The Effect of Neutral Oligosaccharides on Reducing the Incidence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most destructive diseases associated with conditions of neonatal prematurity. Supplementation with enteral prebiotics may reduce the incidence of NEC, especially in infants who fed exclusively with breast-milk. Therefore, we compared the efficacy and safety of enteral supplementation of a prebiotic mixture (short chain galacto-oligosaccharides/long chain fructo-oligosaccharides [SCGOS/LCFOS]) versus no intervention on incidence of NEC in preterm infants.

The association of immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies with disease activity in seronegative rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease that is associated with progressive disability, systemic complications, and early death. The present study was aimed to investigate the level of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA isotypes and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody and to assess their association with disease severity based on disease activity score (DAS-28) in patients with IgM rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF) negative RA.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 62 RA patients with IgM-RF negative were assessed.

Multiple sclerosis and hyperprolactinemia: a case-control study.

Unlabelled: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of central nervous system which is characterized with demyelination. Prolactin, synthesized in the anterior pituitary cells, has a role in maturation of immune cells, suggesting its possible implication in autoreactivity. The aim of the current study is to investigate the role of hyperprolactinemia in MS.

The prediction role of D-dimer in recurrence of venous thromboembolism 1-year after anticoagulation discontinuing following idiopathic deep vein thrombosis.

Background: After discontinuing oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT), the recurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is greatest in the 1(st) year and gradually diminishes. D-dimer assay was proposed to be effective in selecting patients with idiopathic DVT. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of VTE recurrence after discontinuing OAT according to the results of D-dimer.

Effects of Levothyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone on bone loss in patients with primary hypothyroidism.

Objective: Previous studies on bone mineral density (BMD) abnormalities associated with hypothyroidism are scarce and not conclusive. The effect of thyroid hormone therapy on BMD has shown mixed results. The aim of the present study was to determine the severities of osteoporosis in female patients with hypothyroidism in comparison to healthy women.

Serum Levels of Melatonin and Oxidative Stress Markers and Correlation between Them in Infertile Men.

Introduction: Infertility is the problem of 15% of young couples in different societies. One of the factors that could affect fertility is oxidative stress. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the level of Melatonin, a free radical scavenger, and its correlation with oxidative biomarkers in infertile men.

Pattern of maxillofacial fractures: a 5-year analysis of 8,818 patients.

Background: This multicenter study assessed the demographics, prevalence, causes, types, treatment, and complications of maxillofacial (MF) fractures managed by MF surgeons nationwide.

Methods: This 5-year retrospective descriptive analytical chart study evaluated 8,818 patients treated for MF fractures from 2007 to 2012 at 11 medical centers. Parameters, including age, sex, cause of injury, site of injury, type of injury, fracture patterns, treatment modalities, and complications, were evaluated from patient charts and radiographs.

Relation between time to pregnancy and pregnancy outcome.

Background: Studies have shown significant correlation between time to pregnancy (TTP) and pregnancy outcomes. But understanding of these mechanisms may not be facilitated. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between TTP and pregnancy outcome.

Comparison of percutaneous versus open surgical techniques for placement of peritoneal dialysis catheter in children: A randomized clinical trial.

Unlabelled: Background This research compares the outcomes of percutaneous technique and open surgical peritoneal dialysis catheter placement in children.

Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, between 2010 and 2011,a total of 35 pediatric uremic patients were enrolled and randomized into two study groups. Follow up data included duration of operation (minute), duration of hospitalization (days) and onset time of peritoneal dialysis.

Is there a place for open intramedullary nailing in femoral shaft fractures?

Background: Femoral shaft fractures are among the most common fractures following high trauma injuries. Different kinds of treatment have been suggested for these injuries.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the results femoral fractures treated by mini open and close intramedullary nailing (IMN) technique.

Efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave therapy in frozen shoulder.

Background: Frozen shoulder has always been considered important because of the impact on the quality-of-life and long period of illness. Therefore, the use of noninvasive and safe techniques that can speed up the healing process of the disease is important.

Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial study on patients suffering from frozen shoulder who were referred to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences hospitals in 2011 and 2012.

First report on the lipid profile late after kawasaki disease in Iranian children.

Background: Concerns have been raised about the possibility of a predisposition of Kawasaki disease (KD) to abnormal lipid profile after an acute phase of disease, which can predispose them to premature atherosclerosis later in life. We determined the lipid profile of children late after KD, and compared it with controls.

Methods: This historical cohort was conducted on 32 subjects: 16 children with history of uncomplicated KD (age 11.

