Initial Results of the Paul Ahmed Comparison (PAC) Study in Refractory Childhood Glaucoma.

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness and safety of the Paul glaucoma implant (PGI) to the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) in managing refractory childhood glaucoma.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Two clinical centers.

Sub retinal pigment epithelium hyporeflective spaces preceding large drusen collapse.

Purpose: To describe and study hyporeflective sub retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) spaces in large drusen and drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment prior to collapse.

Method: Retrospective longitudinal study which enrolled patients with large and very large drusen due to intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The following optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters were assessed: Drusen size (maximum width and height), OCT biomarkers of RPE atrophy, presence of intraretinal and subretinal fluid (IRF, SRF), acquired vitelliform lesion and sub RPE regions of hyporeflectivity within the PED compartment.

Retinal Ischemic Perivascular Lesions Are Associated With Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease.

Purpose: To evaluate the association of retinal ischemic perivascular lesions (RIPLs) with myocardial infarction (MI) among patients diagnosed with coronary artery diseases (CAD).

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Methods: Consecutive patients (317 patients) with CAD who underwent macular spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were captured.

Cystoid macular edema as a complication of central retinal artery occlusion.

Purpose: To describe the development of cystoid macular edema (CME) as a complication of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in 2 cases.

Observations: The first patient was a 51-year-old female who presented with acute loss of vision in the left eye. Multimodal retinal imaging revealed a CRAO with a perfused cilioretinal artery.

Transepithelial Enhanced Fluence Pulsed Light M Accelerated Crosslinking for Early Progressive Keratoconus with Chemically Enhanced Riboflavin Solutions and Air Room Oxygen.

Purpose: To assess the 3-year clinical results of the 18 mW 7 J/cm transepithelial enhanced fluence pulsed light M accelerated crosslinking in the treatment of progressive keratoconus (KC) with chemically enhanced hyper-concentrated riboflavin solutions without iontophoresis and with air-room oxygenation.

Setting: Siena Crosslinking Center, Siena, Italy.

Methods: Prospective pilot, open non-randomized interventional study including 40 eyes of 30 young adult patients over 21 years old (10 simultaneous bilateral) with early (Stage I and II) progressive KC undergoing TE-EFPL 18 mW/7 J/cm ACXL (EFPL M TECXL).

Long term results of accelerated 9 mW corneal crosslinking for early progressive keratoconus: the Siena Eye-Cross Study 2.

Purpose: To assess clinical results of the 9 mW/5.4 J/cm accelerated crosslinking (ACXL) in the treatment of progressive keratoconus (KC) over a span of 5 years.

Methods: The prospective open non-randomized interventional study (Siena Eye-Cross Study 2) included 156 eyes of 112 patients with early progressive KC undergoing the Epi-Off 9 mW/5.

Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery in Soft and Hard Nuclear Cataracts: A Comparison of Effective Phacoemulsification Time.

Purpose: To compare effective phacoemulsification time (EFX) in femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) versus traditional quick chop phacoemulsification (QCP) in senile nuclear cataracts with different densities focusing on soft and hard ones.

Patients And Methods: A prospective non-randomized comparative study was carried out in Al Watany Eye Hospital and Ain Shams University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt; 250 eyes with senile nuclear cataract (NC) were included and classified into two main groups, FLACS and QCP groups. Each of them was stratified according to nuclear density into three subgroups, subgroups I (Soft NC), II (Medium NC), and III (Hard NC).

Ultrasound-Energy Consumption During Phases of Phacoemulsification of Nuclear Cataracts Using Femtosecond Laser: A Comparative Study.

Purpose: To compare ultrasound (US) energy utilized in different phases of nuclear cataract removal in femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) with conventional phacoemulsification surgery (CPS) in relation to different nuclear densities.

Methods: A prospective nonrandomized comparative study was conducted at Ain Shams University and Al Watany Eye Hospital, Cairo, Egypt on 250 eyes with senile nuclear cataracts (NCs) of different nuclear densities (1-6). Eyes were divided into two groups - FLACS and CPS - and each group was subdivided according to cataract density into subgroups A (NC 1-2), B (NC 3-4) and C (NC 5-6).

Autologous Retinal Transplantation for Primary and Refractory Macular Holes and Macular Hole Retinal Detachments: The Global Consortium.

Purpose: To report the anatomic and functional outcomes of autologous retinal transplantation (ART).

Design: Multicenter, retrospective, interventional, consecutive case series.

