Initial Results of the Paul Ahmed Comparison (PAC) Study in Refractory Childhood Glaucoma.

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness and safety of the Paul glaucoma implant (PGI) to the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) in managing refractory childhood glaucoma.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Two clinical centers.

Safety and efficacy of the Yamane technique for intraocular three-piece lens implantation in Egyptian patients diagnosed with Marfan syndrome: a retrospective study.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of the Yamane technique (flanged intrascleral haptic fixation with double-needle technique /FIHFT) for three-piece intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in Egyptian patients diagnosed with Marfan syndrome (MFS) presented with subluxated lenses (ectopia lentis, EL).

Methods: This was a retrospective evaluation of thirty-three patients who were diagnosed with MFS and had subluxated lenses in a total of forty eyes. Seven of these patients had bilateral subluxation.

Sub retinal pigment epithelium hyporeflective spaces preceding large drusen collapse.

Purpose: To describe and study hyporeflective sub retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) spaces in large drusen and drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment prior to collapse.

Method: Retrospective longitudinal study which enrolled patients with large and very large drusen due to intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The following optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters were assessed: Drusen size (maximum width and height), OCT biomarkers of RPE atrophy, presence of intraretinal and subretinal fluid (IRF, SRF), acquired vitelliform lesion and sub RPE regions of hyporeflectivity within the PED compartment.

Retinal Ischemic Perivascular Lesions Are Associated With Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease.

Purpose: To evaluate the association of retinal ischemic perivascular lesions (RIPLs) with myocardial infarction (MI) among patients diagnosed with coronary artery diseases (CAD).

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Methods: Consecutive patients (317 patients) with CAD who underwent macular spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were captured.

Retinal vasculature of different diameters and plexuses exhibit distinct vulnerability in varying severity of diabetic retinopathy.

Objectives: To study the changes in vessel densities (VD) stratified by vessel diameter in the retinal superficial and deep vascular complexes (SVC/DVC) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images obtained from people with diabetes and age-matched healthy controls.

Methods: We quantified the VD based on vessel diameter categorized as <10, 10-20 and >20 μm in the SVC/DVC obtained on 3 × 3 mm OCTA scans using a deep learning-based segmentation and vascular graph extraction tool in people with diabetes and age-matched healthy controls.

Results: OCTA images obtained from 854 eyes of 854 subjects were divided into 5 groups: healthy controls (n = 555); people with diabetes with no diabetic retinopathy (DR, n = 90), mild and moderate non-proliferative DR (NPDR) (n = 96), severe NPDR (n = 42) and proliferative DR (PDR) (n = 71).

Cystoid macular edema as a complication of central retinal artery occlusion.

Purpose: To describe the development of cystoid macular edema (CME) as a complication of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in 2 cases.

Observations: The first patient was a 51-year-old female who presented with acute loss of vision in the left eye. Multimodal retinal imaging revealed a CRAO with a perfused cilioretinal artery.

Assessment of Preoperative Risk Factors for Post-LASIK Ectasia Development.

Purpose: To evaluate preoperative risk factors (mainly those related to corneal topography/tomography) for post-LASIK ectasia development.

Methods: A retrospective case review for post-LASIK ectasia for myopia or myopic astigmatism. The evaluated data included preoperative subjective refraction, method of flap creation, and topometric/tomographic parameters from Oculus Pentacam, including subjective curvature pattern, topometric, elevation, and pachymetric indices from the Belin Ambrosio display "BAD", and the Pentacam Random Forest Index (PRFI).

Prevalence of inherited retinal diseases in a large Egyptian cohort.

Background: Inherited retinal diseases form a rare, highly heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by retinal degeneration. It is considered one of the leading causes of debilitating visual loss and blindness in children and young adults. Despite this few population-based data studies on prevalence of inherited retinal diseases exist.

Diminished choroidal blood flow in hypertensive and preeclamptic third trimester pregnancies using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare choroidal adjusted flow index (AFI) in healthy, hypertensive & preeclamptic pregnancies using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: In this prospective study, healthy, hypertensive & preeclamptic third trimester pregnant women underwent OCTA imaging. 3x3 & 6x6 mm choriocapillaris slabs were exported and the parafoveal area was marked by two concentric ETDRS circles at 1 & 3 mm, centered on the foveal avascular zone.

