Study the anticancer efficacy of doxorubicin-loaded redox-responsive chitosan-derived nanoparticles in the MDA-MB-231 cell line.

This study focuses on the design and evaluation of redox-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) by synthesizing disulfide-containing N-phthaloyl chitosan-SS-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (NPC-SS-mPEG) and incorporating the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin into the NPs. The structural features of NPC-SS-mPEG were investigated using FTIR, NMR, XRD, and TGA/DTA analysis. DLS and TEM analysis confirmed the particle size and morphology of the NPs.

Short interfering RNA in colorectal cancer: is it wise to shoot the messenger?

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the leading cause of gastrointestinal cancer death. 90% of people diagnosed with colorectal cancer are over the age of 50; nevertheless, the illness is more aggressive among those detected at a younger age. Chemotherapy-based treatment has several adverse effects on both normal and malignant cells.

Oral microbiota in cancer: could the bad guy turn good with application of polyphenols?

The human oral cavity is comprised of dynamic and polynomial microbes which uniquely reside in the microenvironments of oral cavities. The cumulative functions of the symbiotic microbial communities maintain normal homeostasis; however, a shifted microbiota yields a dysbiosis state, which produces local and systemic diseases including dental caries, periodontitis, cancer, obesity and diabetes. Recent research reports claim that an association occurs between oral dysbiosis and the progression of different types of cancers including oral, gastric and pancreatic ones.

Chitosan based encapsulation increased the apoptotic efficacy of thymol on A549 cells and exhibited non toxic response in swiss albino mice.

Thymol is a plant-derived natural phenolic compound abundantly present in Thymus vulgaris species. In the present study, we developed a chitosan-based drug delivery system to deliver thymol to A549 cells. The physicochemical properties of thymol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (thymol-NP) were characterized using polyphasic techniques viz.

A perspective on the applications of furin inhibitors for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2.

Currently, the world is facing a pandemic of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19. Identifying key targets in the viral infection lifecycle is urgently needed for designing therapeutic strategies to combat the virus. Furin is a subtilisin-like proprotein convertase with diverse cellular functions.

Harnessing polyphenol power by targeting eNOS for vascular diseases.

Vascular diseases arise due to vascular endothelium dysfunction in response to several pro-inflammatory stimuli and invading pathogens. Thickening of the vessel wall, formation of atherosclerotic plaques consisting of proliferating smooth muscle cells, macrophages and lymphocytes are the major consequences of impaired endothelium resulting in atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure and many others. Decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability was found to be associated with anomalous endothelial function because of either its reduced production level by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) which synthesize this potent endogenous vasodilator from L-arginine or its enhanced breakdown due to severe oxidative stress and eNOS uncoupling.

Mitigation of oxidative stress with dihydroactinidiolide, a natural product against scopolamine-induced amnesia in Swiss albino mice.

The present work describes the neuroprotective efficacy of DHAc under escalated oxidative stress condition in scopolamine-induced amnesic mice. During the toxicity test of DHAc in mice, the acute dose (LD) is found to be 3.468 mg/kg bw and the sub-acute dose is 0.

Dihydroactinidiolide regulates Nrf2/HO-1 expression and inhibits caspase-3/Bax pathway to protect SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells from oxidative stress induced neuronal apoptosis.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) etiology has been studied for a long time and it is found to be multifaceted involving the accumulation of amyloid β and tau protein. Oxidative stress is an early event in AD associated neurodegeneration provoking neuronal death through mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of caspase-3. Therefore we tested the efficacy of dihydroactinidiolide (DHAc), a monoterpene lactone against the oxidative load involved in AD like pathological conditions induced by sodium dithionite, glutamate, amyloid β and colchicine in SH-SY5Y cells.

Thymol induces mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis via ROS generation, macromolecular damage and SOD diminution in A549 cells.

Background: Thymol is a monoterpene phenol found in thyme species plants. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of thymol and its molecular mechanism on non-small lung cancer (A549) cells.

