Estimated glomerular filtration rate's time to nadir after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy: Predictors and clinical significance on renal functional recovery.

Objectives: To investigate the impact of postoperative time to nadir of estimated glomerular filtration rate on renal functional changes after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy.

Methods: From 2006 to 2015, 287 patients with renal mass who underwent robot-assisted partial nephrectomy in a referral center were analyzed. The cohort was evaluated based on their time to develop nadir: group 1 (no nadir), group 2 (<48 h) and group 3 (≥48 h).

Chitosan coated PLGA nanoparticles amplify the ocular hypotensive effect of forskolin: Statistical design, characterization and in vivo studies.

Purpose: Enhancing the ocular hypotensive effect of forskolin (FK) by means of biodegradable chitosan (CS) coated poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NP's).

Methods: One step emulsion-sonication process was employed for the formulation of CS-PLGA NP's with optimization being carried out by employing a four factor four level Box Behnken Design. The physical and spectral characterization, drug release, permeation, confocal and ocular tolerance studies (ex-vivo &in vivo) were performed.

Morphological and genetical changes of endothelial progenitor cells after in-vitro conversion into photoreceptors.

Background: Retinal degeneration is a condition ensued by various ocular disorders such as artery occlusion, diabetic retinopathy, retrolental fibroplasia and retinitis pigmentosa which cause abnormal loss of photoreceptor cells and lead to eventual vision impairment. No efficient treatment has yet been found, however, the use of stem cell therapy such as bone marrow and embryonic stem cells has opened a new treatment modality for retinal degenerative diseases. The major goal of this study is to analyze the potential of endothelial progenitor cells derived from bone marrow to differentiate into retinal neural cells for regenerative medicine purposes.

Effects of inspiratory muscle training on pulmonary functions and muscle strength in sedentary hemodialysis patients.

[Purpose] This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Inspiratory Muscle Trainer (IMT) on respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary functions. [Subjects and Methods] Fifteen sedentary unemployed patients were recruited from both genders who received regular hemodialysis sessions from at least three months. Those patients received Threshold IMT program for 12 weeks.

Effects of single-dose, low-level laser therapy on pain associated with the initial stage of fixed orthodontic treatment: A randomized clinical trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the analgesic effect of a single application of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on spontaneous pain and pain on chewing after placement of initial archwires.

Methods: Forty-two patients (26 women, 16 men) were randomly recruited for this split-mouth randomized clinical trial. Each patient received super-elastic nickel-titanium (NiTi) initial archwires (0.

Recent Updates on Treatment of Ocular Microbial Infections by Stem Cell Therapy: A Review.

Ocular microbial infection has emerged as a major public health crisis during the past two decades. A variety of causative agents can cause ocular microbial infections; which are characterized by persistent and destructive inflammation of the ocular tissue; progressive visual disturbance; and may result in loss of visual function in patients if early and effective treatments are not received. The conventional therapeutic approaches to treat vision impairment and blindness resulting from microbial infections involve antimicrobial therapy to eliminate the offending pathogens or in severe cases; by surgical methods and retinal prosthesis replacing of the infected area.

Novel pyrimidine-pyridine hybrids: Synthesis, cyclooxygenase inhibition, anti-inflammatory activity and ulcerogenic liability.

Some derivatives containing pyrido[2,3-d:6,5d']dipyrimidine-4,5-diones (9a-f), tetrahydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carbonitriles (11a-c) and 6-(4-acetylphenyl)-2-thioxo-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-4-one (12) were synthesized from 6-amino-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrimidin-4-one (8). The anti-inflammatory effect of these candidates was determined and the ulcer indices were calculated for active compounds. 7-Amino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile (11c) exhibited better edema inhibition than celecoxib.

Design, synthesis, mechanistic and histopathological studies of small-molecules of novel indole-2-carboxamides and pyrazino[1,2-a]indol-1(2H)-ones as potential anticancer agents effecting the reactive oxygen species production.

