Impact of lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health among the Libyan population.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have a potentially serious effect on mental health and increase the risk of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorders in people. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of psychological illness and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Libyan population's mental health.

Method: A cross-sectional survey, conducted in both online and paper modes and consisting of five sections, was completed in more than 30 cities and towns across Libya.

Enteral Nutrition in the Management of Crohn's Disease: Reviewing Mechanisms of Actions and Highlighting Potential Venues for Enhancing the Efficacy.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic condition that affects the gut and has adverse effects on growth and development. There is a global increase in the incidence and prevalence rates, and several factors are believed to contribute to this rise, including dietary habits. In contrast, the use of enteral nutrition (EN) as an exclusive source of nutrition is increasingly becoming the preferred induction treatment of pediatric CD patients in part to address the nutrition complications.

Epidemiology and clinical findings of colorectal carcinoma in two tertiary care hospitals in Benghazi, Libya.

Aim: The aim is to determine the pattern of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) seen in two tertiary hospitals in Benghazi, Libya.

Materials And Methods: The cohort includes all patients of CRC who were presented between January 2007 and December 2009 to the Oncology Department, Aljomhoria Hospital and 7(th) October Hospital, Benghazi. Patient's age, gender, clinical presentation, location of cancer involvement, and histopathologic diagnosis were reviewed.

Modified distal shoe appliance--fabrication and clinical performance.

When the primary second molar is prematurely lost, mesial movement and migration of the permanent first molar often occurs. This is one of the most difficult problems of the developing dentition confronted by pediatric dentists. Use of a space maintainer that will guide the permanent first molar into its normal position is indicated.

Foreign bodies in primary molars: a report of 2 cases.

Foreign bodies can be found in the pulps of primary teeth during routine oral examinations. These foreign bodies can result in painful complications. A detailed case history and clinical and radiographic examinations are necessary to come to a conclusion about the nature, size, and location of the foreign body, and to determine the difficulty involved in its removal.

Gingival health status of 2- to 15-year-old Benghazi children with type-I diabetes mellitus.

Purpose: The influence of diabetes on the risk of developing gingivitis has been the subject of much discussion in the literature. Most of the previous literature has focused on adults, with limited studies available on children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the plaque and gingival health status of diabetic children with healthy controls.

Perspective on plasma membrane cholesterol efflux and spermatozoal function.

The process of sperm maturation, capacitation, and fertilization occur in different molecular milieu provided by epididymis and female reproductive tract including oviduct. The different tissue environment with different oxygen tension and temperature may still influence the process of sperm maturation and capacitation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is reported to be an initial switch that may activate the molecular process of capacitation.

Profile of diabetic ketoacidosis at a teaching hospital in Benghazi, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.

This study describes the profile of 100 cases of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at a teaching hospital in 1 Benghazi, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. DKA was more frequent in young women with type 1 diabetes and mostly due to preventable causes, e.g.

Caffeine: a potential complexing agent for solubility and dissolution enhancement of celecoxib.

Complexation of caffeine with the drug celecoxib was used to enhance its solubility as well as in vitro dissolution in the present investigation. Caffeine was extracted from tea leaves using the sublimation method. A molecular complex (1:1) of caffeine-celecoxib was prepared using the solubility method.

Submandibular giant sialoliths: report of two cases and review of the literature.

Sialolithiasis is one of the most common diseases of the salivary gland, but giant sialoliths have been reported in the literature infrequently. The submandibular gland and its duct appear to be the sites most susceptible to this disease. We report 2 cases of giant sialoliths occurring solely in the submandibular duct.

WITHDRAWN: Transdermal potential and anti-inflammatory effects of nanocurcumin from nanogel systems.

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.

Quantitative analysis of gallstones in Libyan patients.

Gallstone disease is one of the major surgical problems in the Libyan population; it is probably related to diet, especially excessive consumption of meat. The study was conducted to determine the composition of gallstones and their possible etiology in a Libyan population. The chemical composition of gallstones from 41 patients (six males and 35 females) was analyzed.

Fasting of Ramadan in peoples with diabetes in Benghazi, Libya: an exploratory study.

Background: The epidemiology of diabetes and Ramadan fasting was reported from many Muslim countries, but not from Libya.

Methodology: We interviewed 493 consecutive diabetic patients at Benghazi Diabetes and Endocrine Center for the potential complications of fasting during Ramadan.

Results: We found 70% of diabetic patients completed the 30 days of Ramadan fasting.