Operative Digital Enhancement of Macular Pigment during Macular Surgery.

Purpose: To describe the feasibility of intraoperative digital visualization and its contribution to the enhancement of macular pigmentation visualization in a prospective series of macular surgery interventions.

Materials And Methods: A prospective, single-center, single-surgeon study was performed on a series of 21 consecutive cases of vitrectomy for various types of macular surgery using a 3D visualization system. Two optimized filters were applied to enhance the visualization of the macular pigment (MP).

COVID-19 VACCINE-INDUCED ACUTE EXUDATIVE POLYMORPHOUS VITELLIFORM MACULOPATHY: CASE REPORTS.

Background: Acute exudative polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy is a presumed retinal pigment epithelium abnormality that has been reported in patients with neoplasms and under certain classes of drugs. The pathophysiology remains unclear, despite the typical clinical features.

Purpose: To report two cases of acute exudative polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy occurring after vaccination with a COVID-19 vaccine.

Evaluation of Anterior and Posterior Corneal Higher Order Aberrations for the Detection of Keratoconus and Suspect Keratoconus.

Aim: To investigate the application of anterior and posterior corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in detecting keratoconus (KC) and suspect keratoconus (SKC).

Method: A retrospective, case-control study evaluating non-ectatic (normal) eyes, SKC eyes, and KC eyes. The Sirius Scheimpfug (CSO, Italy) analyses was used to measure HOAs of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces.

Temporary Vitelliform Regression After Intravitreal Ranibizumab Injection for Macular Neovascularization Complicating Best Disease.

Background: In this report, we present a case of a 12-year-old boy with Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (BVMD) complicated by macular neovascularization (MNV) and treated with two intravitreal ranibizumab injections. We document an unusual temporary regression of his vitelliform deposits and describe a 2-year follow-up course through multimodal imaging.

Case Presentation: A 12-year-old boy complaining of metamorphopsia presented with bilateral yellowish subfoveal deposits, suggestive of BVMD, which was confirmed by fundus autofluorescence and electrooculography.

Transepithelial Enhanced Fluence Pulsed Light M Accelerated Crosslinking for Early Progressive Keratoconus with Chemically Enhanced Riboflavin Solutions and Air Room Oxygen.

Purpose: To assess the 3-year clinical results of the 18 mW 7 J/cm transepithelial enhanced fluence pulsed light M accelerated crosslinking in the treatment of progressive keratoconus (KC) with chemically enhanced hyper-concentrated riboflavin solutions without iontophoresis and with air-room oxygenation.

Setting: Siena Crosslinking Center, Siena, Italy.

Methods: Prospective pilot, open non-randomized interventional study including 40 eyes of 30 young adult patients over 21 years old (10 simultaneous bilateral) with early (Stage I and II) progressive KC undergoing TE-EFPL 18 mW/7 J/cm ACXL (EFPL M TECXL).

OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY REVEALS PARADOXICALLY DECREASING CHOROIDAL THICKNESS AND INCREASING BLOOD FLOW IN REMITTING VOGT-KOYANAGI-HARADA SYNDROME.

Purpose: To assess changes in choroidal thickness and blood flow in active Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome and after remission using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Methods: This was a prospective study of patients with active early uveitis secondary to Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. They underwent optical coherence tomography angiography imaging twice: at baseline and after remission on treatment.

Unique presentations of aspergillosis endogenous endophthalmitis in two hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19.

We present two ICU-hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) presenting with endogenous endophthalmitis in one eye and variable manifestations of chorioretinitis in the fellow eye. Two diabetic patients (57 and 62 years old) showed anterior uveitis and yellowish-white subretinal infiltrations. The fellow eye of one patient showed patches of choroiditis, while the other showed full retinal thickness infiltrations.

