an exotoxin produced by the small intestine pathogenic bacterium Vibrio cholera-in modulating cancer-promoting events. In a recent study, we demonstrated that early-life oral administration of non-pathogenic doses of CT in mice suppressed chemically-induced carcinogenesis in tissues distantly located from the gut. In the mammary gland, CT pretreatment was shown to reduce tumor multiplicity, increase apoptosis and alter the expression of several cancer-related molecules.

Healthy Aging and the Gut Microbiome in People With and Without HIV.

Background: Aging-related comorbidities are more common in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) compared to people without HIV. The gut microbiome may play a role in healthy aging; however, this relationship remains unexplored in the context of HIV.

Methods: 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted on stool from 1409 women (69% with HIV; 2304 samples) and 990 men (54% with HIV; 1008 samples) in the MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study.

Cardiovascular and thromboembolic outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibitors in gastroesophageal cancer: a propensity score-matched cohort study.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and thromboembolic events. However, the incidence of cardiovascular and thromboembolic events associated with ICIs in gastroesophageal cancers is unknown.

Methods: We performed a propensity score-matched cohort study using the TriNetX Analytics Network database, which comprises de-identified data from over 130 participating healthcare institutions.