Sudanese community pharmacy practice and its readiness for change to patient care.

Objectives: This study aims to describe the current state of Sudanese community pharmacy practice and explore the capacity of existing community pharmacies to foster the change to pharmaceutical care (PC) and to assess attitude and knowledge of community pharmacists regarding PC and identify barriers.

Methods: A structured, self-administered, piloted questionnaire was distributed to the pharmacists in charge of 274, randomly selected, community pharmacies in Khartoum state. The questionnaire included six domains: demographic characteristics, organizational structure of community pharmacies, current activities of community pharmacists, their attitudes and knowledge regarding PC, and potential barriers.

The role of Sudanese community pharmacists in patients' self-care.

Objectives: To describe the current and potential roles of Sudanese community pharmacists in responding to symptoms (RTS) and chronic diseases management (CDM) and identify perceived barriers.

Settings: Community pharmacies in Khartoum State.

Method: A structured, self-administered, piloted questionnaire was conducted of pharmacists in charge of 274, randomly selected, community pharmacies.

Transient synovitis of the hip as a complication of chickenpox in infant: Case study.

Chickenpox has many rare complications; transient synovitis is one of the very painful and self-limiting rare complications. This patient suffered from transient synovitis associated with chickenpox. After being diagnosed, it was managed by diclofenac sodium suppositories.

Involvement of Sudanese community pharmacists in public health activities.

Objectives: To evaluate attitude of community pharmacists towards health education, promotion and screening, assess the extent of their actual involvement in such activities and identify barriers for their provision.

Settings: Community pharmacies in Khartoum State.

Method: A structured, self-administered, piloted questionnaire was distributed to the pharmacists in charge of 274, randomly selected, community pharmacies.

Evaluation of risk factors in acute myocardial infarction patients admitted to the coronary care unit, Tripoli Medical Centre, Libya.

The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in patients attending Tripoli Medical Centre, Libya. Records were reviewed for 622 patients with a mean age of 58.3 (SD 12.

Evaluation of the community pharmacist's behavior towards a prescription of antidiabetic and antiasthma drugs.

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the performance of community pharmacist towards antidiabetic and antiasthma prescriptions, and also to assess the lack of information provided by community pharmacists regarding patient counseling and missing data, using a simulated patient technique.

Methods: A prescription including antidiabetic and antiasthma drugs was used by simulated patient to assess community pharmacist's performance in 194 pharmacies. A performance assessment sheet was used to measure the patient counseling process.

Quantitative morphometric study of the skeletal muscles of normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

Objectives: Quantitative morphometry under light microscope was applied to analyze changes in the number and the diameters of skeletal muscle fibers and their myonuclei in the extensor digitorum longus and rectus femoris muscles of normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

Animals: Twelve adult male albino Fischer rats each weighing 300 g were used in the study.

Interventions: Streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetes was induced by a single intravenous injection of STZ (75 mg/kg body weight) via the tail vein.

The pattern of maxillofacial fractures in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates: a review of 230 cases.

Objective: Maxillofacial injuries constitute a substantial proportion of cases of trauma. This descriptive analytical study assesses the cause, type, incidence, demographic, and treatment data of maxillofacial fractures managed at Al Qassimi Hospital in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, during a 4-year period and compares them with the existing body of literature on the subject.

Study Design: The medical records and radiographs of 230 patients treated for maxillofacial fractures at the Al Qassimi General Hospital over a 4-year period (from 1999 to 2002) were reviewed.

Central monoamines and their role in major depression.

The role of the monoamines serotonin and noradrenaline in mental illnesses including depression is well recognized. All antidepressant drugs in clinical use increase acutely the availability of these monoamines at the synapse either by inhibiting their neuronal reuptake, inhibiting their intraneuronal metabolism, or increasing their release by blocking the alpha(2) auto- and heteroreceptors on the monoaminergic neuron. This acute increase in the amount of the monoamines at the synapse has been found to induce long-term adaptive changes in the monoamine systems that end up in the desensitization of the inhibitory auto- and heteroreceptors including the presynaptic alpha(2) and 5-HT(1B) receptors and the somatodendritic 5-HT(1A) receptors located in certain brain regions.