A series of novel compounds carrying pyrazino[1,2-a]indol-1(2H)-one scaffold (5a-g) and their reaction intermediates, indole-2-carboxamides, (3a-g) were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, antioxidant activity and anticancer activity against a panel of cancer cell lines using MTT assay. The results showed that these compounds can inhibit ROS generation during the metabolic phase of phagocytosis in a dose-dependent manner where compounds 5d and 5e were the most potent samples with higher inhibitory activities (IC values 3.3 and 1.

The prevalence of malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment among adolescents in the northern border region of Saudi Arabia: an epidemiological study.

Background: To assess the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need among adolescents using the dental health component (DHC) of the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN).

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 (mean age 16.25 ± 1.

A Cohort Study of the Patterns of Third Molar Impaction in Panoramic Radiographs in Saudi Population.

Objectives: To evaluate the epidemiological patterns of third molar impaction in a cohort of patients living in the north of Saudi Arabia.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort study comprised of analysing 2550 Orthopantomograms (OPGs) belonging to patients who attended Aljouf University College of Dentistry between September 2013 and December 2015. OPGs were examined to determine the frequency of third molar impaction, their levels of eruption and angulations.

Higher Activities of Hepatic Versus Splenic CD8+ T Cells in Responses to Adoptive T Cell Therapy and Vaccination of B6 Mice with MHC Class-1 Binding Antigen.

The liver has unique microenvironment which is known to induce tolerance of cytolytic CD8+ T cells to hepatic and extra hepatic antigens, resulting in persistence of infection of the liver by the hepatitis B and C viruses. However, under some conditions, functional immune responses can be elicited in the liver in particular to show preferential retention of activated CD8+ T cells. It is not clear whether this retention depends on the type of the exogenous immunostimulatory or the endogenous innate immune cells.

Alterations of Hematological Parameters, Hemoglobin and Hematocrit With Liver Enzymes, Aspartate Transaminase and Alanine Transaminase Among Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis in Aljouf Region, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Anemia results from low kidney production of the erythropoiesis-stimulant erythropoietin. Good liver function is crucial to patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study analyzed two hematological parameters (hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht)) and two liver enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis (HD).

Dental prosthetic status and prosthetic needs of geriatric patients attending the College of Dentistry, Al Jouf University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Objective: To evaluate the dental prosthetic status and prosthetic needs of geriatric patients attending the College of Dentistry, Al Jouf University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Materials And Methods: Patients aged 60 years and above were included in this study. The World Health Organization oral health assessment pro forma was employed to record the data pertaining to the prosthetic status and prosthetic treatment needs of participants.

Olive oil and leaf extract prevent fluoxetine-induced hepatotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.

Olive oil and leaf extract have several health benefits; however, their beneficial effect against fluoxetine-induced liver injury has not been investigated. The present study aimed to scrutinize the impact of fluoxetine on the liver of rats and to evaluate the protective effects of olive oil and leaf extract. Rats received fluoxetine orally at dose of 10 mg/kg body weight for 7 consecutive days.

Modern biotechnology-based therapeutic approaches against HIV infection.

The causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Since its discovery before 30 years, a number of drugs known as highly active antiretroviral therapy have been developed to suppress the life cycle of the virus at different stages. With the current therapeutic approaches, ending AIDS means providing treatment to 35 million individuals living with HIV for the rest of their lives or until a cure is developed.

Metalaxyl Effects on Antioxidant Defenses in Leaves and Roots of L.

Overuse of pesticides has resulted in environmental problems, threating public health through accumulation in food chains. Phytoremediation is a powerful technique to clean up contaminated environments. However, it is necessary to unravel the metabolic mechanisms underlying phytoremediation in order to increase the efficiency of this process.

Novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as potential anticancer agents: Design, synthesis, molecular docking and mechanistic studies.