Methods: The cytotoxic effect of thymol on A549 cells was assessed via MTT assay.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using canthaxanthin from Dietzia maris AURCCBT01 and their cytotoxic properties against human keratinocyte cell line.

Aim: Nano-biotechnologically synthesizing silver nanoparticles via canthaxanthin pigment extracted from Dietzia maris AURCCBT01 and assessing their cytotoxic therapeutic potential against human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) were the key objectives of this study.

Methods And Results: The pigment extracted from D. maris AURCCBT01 was identified as canthaxanthin using UV-VIS spectroscopy, FTIR, NMR ( H NMR and C NMR) and MS.

Fungal Pigments: Potential Coloring Compounds for Wide Ranging Applications in Textile Dyeing.

Synthetic pigments/non-renewable coloring sources used normally in the textile industry release toxic substances into the environment, causing perilous ecological challenges. To be safer from such challenges of synthetic colorants, academia and industries have explored the use of natural colorants such as microbial pigments. Such explorations have created a fervent interest among textile stakeholders to undertake the dyeing of textile fabrics, especially with fungal pigments.

Phytol loaded PLGA nanoparticles ameliorate scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction by attenuating cholinesterase activity, oxidative stress and apoptosis in Wistar rat.

Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an acquired neurological disorder of cognitive and behavioral impairments, with a long and progressive route. Currently, efforts are being made to develop potent drugs that target multiple pathological mechanisms that drive the successful treatment of AD in human beings. The development of nano-drug delivery systems has recently emerged as an effective strategy to treat AD.

Autophagy: A Potential Therapeutic Target of Polyphenols in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Autophagy is a conserved biological phenomenon that maintains cellular homeostasis through the clearing of damaged cellular components under cellular stress and offers the cell building blocks for cellular survival. Aberrations in autophagy subsidize to various human pathologies, such as dementia, cardiovascular diseases, leishmaniosis, influenza, hepatic diseases, and cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is the fifth common mortal type of liver cancer globally, with an inhomogeneous topographical distribution and highest incidence tripled in men than women.

Therapeutic potential of polyphenols in cardiovascular diseases: Regulation of mTOR signaling pathway.

Cardiovascular diseases comprise of non-communicable disorders that involve the heart and/or blood vessels and have become the leading cause of death worldwide with increased prevalence by age. mTOR is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase which plays a central role in many physiological processes including cardiovascular diseases, and also integrates various proliferative signals, nutrient and energy abundance and stressful situations. mTOR also acts as central regulator during chronic stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and deregulated autophagy which are associated with senescence.

Phytol loaded PLGA nanoparticles regulate the expression of Alzheimer's related genes and neuronal apoptosis against amyloid-β induced toxicity in Neuro-2a cells and transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans.

Amyloid β (Aβ) induced neurotoxicity has been postulated to initiate synaptic loss and subsequent neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The nanoparticles based drug carrier system is considered as a promising therapeutic strategy to combat this incurable disease. It was also found to inhibit cholinesterase activity and apoptosis mediated cell death in Neuro-2a cells.

Targeting STATs in neuroinflammation: The road less traveled!

JAK/STAT transduction pathway is a highly conserved pathway implicated in regulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, survival and apoptosis. Dysregulation of this pathway is involved in the onset of autoimmune, haematological, oncological, metabolic and neurological diseases. Over the last few years, the research of anti-neuroinflammatory agents has gained considerable attention.

Phytol ameliorated benzo(a)pyrene induced lung carcinogenesis in Swiss albino mice via inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis.

In the present study, the modulatory effect of phytol against benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] induced lung carcinogenesis was investigated in Swiss albino mice. During the experimental period, phytol treatment showed no adverse toxic effect and mortality to the experimental animals. Lung tumor was observed in B(a)P treated group and also in animals post-treated with low concentration (50 mg/kg) of phytol.