Masking of macular neovascular membranes by subretinal hyperreflective material on optical coherence tomography angiography.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM) may mask the detection of macular neovascular membranes (MNV) on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: In this observational study, eyes with active neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), co-existing SHRM & intraretinal or subretinal fluid or hemorrhage on structural OCT, underwent OCTA & fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) imaging. 6 × 6 mm choriocapillaris and outer retinal slabs on OCTA were examined to determine the presence of MNV underneath the SHRM.

Analysis of a two-year independent screening effort for retinopathy of prematurity in rural Egypt.

Background: The third epidemic of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has majorly involved middle income countries in which tailored screening and local guidelines require development. The data regarding ROP prevalence and cutoff numbers for screening in Egypt are lacking.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of an independent screening effort spanning 2 years (February 2019 to February 2021) and involving 32 neonatal care units within Sharkia governorate, Egypt.

Exfoliation Syndrome in Egypt: Prevalence and Association with Cataract in a Large Cohort.

Introduction: Exfoliation syndrome is an age-related disease leading to ocular and systemic complications. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of exfoliation syndrome (XFS) in Egypt and its association with cataract as one of its comorbidities.

Methods: In a retrospective, hospital-based study, 155,032 Egyptians aged over 40 years from all 27 Egyptian governorates were evaluated for the prevalence of XFS and cataract in the period between January 2015 and June 2020.

Long term results of accelerated 9 mW corneal crosslinking for early progressive keratoconus: the Siena Eye-Cross Study 2.

Purpose: To assess clinical results of the 9 mW/5.4 J/cm accelerated crosslinking (ACXL) in the treatment of progressive keratoconus (KC) over a span of 5 years.

Methods: The prospective open non-randomized interventional study (Siena Eye-Cross Study 2) included 156 eyes of 112 patients with early progressive KC undergoing the Epi-Off 9 mW/5.

Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery in Soft and Hard Nuclear Cataracts: A Comparison of Effective Phacoemulsification Time.

Purpose: To compare effective phacoemulsification time (EFX) in femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) versus traditional quick chop phacoemulsification (QCP) in senile nuclear cataracts with different densities focusing on soft and hard ones.

Patients And Methods: A prospective non-randomized comparative study was carried out in Al Watany Eye Hospital and Ain Shams University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt; 250 eyes with senile nuclear cataract (NC) were included and classified into two main groups, FLACS and QCP groups. Each of them was stratified according to nuclear density into three subgroups, subgroups I (Soft NC), II (Medium NC), and III (Hard NC).

Choriocapillaris Island: an optical coherence tomography angiography finding observed in central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To report the observation of the choriocapillaris island (CCI) on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in eyes with active central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), and to investigate its associated clinical features.

Design: Retrospective observational study.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with active CSCR underwent OCTA imaging (Optovue Inc, Fremont, California, USA), and the software built-in en face choriocapillaris slab was examined to demonstrate CCI, defined as an area of detectable choriocapillaris flow surrounded by an area of undetectable or diminished flow.

Normative Values of Corneal Spherical Aberration, Pupil Size, and Other Key Refractive and Topographic Parameters in a Large Cohort of Egyptian Cataract Surgery Candidates.

Purpose: To determine the spherical aberration, pupil size, and other key refractive and topographic parameters in a large cohort of Egyptian cataract surgery candidates, and to investigate any existent relations between the spherical aberration and other possibly related parameters.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study that was conducted at Ain Shams University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. The study was performed on the right eyes of 1658 cataract surgery candidates.

Ultrasound-Energy Consumption During Phases of Phacoemulsification of Nuclear Cataracts Using Femtosecond Laser: A Comparative Study.

Purpose: To compare ultrasound (US) energy utilized in different phases of nuclear cataract removal in femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) with conventional phacoemulsification surgery (CPS) in relation to different nuclear densities.

Methods: A prospective nonrandomized comparative study was conducted at Ain Shams University and Al Watany Eye Hospital, Cairo, Egypt on 250 eyes with senile nuclear cataracts (NCs) of different nuclear densities (1-6). Eyes were divided into two groups - FLACS and CPS - and each group was subdivided according to cataract density into subgroups A (NC 1-2), B (NC 3-4) and C (NC 5-6).