Biotransformation of the Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic, Levofloxacin, by the Free and Immobilized Secretome of .

Antibiotics play a crucial role in human and animal medical healthcare, but widespread use and overuse of antibiotics poses alarming health and environmental issues. Fluoroquinolones constitute a class of antibiotics that has already become ubiquitous in the environment, and their increasing use and high persistence prompt growing concern. Here we investigated a fungal secretome prepared from the white-rot fungus , which is able to effectively degrade the environmentally persistent fluoroquinolone, levofloxacin.

Local and network changes after multichannel transcranial direct current stimulation using magnetoencephalography in patients with refractory epilepsy.

Objective: Non-invasive neuromodulation techniques, particularly transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), are promising for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), though the mechanisms of their efficacy remain unclear. This study aims to (i) investigate tDCS neurophysiological mechanisms using a personalized multichannel protocol with magnetoencephalography (MEG) and (ii) assess post-tDCS changes in brain connectivity, correlating them with clinical outcomes.

Methods: Seventeen patients with focal DRE underwent three cycles of tDCS over five days, each consisting of 40-minute stimulations targeting the epileptogenic zone (EZ) identified via stereo-EEG.

Extracellular Optogenetics to Interrogate Unmodified Primary Cell Functions.

Optogenetics often requires genetic modification of the target cells to enable the expression of specific optogenetic tools, making it difficult to study primary cells in their native state. We have recently generated a fully extracellular optogenetic system for reversible light control of T cell receptor (TCR) activation on murine naïve T cells, a cell model that is very difficult to manipulate genetically. This molecular system is very versatile and can be easily modified to study different cell systems in different species.

Designing equipment to allow high-level pararowing for a person with bilateral transfemoral amputation: A case report.

Rowing requires both the upper and lower body to be active for balance, steering, and propulsion, constituting a real challenge for athletes with disabilities. To our knowledge, adapted setups allowing pararowing for people with bilateral transfemoral amputation have not yet been described. This case report describes the adapted setup for Mr S, 24 years old, who underwent bilateral transfemoral amputation in 2019 after a motorcycle accident.

A Cultural Evolutionary Model for the Law of Abbreviation.

Efficiency principles are increasingly called upon to study features of human language and communication. Zipf's law of abbreviation is widely seen as a classic instance of a linguistic pattern brought about by language users' search for efficient communication. The "law"-a recurrent correlation between the frequency of words and their brevity-is a near-universal principle of communication, having been found in all of the hundreds of human languages where it has been tested, and a few nonhuman communication systems as well.

Insights from multiple stable isotopes (C, N, Cl) into the photodegradation of herbicides atrazine and metolachlor.

Many processes can contribute to the attenuation of the frequently detected and toxic herbicides atrazine and metolachlor in surface water, including photodegradation. Multi-element compound-specific isotope analysis has the potential to decipher between these different degradation pathways as Cl is a promising tool for both pathway identification and a sensitive indicator of degradation for both atrazine and metolachlor. In this study, photodegradation experiments of atrazine and metolachlor were conducted under simulated sunlight in buffered solutions (direct photodegradation) and with nitrate (indirect photodegradation by OH radicals) to determine kinetics, transformation products and isotope fractionation for C, N and for the first time Cl.

Non-Polio Enterovirus Inhibitors: Scaffolds, Targets, and Potency─What's New?

Enterovirus (EV) is a genus that includes a large diversity of viruses spread around the world. They are the main cause of numerous diseases with seasonal clusters, like hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD). A vaccine is marketed in China for the prevention of HFMD caused by EV-A71.

STING-Activating Polymers Boost Lymphatic Delivery of mRNA Vaccine to Potentiate Cancer Immunotherapy.

The unprecedented success of mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 has inspired scientists to develop mRNA vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. However, using nucleoside modified mRNA as vaccine, though evading innate immune toxicity, diminishes its therapeutic efficacy for cancers. Here, we report a polyvalent stimulator of interferon genes (STING) activating polymer (termed as PD) to bolster the immunogenicity of mRNA vaccine.

What's new in the pediatric spine?

Introduction: The field of pediatric spine surgery has encountered major changes and evolutions lately, with new treatment options available and the development of enabling technologies. This article aims to summarize the most relevant recent literature.

Materials And Methods: The five most relevant topics were selected and assigned to one or two authors who performed a comprehensive Pubmed database search for articles published in the last 4 years (2021-2024).

Brain fingerprint and subjective mood state across the menstrual cycle.

Background: Brain connectome fingerprinting represents a recent and valid approach in assessing individual identifiability on the basis of the subject-specific brain functional connectome. Although this methodology has been tested and validated in several neurological diseases, its performance, reliability and reproducibility in healthy individuals has been poorly investigated. In particular, the impact of the changes in brain connectivity, induced by the different phases of the menstrual cycle (MC), on the reliability of this approach remains unexplored.