Participants: One hundred thirty eyes of 130 patients undergoing ART for the repair of primary and refractory macular holes (MHs), as well as combined MH-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (MH-RRD), between January 2017 and December 2019.

FLACS in Congenital Iris Coloboma: A Useful Technique.

This paper reports the technique and outcome of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) in an iris coloboma patient (59-year-old male patient) with bilateral grade 3 cataractous lens and a shallow anterior chamber. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0 on logMAR with spherical equivalent (SE) 9 D in the right eye, and BCVA of 0.3 logMAR with a SE 8.

Pentacam HR Indices Variation in Normal Corneas with Different Corneal Thickness.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of variable corneal thickness on Pentacam HR diagnostic indices in normal corneas.

Methods: Retrospective study was conducted at Al Watany Eye Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. Consecutive 160 eyes of young myopic subjects without KC were evaluated using Pentacam HR (WaveLight Allegro Oculyzer II, Erlangen, Germany).

Topographic Asymmetry Indices: Correlation between Inferior Minus Superior Value and Index of Height Decentration.

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between decentration index (index of height decentration, IHD) automatically calculated by the Pentacam HR software and the manually calculated inferior minus superior (I-S) value.

Setting: Al Watany Eye Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.

Methods: In a retrospective study, history taking, clinical examination, and rotating Scheimpflug camera scanning (by Oculyzer II equivalent to Pentacam HR) were done to 128 eyes: 82 normal, 24 forme fruste keratoconus FFKC (apparently normal cornea with evident keratoconus in the fellow eye), and 22 keratoconus (KC).

New corneal assessment index from the relational thickness and other OCULUS values (CAIRO Index).

Purpose: The aim of this study was to find indices for keratoconus (KC) detection with higher sensitivity and specificity than the currently available ones with the rotating Scheimpflug imaging (Oculyzer I, Pentacam) software.

Patients And Methods: Data of 103 normal and 73 KC eyes imaged by Oculyzer I, including slit-lamp examination, refraction, Scheimpflug images, and follow-up data were collected. Logistic regression was done to find new indices with higher area under receiver operating characteristic curves using the currently available ones.

Effect of Age on Pentacam Keratoconus Indices.

Purpose: To assess the effect of age on elevation and pachymetric Pentacam keratoconus (KC) detection indices, and the need to adjust normative values accordingly.

Methods: In a retrospective study, 95 eyes of myopic normal subjects without KC were evaluated using the OCULUS Pentacam, with an age range of 17.4 to 46.

Cap-preserving SMILE Enhancement Surgery.

Background: Different enhancement procedures have been suggested for reduction of residual refractive errors after SMILE. The aim of this study is to evaluate an improved cap-preserving technique for enhancement after SMILE (Re-SMILE).

Methods: A retrospective case series was conducted at Eye subspecialty center, Cairo, Egypt on 9 eyes with myopia or myopic astigmatism (spherical equivalent - 8.

Dellen formation as a complication of subconjunctival silicone oil following microincision vitrectomy.

Purpose: To study the subconjunctival silicone oil (SCSO) parameters associated with dellen formation following microincision vitrectomy (MIV).

Patients And Methods: This was a case-control study of 20 eyes with SCSO following MIV. Ten of them suffered postoperative dellen formation.

Microcapillary sign of flap alignment in femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis.

We present an observational sign that ensures perfect alignment during femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS LASIK). Alignment is assured when a microsponge is used to dry the flap and the area of dryness exceeds the area of direct touch of the microsponge. The area might even reach the whole circumference of the flap at the first touch.

Clinical trial comparing autogenous fascia lata sling and Gore-Tex suspension in bilateral congenital ptosis.

Purpose: To study the effect of autogenous fascia lata sling (AFLS) versus Gore-Tex suspension (GTS) regarding the functional and aesthetic outcomes in patients with bilateral congenital ptosis.

Patients And Methods: A prospective comparative randomized single-center study enrolled 110 patients with bilateral congenital ptosis. One group (n=55) underwent AFLS and the second group (n=55) underwent GTS.

HLA-A29-positive Birdshot Chorioretinopathy in a Hispanic Patient.

Purpose: To report the first documented case of HLA-A29(+) birdshot chorioretinopathy in a Hispanic patient.

Case Description: A 62-year-old female from Mexico presented with a 15-year history of progressive nyctalopia, floaters, and decreasing vision. She carried multiple previous diagnoses, including posterior vitreous detachment and macular edema.