Complete bicornuate uterus with complete transverse vaginal septum.

Bicornuate uterus has two symmetric uterine cavities that are fused caudally and have some degree of communication between two cavities, usually at the uterine isthmus. A complete bicornuate uterus has a seperatory cleft of tissue that is extended to the internal OS. Lesser degree of septation of the two uterine horns has constitution, a partial bicornuate uterus.

Effectiveness of hysteroscopic repair of uterine lesions in reproductive outcome.

Background: Small intrauterine lesions such as septum, adhesion, polyp, and submucous myoma may be of greater significance in causing implantation failure, poor reproductive performance and abnormal uterine bleeding. We studied effectiveness of therapeutic intervention through operative hysteroscopy in improvement of pregnancy outcome and cessation of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in women with pregnancy and fertility problems.

Materials And Methods: This prospective cohort study was performed between 2003- 2009 on 65 patients with primary or secondary infertility, recurrent abortion and structural uterine lesions reported in sonography or hysterosalpingography.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy success rate and complications in patients with previous open stone surgery.

Purpose: To determine the effect of previous single or multiple open stone surgeries on percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) results and complications.

Materials And Methods: We reviewed medical records of 1422 patients who had been undergone PCNL in our institute between 1998 and 2011 by the same surgeon. Patients were divided into 3 groups.

Combination of atorvastatin/coenzyme Q10 as adjunctive treatment in congestive heart failure: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Background: Heart failure is one of the leading causes of mortality, is a final common pathway of several cardiovascular diseases, and its treatment is a major concern in the science of cardiology. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of addition of the coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10)/atorvastatin combination to standard congestive heart failure (CHF) treatment versus addition of atorvastatin alone on CHF outcomes.

Methods: This study was a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Developing a readiness assessment tool for weaning patients under mechanical ventilation.

Background: Mechanical ventilation is one of the major supportive interventions in intensive care units. Weaning the patients from mechanical ventilation and its related criteria are of great importance due to the related complications. As there is no comprehensive standard to allocate the time of weaning and due to lack of local research in this field, development of a comprehensive tool to measure patients' readiness for weaning from mechanical ventilation is essential.

Reducing the incidence of chronic lung disease in very premature infants with aminophylline.

Background: The objective of this study is to assess the safety and preventative effects of aminophylline on the incidence of chronic lung disease (CLD) in very premature infants.

Methods: This was a long follow-up randomized clinical trial. The prophylactic effect of aminophylline on the incidence of CLD was investigated in very premature infants.

Investigating the effect of family-focused nursing intervention on caregiver burden of the family members of the patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery in Isfahan Shahid Chamran Hospital during 2012.

Background: Family burden is defined as the problems, concerns, and unpleasant events affecting the patients undergoing coronary arteries' surgery, and is associated with these patients physical and psychological improvement. Nurses are in a good position to provide appropriate intervention. This study aimed to investigate the effect of family-focused nursing interventions on the burden of the family members of the patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery.

Outcome of adult onset systemic lupus erythematosus in Iran.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) survival in adult patients and its predictors in Iran.

Methods: The adult patients diagnosed with SLE and admitted to our referral general hospital from 1992 to 2011 were studied. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data at the time of diagnosis were obtained retrospectively and analyzed.

Atorvastatin effect on systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity: a double-blind randomized clinical trial.

We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of atorvastatin on systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI). Ninety patients with SLE were consented and randomized to receive either atorvastatin, 20 mg/day, or placebo for 3 months. The primary outcome was change in SLEDAI.

Electrocardiogram abnormalities and risk of cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality in old age: the Kahrizak Elderly Study (KES).

Resting electrocardioghic (ECG) abnormalities might be value for mortality prediction. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether ECG abnormalities are associated with increased mortality in older residents of Kahrizak Charity Foundation (KCF). A total of 247 participants ≥60-years of KES were enrolled in this study.

Significance of microRNA targeted estrogen receptor in male fertility.

Objective(s): Estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) mediates estrogen action in regulation of different levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis. It has a key role in spermatogenesis. Estrogen receptor alpha knock-out (ER koα) male mice were infertile and severe impairment in spermatogenesis and seminiferous tubules was observed.

Paraoxonase 3 activity and the ratio of antioxidant to peroxidation in the follicular fluid of infertile women.

Background: Paraoxonase-3 (PON3), as a high density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated lactonase, is capable of preventing the oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL). PON3 activity in follicular fluid (FF) is three times more than its activity in serum. However, the detailed role of PON3 in women's fertility remains unknown.