High Frequency of Tc22 and Th22 Cells in Myasthenia Gravis Patients and Their Significant Reduction after Thymectomy.

Objectives: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease accompanied by a thymic pathology and in most patients thymectomy (TE) is used as the therapeutic approach. Both B and T cells play an important role in MG pathogenesis.

Methods: Twelve pre- and post-TE MG patients and 12 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled.

Accuracy of Real-time Intratracheal Bedside Ultrasonography and Waveform Capnography for Confirmation of Intubation in Multiple Trauma Patients.

Background: A secure airway and effective ventilation are key components of advanced life support, and misplacement of endotracheal tube (ETT) can lead to morbidity in multiple trauma patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of ultrasound in diagnosis of direction for tracheal intubation.

Materials And Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 100 traumatic patients requiring intubation in 2016 in the Emergency Department of Al-Zahra and Kashani Medical Education Centers in Isfahan.

Bifrontal Epidermoid Cyst.

In this paper, we will present a case of a 63-year-old female with bifrontal epidermoid tumor who has gone under bilateral craniotomy. In a case report study, a 63-year-old female with a chief complaint of progressive headache that has been admitted to Department of Neurosurgery was studied. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed for better evaluation.

Enhancement of the Effectiveness of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy with Topical Corticosteroid in Treatment of Chronic Plantar Fasciitis: A Randomized Control Clinical Trial.

Background: Chronic recalcitrant plantar fasciitis is a disabling condition. We presumed if shock wave could increase the permeability of skin and facilitate penetration of topical corticosteroid through the skin; the combinational therapeutic effect would be stronger than using shock wave alone. The study purpose was to utilize the synergistic effect of shock wave and topical corticosteroid in treatment of plantar fasciitis.

Treatment of periorbital dark circles: Comparative study of carboxy therapy vs chemical peeling vs mesotherapy.

Objective: Evaluation and comparison of the efficacy and safety of 3 different modalities of treatment for dark circles that function via different modes of action.

Methods: In total, 45 female patients with periorbital hyperpigmentation were randomly selected to participate from those attending the outpatient dermatology clinic of Al-Zahraa University Hospital within a 6-month period. Patients were divided into 3 groups, and the groups were subjected to different types of therapy: group A, carboxy therapy; group B, chemical peel; and group C, vitamin C mesotherapy.

Ten-year trend in stroke incidence and its subtypes in Isfahan, Iran during 2003-2013.

As there was no evidence of long-term studies on stroke trend, stroke subtypes and its relationships to stroke risk factors and demographic characteristics in Iran, we aimed to evaluate the 10-year trend of stroke incidence and stroke subtypes in Isfahan, Iran. In a hospital-based retrospective study, 24186 cases with the first-ever stroke were analyzed. We assessed the incidence trend of annual stroke and its subtypes [ischemic stroke (IS) subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH)] during the years 2003 to 2013 by sex, and studied the association of demographic and major stroke risk factors with incidence and mortality rate of stroke.

Phase sensitive reconstruction of T1-weighted inversion recovery in the evaluation of the cervical cord lesions in Multiple Sclerosis; is it similarly eligible in 1.5 T magnet fields?

Background: In primary studies with 3 T Magnets, phase sensitive reconstruction of T1-weighted inversion recovery (PSIR) have showed ability to depict the cervical multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions some of which may not be detected by short tau inversion recovery (STIR). Regarding to more availability of 1.5 T MRI, this study was designed to evaluate the eligibility of PSIR in 1.

Comparing the Effect of Adding Fentanyl, Sufentanil, and Placebo with Intrathecal Bupivacaine on Duration of Analgesia and Complications of Spinal Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section.

Background: Spinal anesthesia is the method of choice for most elective and emergency Cesarean sections. To increase the duration of anesthesia and improve the quality of analgesia during and after surgery, intrathecal opioids, as adjuvant drugs, are used in combination with local anesthetics.

Methods: This was a double-blind clinical trial performed on 99 patients.

Association between Newborns' Breastfeeding Behaviors in the First Two Hours After Birth and Drugs Used For Their Mothers in Labor.

Objective: Use of narcotics to relieve pain in labor affects neurobehavioral and nutritional conditions of newborns after birth. However, there are inadequate data on the effects of drugs currently used in labor. This study was performed to examine the association between newborns' breastfeeding behaviors in the first two hours after birth and drugs used for their mothers in labor in Isfahan, central Iran, from 2014 to 2016.

The Effects of De-Whiskering and Congenital Hypothyroidism on The Development of Nitrergic Neurons in Rat Primary Somatosensory and Motor Cortices.

Objectives: The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of chronic whisker deprivation on possible alterations to the development of nitrergic neurons in the whisker part of the somatosensory (wS1) and motor (wM1) cortices in offspring with congenital hypothyroidism (CH).

Materials And Methods: In the experimental study, CH was induced by adding propylthiouracil to the rats drinking water from embryonic day 16 to postnatal day (PND) 60. In whisker-deprived (WD) pups, all the whiskers were trimmed from PND 1 to 60.

Targetome Analysis Revealed Involvement of MiR-126 in Neurotrophin Signaling Pathway: A Possible Role in Prevention of Glioma Development.

Objectives: For the first time, we used molecular signaling pathway enrichment analysis to determine possible involvement of miR-126 and IRS-1 in neurotrophin pathway.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study, Validated and predicted targets (targetome) of miR-126 were collected following searching miRtarbase (http://mirtarbase.mbc.