A series of novel compounds carrying 1,2,4-triazole scaffold was synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity against a panel of cancer cell lines using MTT assay. Compounds 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 10b, 10e, and 10 g showed remarkable antiproliferative activity against the tested cell lines. Compounds 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 10b, 10e, and 10 g with the least IC values in MTT assay were tested against three known anticancer targets including EGFR, BRAF and Tubulin.

Oxyphenbutazone promotes cytotoxicity in rats and Hep3B cellsvia suppression of PGE and deactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth leading cause of death and is generally typified by elevated liver enzyme biomarkers, antioxidants, and chronic inflammation of hepatocytes. Although currently available drugs have shown remarkable alleviation of the cancerous condition, but at the same time they present a more severe challenge of toxic effects due to chemotherapy. Therefore, in order to bring more patient-compliant therapy, we aimed to refurbish the use of a COX inhibitor, oxyphenbutazone (OPB), with low dose of methotrexate (MTX) to treat diethyl nitrosamine (DENA)-induced HCC in Wistar rats and in Hep3B cells.

Formulation and optimization of levofloxacin loaded chitosan nanoparticle for ocular delivery: In-vitro characterization, ocular tolerance and antibacterial activity.

In this study, chitosan nanoparticles (CH-NPs) were used to encapsulate antibacterial agent levofloxacin for the treatment of ocular infection. The chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method using chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate. The developed formulations were evaluated for various physicochemical parameters and optimized formulation was converted into the sol-gel system to enhance the corneal residence time.

Impact of a monolithic silicon detector operating in transmission mode on clinical photon beams.

Purpose: To investigate the effect on surface dose, as a function of different field sizes and distances from the solid water phantom to transmission detector (D), of using the monolithic silicon detector MP512T in transmission mode.

Methods: The influence of operating the MP512T in transmission mode on the surface dose of a phantom for SSD 100cm was evaluated by using a Markus IC. The MP512T was fixed to an adjustable stand holder and was positioned at different D, ranging from 0.

Comparison of dental bleaching effects of ozone and hydrogen peroxide: An ex vivo study.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of using ozone versus hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for tooth bleaching.

Methods: 90 extracted teeth were allocated into two groups. Teeth in Group 1 (n= 45) were exposed to ozone for 60 seconds; ozone was produced by healOzone x4 machine (healOzone x4), and was applied to teeth through special disposable silicone cups.

Evaluation of diphenhydramine in talc induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in Wistar rats.

Evaluation of diphenhydramine in talc induced type 2 diabetes mellitus was done in Wistar rats. Oral administration of Talc (10mg/kg)carried out for 21days increased the levels of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum creatinine, blood glucose, urea, uric acid and triglycerides (TGs), but when the animals were treated with diphenhydramine (DPH), the levels of the aforementioned biochemical parameters decreased significantly (p<0.0001).

Synthesis, molecular, electronic structure, linear and non-linear optical and phototransient properties of 8-methyl-1,2-dihydro-4H-chromeno[2,3-b]quinoline-4,6(3H)-dione (MDCQD): Experimental and DFT investigations.

Base catalysed ring opening ring closure (RORC) reaction of 6-methylchromone-3‑carbonitrile (1) with 1,3-cyclohexanedione afforded 8-methyl-1,2-dihydro-4H-chromeno[2,3-b]quinoline-4,6(3H)-dione (MDCQD). Theoretical calculations by Density Functional Theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) level of theory was utilized to illustrate the equilibrium geometries of MDCQD. Also, the nonlinear optical properties, simple harmonic vibrational frequencies, thermo-chemical parameters and Mullikan atomic charges were calculated.

Discovery of a COX-2 selective inhibitor hit with anti-inflammatory activity and gastric ulcer protective effect.

Aim: A novel series of 2-arylimino-5-arylidenethiazolidin-4-ones 12a-n were synthesized and all the target compounds were fully characterized by IR, H NMR, C NMR, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Materials & methods: All the target compounds were evaluated for their COX inhibition by enzyme immunoassay kit and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity.

Results: Tested compounds were found more potent inhibitors of COX-2 (IC = 0.