Exhibits Neuroprotective Effect Against Amyloid Beta 25-35 Peptide-Induced Toxicity in PC12 Cells.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with multiple pathological consequences such as oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, cholinergic deficit, amyloid plaques, and tangles formation. Hence, development of drugs with multiple targets will be effective in the treatment of AD. The present study aims at evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of against amyloid beta 25-35 (Aβ 25-35) induced toxicity in PC12 cells.

Gelidiella acerosa protects against Aβ 25-35-induced toxicity and memory impairment in Swiss Albino mice: an in vivo report.

Context: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is believed to develop due to deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide. Hence, efforts are being made to develop potent drug that target amyloid hypothesis.

Objective: The present study explores the effect of the seaweed Gelidiella acerosa (Forsskål) Feldmann & Hamel (Gelidiellaceae) against Aβ 25-35 peptide in Swiss albino mice.

Targeting miRNAs by polyphenols: Novel therapeutic strategy for cancer.

In the recent years, polyphenols have gained significant attention in scientific community owing to their potential anticancer effects against a wide range of human malignancies. Epidemiological, clinical and preclinical studies have supported that daily intake of polyphenol-rich dietary fruits have a strong co-relationship in the prevention of different types of cancer. In addition to direct antioxidant mechanisms, they also regulate several therapeutically important oncogenic signaling and transcription factors.

Bioactive effects of quercetin in the central nervous system: Focusing on the mechanisms of actions.

Quercetin, a ubiquitous flavonoid that is widely distributed in plants is classified as a cognitive enhancer in traditional and oriental medicine. The protective effects of quercetin for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and cerebrovascular diseases have been demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The free radical scavenging activity of quercetin has been well-documented, wherein quercetin has been observed to exhibit protective effects against oxidative stress mediated neuronal damage by modulating the expression of NRF-2 dependent antioxidant responsive elements, and attenuation of neuroinflammation by suppressing NF-κB signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT-1).

Molecular targets of curcumin for cancer therapy: an updated review.

In recent years, natural edible products have been found to be important therapeutic agents for the treatment of chronic human diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegeneration. Curcumin is a well-known diarylheptanoid constituent of turmeric which possesses anticancer effects under both pre-clinical and clinical conditions. Moreover, it is well known that the anticancer effects of curcumin are primarily due to the activation of apoptotic pathways in the cancer cells as well as inhibition of tumor microenvironments like inflammation, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis.

Neuroprotective effect of the marine macroalga Gelidiella acerosa: identification of active compounds through bioactivity-guided fractionation.

Context Gelidiella acerosa (Forsskål) Feldmann & G. Hamel (Rhodophyta-Gelidiales) is a marine red macroalga. Our previous work found that a benzene extract of G.

Antiaggregation Potential of Padina gymnospora against the Toxic Alzheimer's Beta-Amyloid Peptide 25-35 and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Property of Its Bioactive Compounds.

Inhibition of β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation in the cerebral cortex of the brain is a promising therapeutic and defensive strategy in identification of disease modifying agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since natural products are considered as the current alternative trend for the discovery of AD drugs, the present study aims at the evaluation of anti-amyloidogenic potential of the marine seaweed Padina gymnospora. Prevention of aggregation and disaggregation of the mature fibril formation of Aβ 25-35 by acetone extracts of P.

Assessment of mutagenic effect of G. acerosa and S. wightii in S. typhimurium (TA 98, TA 100, and TA 1538 strains) and evaluation of their cytotoxic and genotoxic effect in human mononuclear cells: a non-clinical study.

The marine red algae (Gelidiella acerosa and Sargassum wightii) possessing excellent antioxidant and anticholinesterase activity were subjected to toxicity evaluation for a deeper understanding of other bioprotective properties of seaweeds. Cytotoxic evaluation was done by trypan blue exclusion, and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays using human PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) and RBC (red blood cells) lysis assay using human erythrocytes. Mutagenicity of the seaweeds was analyzed by Ames salmonella mutagenicity test with the histidine dependent mutant strains TA 98, TA100 and TA 1538.