A comparative analysis of the Libyan national essential medicines list and the WHO model list of essential medicines.

Aim And Objectives: To examine the concordance of the Libyan Pharmaceutical List of Essential Medicines (LPLEM) with the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines 2009 (WMLEM 2009).

Methods: The concordance between generic medicines listed in the WMLEM 2009 (standard reference list) and the LPLEM 2006 (comparator list) was evaluated.

Results: The total number of Basic Essential Medicines (BEMs) listed on the WMLEM 2009 was 347.

A need for the standardization of the pharmaceutical sector in Libya.

Unlabelled: Medicines are health technologies that can translate into tangible benefits for numerous acute as well as chronic health conditions. A nation's pharmaceutical sector needs to be appropriately structured and managed in order to ensure a safe, effective and quality supply of medicines to society. The process of medicines management involves the sequential management of five critical activity areas; namely; registration, selection, procurement, distribution and use.

Criterion for excipients screening in the development of nanoemulsion formulation of three anti-inflammatory drugs.

The present study was undertaken for screening of different excipients in the development of nanoemulsion formulations of three anti-inflammatory drugs namely ketoprofen, celecoxib (CXB) and meloxicam. Based on solubility profiles of each drug in oil, Triacetin (ketoprofen and CXB) and Labrafil (meloxicam) were selected as the oil phase. Based on maximum solubilization potential of oil in different surfactants, Cremophor-EL (ketoprofen and CXB) and Tween-80 (meloxicam) were selected as surfactants.

Transdermal delivery of anticancer drug caffeine from water-in-oil nanoemulsions.

Recently caffeine has been investigated for the treatment of various types of cancers upon oral administration. There is also some evidence that dermally applied caffeine can protect the skin from skin cancer caused by sun exposure. Therefore nanoemulsion formulation of caffeine for transdermal drug delivery was developed and evaluated in the present investigation.

Incidence of mandibular fractures in Eastern part of Libya.

The objective of this retrospective study is to evaluate the incidence of mandibular fractures in the eastern part of Libya and to present our experience in treating this type of facial fracture. We analyzed factors such as the incidence of age, sex, time distribution, cause and site of the fracture and the associated injuries in 493 patients presenting a total of 666 mandibular fractures. These patients were treated at Al-Jala Trauma Hospital, Benghazi-Libya between 2000 and 2006.

Nanoemulsion: a promising tool for solubility and dissolution enhancement of celecoxib.

The solubility and dissolution of the poorly soluble drug celecoxib (CXB) was enhanced using many techniques like nanoemulsion, solid lipid nanoparticle and solid dispersion in the present investigation. The solubility of CXB in each formulation was determined using the reported HPLC method at the wavelength of 250 nm. Dissolution studies of pure CXB and its formulations were performed using USP dissolution apparatus in distilled water.

Investigation of true nanoemulsions for transdermal potential of indomethacin: characterization, rheological characteristics, and ex vivo skin permeation studies.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of true nanoemulsions for transdermal delivery of indomethacin. Thermodynamically stable true nanoemulsions were characterized for morphology using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), droplet size, rheological characteristics, and refractive index. The rheological behavior for all true nanoemulsions was found to be Newtonian as viscosity was unchanged by increasing the rate of shear.

Product development studies of amino acid conjugate of Aceclofenac.

The prodrugs designed by classical approach increase lipophilicity of the drug, which decreases the water solubility thus decreasing the concentration gradient, which controls drug absorption. To overcome the limitations of traditional prodrug approach, water soluble prodrugs can be designed by adding selected amino acid to the drug moiety that are the substrates for the enzyme located at the intestinal brush border thus overcoming pharmaceutical problem without compromising bioavailability. ACaa (Amino acid conjugate of Aceclofenac) was synthesized by conjugation with l-phenylalanine by conventional coupling method using N, N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and ACaa was characterized by melting point, TLC, photomicrograph, UV, FT-IR, FT-NMR, MS-FAB, XRD and DSC.

Benign tumours of orofacial region at Benghazi, Libya: a study of 405 cases.

Introduction: Although benign tumours are thought to be relatively uncommon in the orofacial region, the incidence differs according to the country. The purpose of this study was to systematically analyse the incidence of benign tumours of maxillofacial region within the Libyan population.

Material And Methods: A total of 405 cases of benign tumours reported at the Faculty of Dentistry, Arab Medical Science University, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya between 1991 and 2007 were analysed.