Extrarenal manifestations of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS) is categorized as a thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), which arises due to abnormal or unregulated complement pathway activation. While the disease frequently affects renal blood vessels, it can also involve multiple other organ systems. This review examines the prevalence and clinical outcomes of aHUS patients with extrarenal involvement.

POCUS in Critically-ill Children with Acute Kidney Injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) in children is associated with increased mortality and morbidity including the need for prolonged stay in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and longer duration of mechanical ventilation. Technological advancements have expanded the array of bedside tools available to clinicians for patient evaluation beyond the traditional physical examination. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has emerged as a crucial tool for clinicians to quickly diagnose kidney pathology and assess the volume status.

Pathophysiology of Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract: A Comprehensive Review.

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent a broad range of diseases with differing mechanisms, clinical presentations, and prognoses. With an estimated prevalence of between 4 and 60 per 10,000 births, CAKUT represents a sizable number of patients for pediatric and adult nephrologists as therapies have progressed, allowing longer life spans. Many CAKUT disorders are associated with genetic mutations, and with advances in genomic sequencing, these genes are being identified at an increasing rate.

Pediatric to Adult Transition in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review of Existing Transition Programs.

Background: Pediatric organ transplantation is the primary treatment for end-organ failure. Improving medication adherence and healthcare compliance can decrease healthcare burdens, graft rejection, morbidity, and mortality. Adolescents commonly struggle with non-adherence, necessitating a smooth transition to adult care.

Inborn errors of metabolism in neonates and pediatrics on varying dialysis modalities: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Some inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) resulting in aberrations to blood leucine and ammonia levels are commonly treated with kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Children with IEMs require prompt treatment, as delayed treatment results in increased neurological and developmental morbidity.

Objectives: Our systematic review in neonates and pediatrics evaluates survival rates and reductions in ammonia and leucine levels across different KRT modalities (continuous KRT (CKRT), hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD)).

Economic burden of inpatient hospitalizations for pediatric chronic kidney disease in the US.

Background: Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) face extensive healthcare needs, leading to substantial financial strain on both families and healthcare systems due to costly kidney replacement therapies and associated comorbidities. Limited research on inpatient healthcare utilization is available for the individual stages of pediatric CKD.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included inpatient encounters for pediatric patients (≤ 18 years) using the Pediatric Health Information System Database (PHIS) between January 2016 and December 2022, with an ICD-10 code for any CKD stage (1-5).

Point-of-care ultrasound training in nephrology: a position statement by the International Alliance for POCUS in Nephrology.

Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) has rapidly evolved from a niche technology to an indispensable tool across medical specialties, including nephrology. This evolution is driven by advancements in technology and the visionary efforts of clinicians in emergency medicine and beyond. Recognizing its potential, medical schools are increasingly integrating POCUS into training curricula, emphasizing its role in enhancing diagnostic accuracy and patient care.

CRB2 Depletion Induces YAP Signaling and Disrupts Mechanosensing in Podocytes.

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a histologic lesion caused by a variety of injurious stimuli that lead to dysfunction/loss of glomerular visceral epithelial cells (i.e. podocytes).

Sociodemographic Disparities in 1-Year Outcomes of Children With Community-Acquired Acute Kidney Injury.

Importance: Racial disparities have been identified in pediatric community-acquired acute kidney injury (CA-AKI), and they are associated with increased risk of child mortality, morbidity, and progression of kidney disease.

Objective: To assess clinical outcomes at 1 year among children with CA-AKI, stratified by age, race, and ethnicity.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study is a population-based analysis of deidentified, aggregated electronic health record data collected by 61 large health care organizations from 2003 to 2023 and accessed through the TriNetX platform.

Reactive Oxygen Species in Cystic Kidney Disease.

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a rare but significant renal condition with major implications for global acute and chronic patient care. Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) can significantly alter its pathophysiology, clinical outcomes, and treatment, contributing to negative outcomes, including hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and kidney failure. Inflammation from ROS and existing cysts propagate the generation and accumulation of ROS, exacerbating kidney injury, pro-fibrotic signaling cascades, and interstitial fibrosis.

Transition of care from pediatric to adult nephrology post-renal transplant: a review.

Pediatric renal transplant recipients (RTRs) face heightened risks when they transition from a childhood nephrologist to an adult-centered one. The transition of care usually occurs when an individual is between ages 18 and 21 years, although some change providers earlier or later depending on varying circumstances. Turbulence during this shift can significantly impact daily life and, in severe cases, lead to graft loss.

Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes of AKI in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients.

Key Points: The cumulative incidence of AKI diagnosis post–hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was 12.9%. Calcineurin inhibitor use was associated with the highest cumulative incidence, 21.

Using artificial intelligence to predict mortality in AKI patients: a systematic review/meta-analysis.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with increased morbidity/mortality. With artificial intelligence (AI), more dynamic models for mortality prediction in AKI patients have been developed using machine learning (ML) algorithms. The performance of various ML models was reviewed in terms of their ability to predict in-hospital mortality for AKI patients.

Performance of Home-Based and Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Obese Children and Their Correlation With End Organ Damage.

Background: The increasing prevalence of childhood obesity has led to a corresponding increase in hypertension among children, necessitating early identification of subclinical target organ damage for accurate cardiovascular risk assessment. However, in the pediatric population, there is a paucity of literature comparing ambulatory and home blood pressure monitoring, and this knowledge gap is exacerbated by limited access to ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) facilities, particularly in developing countries, where pediatricians often resort to home blood BP monitoring as the preferred option.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study with 60 obese children (aged 5-18 years) at tertiary health care in central India, we aimed to comprehensively characterize blood pressure profiles, including office, ambulatory, and home, and investigated their correlations with indicators of end-organ damage.

Advancements in diabetic kidney disease management: integrating innovative therapies and targeted drug development.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease and affects approximately 40% of individuals with diabetes . Cases of DKD continue to rise globally as the prevalence of diabetes mellitus increases, with an estimated 415 million people living with diabetes in 2015 and a projected 642 million by 2040. DKD is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, representing 34% and 36% of all chronic kidney disease deaths in men and women, respectively.

Preoperative Fascia Iliaca Blocks Associated With Decreased Opioid Consumption in Femoral Shaft and Distal Femur Fractures.

Objectives: To examine the impact of fascia iliaca (FI) blocks performed in the emergency department on femoral shaft and distal femur fracture patients on opioid consumption, length of stay (LOS), and readmission rate.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Community-based Level 1 trauma center.