Random Pure Gaussian States and Hawking Radiation.

A black hole evaporates by Hawking radiation. Each mode of that radiation is thermal. If the total state is nevertheless to be pure, modes must be entangled.

Insights into the rapid metabolism of Geobacillus sp. LC300: unraveling metabolic requirements and optimal growth conditions.

This study investigated the metabolism of Geobacillus sp. LC300, a promising biorefinery host organism with high substrate utilization rates. A new defined medium was designed and tested that allows for exponential growth to elevated cell densities suitable for quantitative physiological studies.

Nuclear and magnetic spin structure of the antiferromagnetic triangular lattice compound LiCrTe investigated by [Formula: see text]SR, neutron and X-ray diffraction.

Two-dimensional (2D) triangular lattice antiferromagnets (2D-TLA) often manifest intriguing physical and technological properties, due to the strong interplay between lattice geometry and electronic properties. The recently synthesized 2-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide LiCrTe[Formula: see text], being a 2D-TLA, enriched the range of materials which can present such properties. In this work, muon spin rotation ([Formula: see text]SR) and neutron powder diffraction (NPD) have been utilized to reveal the true magnetic nature and ground state of LiCrTe[Formula: see text].

Next generation of labeling reagents for quantitative and multiplexing immunoassays by the use of LA-ICP-MS.

Immuno imaging by the use of Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is a growing research field in life sciences such as biology and biomedicine. Various element labeling strategies for antibodies have been developed for the application of multiplex immunoassays analyzed by the use of LA-ICP-MS. High multiplexing capabilities, a wide linear dynamic range and the possibility of absolute quantification are the main advantages of ICP-MS.

Dynamics inside the cancer cell attractor reveal cell heterogeneity, limits of stability, and escape.

The observed intercellular heterogeneity within a clonal cell population can be mapped as dynamical states clustered around an attractor point in gene expression space, owing to a balance between homeostatic forces and stochastic fluctuations. These dynamics have led to the cancer cell attractor conceptual model, with implications for both carcinogenesis and new therapeutic concepts. Immortalized and malignant EBV-carrying B-cell lines were used to explore this model and characterize the detailed structure of cell attractors.

Multiplex epitope mapping using bacterial surface display reveals both linear and conformational epitopes.

As antibody-based diagnosis and therapy grow at an increased pace, there is a need for methods which rapidly and accurately determine antibody-antigen interactions. Here, we report a method for the multiplex determination of antibody epitopes using bacterial cell-surface display. A protein-fragment library with 10(7) cell clones, covering 60 clinically-relevant protein targets, was created and characterized with massively parallel sequencing.

Can octupolar molecules be poled by an external electric field?

Octupolar molecules are generally believed to be of potential use in developing nonlinear optical materials owing to the fact that they do not easily form molecular aggregates. This is often put against the conjectured drawback that electric fields have no poling, or ordering, effect for this class of molecules because of the lack of a permanent ground state dipole moment. In this paper, we analyze this notion in some detail and present results from molecular dynamics computer simulations of an ensemble of a prototypical octupolar molecule, the 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) molecule, dissolved in chloroform.

Molecular dynamics simulations applied to electric field induced second harmonic generation in dipolar chromophore solutions.

Electric field induced second harmonic generation (EFISH) is an important experimental technique in extracting the first hyperpolarizability of an organic chromophore molecule. Such experiments are carried out in solutions with chromophore molecules dissolved in some common solvents. A known fact is that the first hyperpolarizabilities extracted from EFISH experiments are subject to the use of local field factors.

Interfacing Pichia pastoris cultivation with expanded bed adsorption.

For improved interfacing of the Pichia pastoris fed-batch cultivation process with expanded bed adsorption (EBA) technique, a modified cultivation technique was developed. The modification included the reduction of the medium salt concentration, which was then kept constant by regulating the medium conductivity at low value (about 8 mS/cm) by salt feeding. Before loading, the low conductivity culture broth was diluted only to reduce viscosity, caused by high cell density.

Production of poplar xyloglucan endotransglycosylase using the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris.

The gene XET16A encoding the enzyme xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET) from hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x tremuloides Mich) was transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115 and the enzyme was secreted to the medium. The influence of process conditions on the XET production, activity, and proteolytic degradation were examined. Inactivation of XET occurred in the foam, but could be decreased significantly by using an efficient antifoam.

Comparative analysis of the complete cag pathogenicity island sequence in four Helicobacter pylori isolates.

The cytotoxin-associated gene (cag) pathogenicity island (PAI) is important for the virulence of Helicobacter pylori. In this study, we have compared the complete nucleotide sequence of the cag PAI in four clinical isolates. These isolates were selected from patients matched for age and sex from the same geographical region.