Potential Risk Factors to COVID-19 Severity: Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Delta- and Omicron-Dominant Periods.

Background: Continued study of risk factors can inform future pandemic preparedness and response. We aimed to determine the potential risk factors of COVID-19 severity among patients admitted to the hospital during the Delta- and Omicron-dominant periods.

Methods: We utilized the J-SPEED-style COVID-19 Hospital version, a pre-administered questionnaire, to collect data from hospitals in Hiroshima Prefecture between 8 August 2021 and 19 April 2022.

The effect of nonrestorative sleep on incident hypertension 1-2 years later among middle-aged Hispanics/Latinos.

Background: Insomnia is known to be a major risk factor for incident hypertension. Nonrestorative sleep (NRS), which refers to insufficiently rested sleep, has reported to associate with various diseases. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between insomnia-related symptoms including NRS and incident hypertension 1-2 years later by age group (young, 18-39 years and middle-age, 40-64 years) using existing cohort data involving Hispanics/Latinos.

Association between Dementia Severity and Oral Hygiene Management Issues in Older Adults with Alzheimer's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Oral hygiene management issues vary across types and clinical stages of dementia. We aimed to clarify the issues related to oral hygiene management in older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD) according to stages defined by the Functional Assessment Staging of Alzheimer's Disease (FAST). In all, 397 records (45 men and 352 women; average age, 86.

Visualization and Semantic Labeling of Mood States Based on Time-Series Features of Eye Gaze and Facial Expressions by Unsupervised Learning.

This study is intended to develop a stress measurement and visualization system for stress management in terms of simplicity and reliability. We present a classification and visualization method of mood states based on unsupervised machine learning (ML) algorithms. Our proposed method attempts to examine the relation between mood states and extracted categories in human communication from facial expressions, gaze distribution area and density, and rapid eye movements, defined as saccades.

Relationship between the housing coldness/warmth evaluation by CASBEE Housing Health Checklist and psychological distress based on TMM Community-Based Cohort Study: a cross-sectional analysis.

Objectives: Previous studies have reported the relationship between housing environment and health, although due to cost and effort, it was difficult to conduct housing condition surveys on a large scale. The CASBEE Housing Health Checklist (the Checklist) made it possible to easily evaluate the housing condition from the resident's perspective. This study examined the relationship between housing coldness/warmth evaluation using the Checklist and psychological distress in a large-scale general Japanese population.

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Severity Is Negatively Associated with Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Outpatients with Suspected Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Japan.

Background: Multiple clinical departments are involved in the provision of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) therapy in Japan. Inconsistent results regarding the association between depression and OSA have been reported. Methods: This cross-sectional survey compared newly diagnosed OSA patients at two outpatient sleep apnoea units in Shiga Prefecture, Japan: one associated with the psychiatry department (n = 583), and the other with the otolaryngology department (n = 450).

A rare genetic variant in the cleavage site of prepro-orexin is associated with idiopathic hypersomnia.

Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a rare, heterogeneous sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness. In contrast to narcolepsy type 1, which is a well-defined type of central disorders of hypersomnolence, the etiology of IH is poorly understood. No susceptibility loci associated with IH have been clearly identified, despite the tendency for familial aggregation of IH.

[Factors influencing changes in daily life due to the state of emergency among older adults living in Akita Prefecture].

The present study is assessed the effects of COVID-19 on the mental and physical function after the declaration of an emergency situation, which included the request that residents refrain from going out, in order to prevent the spread of COVID-19 infection. The investigation was conducted from 2019 to 2020. Our samples consisted of 506 older adults (332 people in 2019 and 174 people in 2020), whose physical, cognitive, depression, and independence in daily and social activities were measured annually.

Association of Subjective Quality and Quantity of Sleep with Quality of Life among a General Population.

This study aimed to determine whether both subjective sleep quality and sleep duration are directly associated with quality of life (QOL), as well as indirectly associated with QOL through insomnia symptoms. Individuals aged 20-69 years without mental illness ( = 9305) were enrolled in this web-based cross-sectional survey. The Short Form-8 was used to assess physical and mental QOL.

Genome-wide association study of idiopathic hypersomnia in a Japanese population.

Unlabelled: Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a rare sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, great difficulty upon awakening, and prolonged sleep time. In contrast to narcolepsy type 1, which is a well-recognized hypersomnia, the etiology of IH remains poorly understood. No susceptibility loci for IH have been identified, although familial aggregations have been observed among patients with IH.