Nutrition therapy for critically ill patients across the Asia-Pacific and Middle East regions: A consensus statement.

Background & Aims: Guidance on managing the nutritional requirements of critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) has been issued by several international bodies. While these guidelines are consulted in ICUs across the Asia-Pacific and Middle East regions, there is little guidance available that is tailored to the unique healthcare environments and demographics across these regions. Furthermore, the lack of consistent data from randomized controlled clinical trials, reliance on expert consensus, and differing recommendations in international guidelines necessitate further expert guidance on regional best practice when providing nutrition therapy for critically ill patients in ICUs in Asia-Pacific and the Middle East.

Delayed Hemorrhage in Kidney Transplantation: A Life-threatening Condition.

One of the most catastrophic complications of kidney transplantation is non-traumatic delayed bleeding caused by arterial dissection and pseudoaneurysm, endangering the survival of the graft and the patient. Herein, we discuss the management of this condition in 3 cases. The patients included 2 men, 30 and 47 years old, and a 33-year-old woman, who developed a massive hemorrhage in the second week after kidney transplant.

An 8-year study of people with multiple sclerosis in Isfahan, Iran: Association between environmental air pollutants and severity of disease.

The evidence for an impact of ambient air pollution on the incidence and severity of multiple sclerosis (MS) is still limited. In the present study, we assessed the association between daily air pollution levels and MS prevalence and severity in Isfahan city, Iran. Data related to MS patients has been collected from 2008 to 2016 in a referral university clinic.

Metabolic syndrome in Iranian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and its determinants.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Iranian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its determinants. In a cross-sectional study, 98 patients with SLE and 95 controls were enrolled. Prevalence of MetS was determined based on American Heart Association and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) and 2009 harmonizing criteria.

Comparison of Total Antioxidant Capacity of Saliva in Women with Gestational diabetes mellitus and Non-diabetic Pregnant Women.

Background: Pregnancy is considered a stressful event, results in higher levels of oxidative stress and considerable changes in physiological and metabolic functions such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Due to the cumulative effect of antioxidants and considering the controversies in this area, this study was undertaken to investigate the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of saliva in pregnant women whit gestational diabetes in comparison to non-diabetic pregnant women.

Material And Methods: In this cross-sectional study (2015-16), a total of 31 women with a diagnosis of GDM and 59 non-diabetic pregnant women were included in the diabetic and control groups, respectively.

Vitamin D Status in Small Vessel and Large Vessel Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Case-control Study.

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency is a globally widespread issue. Recent studies have reported a high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in Middle-East countries. Studies have shown negative effects of Vitamin D deficiency on endothelium and related diseases such as ischemic brain stroke.

Sensitivity analyses of four systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity indices in predicting the treatment changes in consecutive visits: a longitudinal study.

This study was conducted to assess the ability of the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group-2004 (BILAG-2004), the SLE Disease Activity Index-2K (SLEDAI-2K), the European Consensus Lupus Activity Measurement (ECLAM), and the Revised Systemic Lupus Activity Measure (SLAM-R) to detect the need to treatment change in daily clinical practice. One hundred and two patients with SLE were enrolled and followed up for 2 to 8 months and visited at least 3 times. Physician Global Assessment, BILAG-2004, SLEDAI-2K, SLAM-R, and ECLAM, were calculated in every visit.

Effectiveness of Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis (MIPO) on Comminuted Tibial or Femoral Fractures.

Background: Comminuted fractures happen frequently due to traumas. Fixation without opening the fracture site, known as minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO), has recently become prevalent. This study has been designed to assess the outcomes of this treatment for tibial and femoral comminuted fractures.

Detection of Pulmonary Nodules in Low-dose Computed Tomography Using Localized Active Contours and Shape Features.

Background: Pulmonary nodules are symptoms of lung cancer. The shape and size of these nodules are used to diagnose lung cancer in computed tomography (CT) images. In the early stages, nodules are very small, and radiologist has to refer to many CT images to diagnose the disease, causing operator mistakes.

Comparing the Effect of Labetalol versus Morphine on Controlling Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate during Emergence from Anesthesia after Craniotomy.

Background: Emergence from anesthesia is associated with sympathetic stimulation, increase in pulse and blood pressure. There are different methods, but the most appropriate method should be selected regarding the differences in nationalities. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of morphine and labetalol in controlling blood pressure and pulse during emergence from anesthesia in brain tumors craniotomy.

Diagnosis and management of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) in Iran: A consensus guideline and recommendations.

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is a relapsing neuro inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that typically presents with optic neuritis or myelitis and may cause severe disability. The diagnostic criteria have been updated and several immunosuppressive agents have been demonstrated to prevent acute exacerbations. As the disease rarely develops in a progressive course, management of acute attacks and proper prevention of exacerbations may change the long term out-come and prevent future disability.

Carotenoids as Potential Antioxidant Agents in Stroke Prevention: A Systematic Review.

Stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases are among the most common causes of death worldwide. Prevention of modifiable risk factors is a cost-effective approach to decrease the risk of stroke. Oxidative stress is regarded as the major flexible operative agent in ischemic brain damage.

Effect of Magnesium Supplement on Pregnancy Outcomes: A Randomized Control Trial.

Background: Magnesium (Mg) is an essential mineral required to regulate body temperature, nucleic acid, and protein synthesis with an important role in maintaining nerve and muscle cell electrical potentials. It may reduce fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia as well as increase birth weight. This study aimed to assess the effects of consuming Mg supplementation during pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes.