Musical expertise boosts implicit learning of both musical and linguistic structures.

Musical training is known to modify auditory perception and related cortical organization. Here, we show that these modifications may extend to higher cognitive functions and generalize to processing of speech. Previous studies have shown that adults and newborns can segment a continuous stream of linguistic and nonlinguistic stimuli based only on probabilities of occurrence between adjacent syllables or tones.

Molecular mechanism of NADPH-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase regulation through the C-terminus of CP12 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) consists of four GapA subunits. This A4 GAPDH is not autonomously regulated, as the regulatory cysteine residues present on GapB subunits are missing in GapA subunits. The regulation of A4 GAPDH is provided by another protein, CP12.

Learning of musical and linguistic structures: comparing event-related potentials and behavior.

To learn a new language, it is necessary for the learner to succeed in segmenting the continuous stream of sounds into significant units. Previous behavioral studies have shown that it is possible to segment a language or musical stream based only on probabilities of occurrence between adjacent syllables/tones. Here we used a sung language and tested participants' learning of both linguistic and musical structures while recording electroencephalography.

Structure of a polyisoprenoid binding domain from Saccharophagus degradans implicated in plant cell wall breakdown.

Saccharophagus degradans belongs to a recently discovered group of marine bacteria equipped with an arsenal of sugar cleaving enzymes coupled to carbohydrate-binding domains to degrade various insoluble complex polysaccharides. The modular Sde-1182 protein consists of a family 2 carbohydrate binding module linked to a X158 domain of unknown function. The 1.

How do expert soccer players encode visual information to make decisions in simulated game situations?

The aim of this study was to determine what visual information expert soccer players encode when they are asked to make a decision. We used a repetition-priming paradigm to test the hypothesis that experts encode a soccer pattern's structure independently of the players' physical characteristics (i.e.

Time is a rubberband: neuronal activity in monkey motor cortex in relation to time estimation.

Anticipation of predictable events is crucial for organizing motor performance. Using instructed delay tasks, it has been shown that even when delay duration is kept constant, reaction time fluctuates from trial to trial. As time estimation is at the core of anticipatory behavior, it is reasonable to speculate whether neuronal delay activity correlates with the subjective estimate of time.

Temperature-induced density anomaly in Te-Rich liquid germanium tellurides: p versus sp3 bonding?

The density anomaly of liquid Ge(0.15)Te(0.85) measured between 633 and 733 K is investigated with ab initio molecular dynamics calculations at four temperatures and at the corresponding experimental densities.

Sb/Si(111) adsorption: hidden phase transitions behind Langmuir-like isotherms.

The experimental study of the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of the Sb/Si(111) interface reveals a surprising behavior: a 2D phase condensates when the Sb coverage increases, indicating strong attractive Sb-Sb interactions, whereas the isotherms present a quasi-Langmuir shape, suggesting that these interactions should be negligible. Ab initio calculations raise this contradiction: while the adsorption site evolves from ternary towards the on-top position with increasing coverage, the character of the Sb-Sb effective interactions changes from repulsive towards attractive, resulting in an almost constant average adsorption energy. A simple (Langmuir) thermodynamic behavior can then be the consequence of a surface phase transition.

Assignment of the EPR spectrum of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) superoxide spin adduct.

[structure: see text] Spin trapping consists of using a nitrone or a nitroso compound to "trap" an unstable free radical as a long-lived nitroxide that can be characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The formation of DMPO-OOH, the spin adduct resulting from trapping superoxide (O(2)(*)(-)) with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO), has been exploited to detect the generation of superoxide in a wide variety of biological and chemical systems. The 12-line EPR spectrum of DMPO-OOH has been either reported or mentioned in more than a thousand papers.