A simple prediction score for in-hospital mortality in patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Background: No prediction scores for the mortality of both inpatients and outpatients who developed nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) without endoscopic findings have been established. We aimed to derive and validate a novel prediction score for in-hospital mortality.

Methods: We conducted a three-stage, multicenter retrospective study.

False-positive cases in multiple sleep latency test by accumulated sleep debt.

Purpose: Multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) is performed as objective assessment of sleepiness, on the following day after polysomnography (PSG). In most clinics, patients are required to stay for 2 days. However, if patients have chronic sleep debt before the examination, even if they get adequate nocturnal sleep during the initial PSG, their sleep debt would not be fully resolved, affecting MSLT results.

PLA2G6 variants associated with the number of affected alleles in Parkinson's disease in Japan.

This study aimed to evaluate genotype-phenotype correlations of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with phospholipase A2 group V (PLA2G6) variants. We analyzed the DNA of 798 patients with PD, including 78 PD patients reported previously, and 336 in-house controls. We screened the exons and exon-intron boundaries of PLA2G6 using the Ion Torrent system and Sanger method.

-Related Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Review of the Literature.

Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL) is clinically characterized by early-onset dementia, stroke, spondylosis deformans, and alopecia. In CARASIL cases, brain magnetic resonance imaging reveals severe white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), lacunar infarctions, and microbleeds. CARASIL is caused by a homozygous mutation in ().

Discontinuation of antidepressants after remission with antidepressant medication in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

A significant clinical issue encountered after a successful acute major depressive disorder (MDD) treatment is the relapse of depressive symptoms. Although continuing maintenance therapy with antidepressants is generally recommended, there is no established protocol on whether or not it is necessary to prescribe the antidepressant used to achieve remission. In this meta-analysis, the risk of relapse and treatment failure when either continuing with the same drug used to achieved remission or switching to a placebo was assessed in several clinically significant subgroups.

Experiences of Negotiations for Improving Research Environment and Burnout among Young Physician Researchers in Japan.

Physician scientists in Japan are often too busy to be sufficiently involved in research work. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate their experiences negotiating with their superiors to improve their research environment and determine its relationship with psychological burnout. Among 1790 physician awardees of Grants-in-Aid for Young Scientists in 2014-2015, 490 responded (response rate 27.

Depressive symptoms and related factors among workers in care institutions for older persons in Japan: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and related factors among workers in care institutions for older persons in Japan. In addition, we sought to identify the relationships between high (i.e.

Improvement of psychiatrists' clinical knowledge of the treatment guidelines for schizophrenia and major depressive disorders using the 'Effectiveness of Guidelines for Dissemination and Education in Psychiatric Treatment (EGUIDE)' project: A nationwide dissemination, education, and evaluation study.

Aim: Although treatment guidelines for pharmacological therapy for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder have been issued by the Japanese Societies of Neuropsychopharmacology and Mood Disorders, these guidelines have not been well applied by psychiatrists throughout the nation. To address this issue, we developed the 'Effectiveness of Guidelines for Dissemination and Education in Psychiatric Treatment (EGUIDE)' integrated education programs for psychiatrists to disseminate the clinical guidelines. Additionally, we conducted a systematic efficacy evaluation of the programs.

Gabapentin enacarbil for antipsychotic induced akathisia in schizophrenia patients: a pilot open-labeled study.

Objective: Gabapentin and its prodrug are candidate therapeutic agents for akathisia. An open-label pilot study was conducted to investigate the therapeutic potential of gabapentin enacarbil (GE) for akathisia.

Methods: In an open-labeled investigator-initiated clinical trial, nine outpatients with antipsychotics-induced akathisia were administered GE (300 or 600 mg/day) over 2 weeks.

Prevalence of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and its role in daytime sleepiness.

Objectives: To investigate childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and its role in daytime sleepiness among school-age children.

Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted with 25,211 children aged 6-15 (mean, 10.39) years attending 148 elementary and 71 middle schools in 10 prefectures across Japan and their parents.

Sleep/awake status throughout the night and circadian motor activity patterns in older nursing-home residents with or without dementia, and older community-dwelling people without dementia.

Background: Sleep disturbances are commonly observed in older nursing home residents, mainly in combination with dementia. However, sleep-associated circadian motor activity patterns have not been thoroughly investigated in Japanese nursing homes. The present study aimed to respectively clarify the effect of community living and the presence of dementia on sleep disturbances and interrupted activity rhythm of older nursing-home residents with or without dementia and older community-dwelling people without dementia.