Monitoring opioid analgesic misuse, abuse and dependence: What to the data from addictovigilance tell us about the situation in France?

The opioid epidemic has emerged in the USA in the late 1990s and widespread to Canada, Australia, and the UK to a lesser extent in the more recent years. At the European level, several studies performed in different European countries have highlighted that prescription opioid use increased substantially over the last decade, and several proxies for misuse show a parallel increasing trend. The French addictovigilance experience on opioid analgesics is a good example of a specific dedicated monitoring, taking into account in a global and multisource perspective, patterns of utilization, population involved in problematic use, ways of acquisition and health complications.

Shaping the future of pharmacoepidemiology in France: Recommendations from the SFPT Pharmacoepidemiology Working Group.

The drug authorization process is shifting towards a policy aimed at shortening time-to-market. While this policy facilitates early access to new treatments, it can also result in potentially insufficient knowledge of both efficacy and safety at the time of marketing. The latter is particularly true for long-term outcomes or in specific populations (e.

[Patients' perceptions of teleconsultation in long-term follow-up after pediatric cancer].

For the past decade, "long-term follow-up consultations" have been established for adults cured of pediatric cancer to ensure the prevention, early detection, and treatment of long-term effects. These consultations are now sometimes conducted in the form of teleconsultations, a practice that has seen significant growth following the COVID-19 crisis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the satisfaction, usefulness, and patient experience of teleconsultations conducted by an oncologist or hematologist as part of the long-term follow-up of adults cured of pediatric cancer.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma of the spinal cord: A LOC network cohort study.

Purpose: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) mainly affects the brain (>90% cases); there are very little data pertaining to PCNSL involving the spinal cord.

Methods: We retrospectively selected from the French LOC network database adult immunocompetent patients diagnosed with PCNSL involving the spinal cord between 2011 and 2022.

Results: Of the 2043 patients records retrieved from the database, 16 patients (median age: 62.

The human auditory cortex concurrently tracks syllabic and phonemic timescales via acoustic spectral flux.

Dynamical theories of speech processing propose that the auditory cortex parses acoustic information in parallel at the syllabic and phonemic timescales. We developed a paradigm to independently manipulate both linguistic timescales, and acquired intracranial recordings from 11 patients who are epileptic listening to French sentences. Our results indicate that (i) syllabic and phonemic timescales are both reflected in the acoustic spectral flux; (ii) during comprehension, the auditory cortex tracks the syllabic timescale in the theta range, while neural activity in the alpha-beta range phase locks to the phonemic timescale; (iii) these neural dynamics occur simultaneously and share a joint spatial location; (iv) the spectral flux embeds two timescales-in the theta and low-beta ranges-across 17 natural languages.

Cognitive flexibility and sociality in Guinea baboons (Papio papio).

Cognitive flexibility is an executive function playing an important role in problem solving and the adaptation to contextual changes. While most studies investigated the contribution of cognitive flexibility to solve problems in the physical domain, the current study on baboons (Papio papio) investigated its contribution to sociality. The current study verified whether there is a relationship between cognitive flexibility at the individual level and the position of the individuals within their social group.

P-cadherin mechanoactivates tumor-mesothelium metabolic coupling to promote ovarian cancer metastasis.

Cancer adhesion to the mesothelium is critical for peritoneal metastasis, but how metastatic cells adapt to the biomechanical microenvironment remains unclear. Our study demonstrates that highly metastatic (HM), but not non-metastatic, ovarian cancer cells selectively activate the peritoneal mesothelium. HM cells exert a stronger adhesive force on mesothelial cells via P-cadherin, an adhesion molecule abundant in late-stage tumors.

Size-fractionated carbonaceous and iron-rich particulate matter in urban environments of France and Senegal.

Road traffic is one of the main sources of particulate matter in the urban environment, emitting particulate organic and elemental carbon compounds and metal-rich particles through combustion and brakes and tires wear. In Western Africa, the carbon and metal composition of airborne particles is also influenced by additional sources linked to biomass combustion and recent industrialization. Here, we investigated the impact of combustion-related and non-combustion-related emissions on the distribution of carbonaceous fractions and iron-rich particles in two urban environments in France and Senegal.

Urge fecal incontinence: are intramural rectal injections of botulinum toxin a long-term treatment option?

Background And Aims: Unsuccessful first-line conservative treatments for managing fecal incontinence (FI) lead to considering predominantly invasive options, posing challenges in terms of cost and patient acceptance of benefit/risk ratio. Recent data from a prospective randomized study have highlighted intramural rectal botulinum toxin (BoNT/A) injection as a promising minimally invasive alternative for urge FI, demonstrating efficacy at 3 months but lacking long-term evidence. This study aimed to evaluate the sustained efficacy and injection frequency of intramural rectal BoNT/A injection in the treatment of urge FI.