Relationship Between Timing of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Chondral Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: After anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, the optimal timing of ACL reconstruction and the influence of this timing on chondral damage remain unclear.

Purpose: To assess the effect of timing of ACL reconstruction on the presence of chondral injuries via a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4.

Infant hydrocephalus: what valve first?

Purpose: To review the use of different valve types in infants with hydrocephalus, in doing so, determining whether an optimal valve choice exists for this patient cohort.

Methods: We conducted (1) a literature review for all studies describing valve types used (programmable vs. non-programmable, valve size, pressure) in infants (≤ 2 years) with hydrocephalus, (2) a review of data from the pivotal BASICS trial for infant patients and (3) a separate, institutional cohort study from Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust.

The effects of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and an in-hospital exercise training programme on physical fitness and quality of life in locally advanced rectal cancer patients: a randomised controlled trial (The EMPOWER Trial).

Background: The EMPOWER trial aimed to assess the effects of a 9-week exercise prehabilitation programme on physical fitness compared with a usual care control group. Secondary aims were to investigate the effect of (1) the exercise prehabilitation programme on psychological health; and (2) neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) on physical fitness and psychological health.

Methods: Between October 2013 and December 2016, adults with locally advanced rectal cancer undergoing standardised NCRT and surgery were recruited to a multi-centre trial.

An international genome-wide meta-analysis of primary biliary cholangitis: Novel risk loci and candidate drugs.

Backgrounds & Aims: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic liver disease in which autoimmune destruction of the small intrahepatic bile ducts eventually leads to cirrhosis. Many patients have inadequate response to licensed medications, motivating the search for novel therapies. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and meta-analyses (GWMA) of PBC have identified numerous risk loci for this condition, providing insight into its aetiology.

Acute otitis externa: Consensus definition, diagnostic criteria and core outcome set development.

Objective: Evidence for the management of acute otitis externa (AOE) is limited, with unclear diagnostic criteria and variably reported outcome measures that may not reflect key stakeholder priorities. We aimed to develop 1) a definition, 2) diagnostic criteria and 3) a core outcome set (COS) for AOE.

Study Design: COS development according to Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) methodology and parallel consensus selection of diagnostic criteria/definition.

Chronic airflow obstruction and ambient particulate air pollution.

Smoking is the most well-established cause of chronic airflow obstruction (CAO) but particulate air pollution and poverty have also been implicated. We regressed sex-specific prevalence of CAO from 41 Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study sites against smoking prevalence from the same study, the gross national income per capita and the local annual mean level of ambient particulate matter (PM) using negative binomial regression. The prevalence of CAO was not independently associated with PM but was strongly associated with smoking and was also associated with poverty.

Management of odontogenic cervicofacial infections presenting to oral and maxillofacial units during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom.

On 25 March 2020, the Chief Dental Officer issued national guidance restricting the provision of all routine, non-urgent dental services in response to the spread of COVID-19. We analysed odontogenic cervicofacial infections (CFI) presenting to oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) departments during the first wave of COVID-19 in the United Kingdom. From 1 April 2020 until 31 July 2020 a database was used to prospectively collect records for all patients with CFI who presented to oral and maxillofacial teams.

X Chromosome Contribution to the Genetic Architecture of Primary Biliary Cholangitis.

Background & Aims: Genome-wide association studies in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) have failed to find X chromosome (chrX) variants associated with the disease. Here, we specifically explore the chrX contribution to PBC, a sexually dimorphic complex autoimmune disease.

Methods: We performed a chrX-wide association study, including genotype data from 5 genome-wide association studies (from Italy, United Kingdom, Canada, China, and Japan; 5244 case patients and 11,875 control individuals).

The effect of GMFCS level, age, sex, and dystonia on multi-dimensional outcomes after selective dorsal rhizotomy: prospective observational study.

Purpose: Investigate the effect of age category (1-9 years vs 10-18 years), sex, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, and presence of dystonia on changes in eight function test parameters 24 months after selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR).

Methods: Prospective, single-center study of all children aged 3-18 years with bilateral cerebral palsy with spasticity who underwent SDR at a tertiary pediatric neurosurgery center between 2012 and 2019. A linear mixed effects model was used to assess longitudinal changes.

An enhanced care package to improve asthma management in Malawian children: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Shortages of clinical staff make chronic asthma care challenging in low-income countries. We evaluated an outpatient asthma care package for children, including task-shifting of asthma management roles.

Methods: We conducted a non-blinded individually randomised controlled trial at a tertiary-level government hospital in Blantyre, Malawi.

Poor nutritional status correlates with mortality and worse postoperative outcomes in patients with femoral neck fractures.

Aims: Patients who sustain neck of femur fractures are at high risk of malnutrition. Our intention was to assess to what extent malnutrition was associated with worse patient outcomes.

Methods: A total of 1,199 patients with femoral neck fractures presented to a large UK teaching hospital over a three-year period.

EFSUMB 2020 Proposal for a Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound-Adapted Bosniak Cyst Categorization - Position Statement.

The well-established Bosniak renal cyst classification is based on contrast-enhanced computed tomography determining the malignant potential of cystic renal lesions. Ultrasound has not been incorporated into this pathway. However, the development of ultrasound contrast agents coupled with the superior resolution of ultrasound makes it possible to redefine the imaging of cystic renal lesions.

Soft Tissue Sarcoma Follow-up Imaging: Strategies to Distinguish Post-treatment Changes from Recurrence.

Soft tissue sarcomas encompass multiple entities with differing recurrence rates and follow-up intervals. The detection of recurrences and their differentiation from post-therapeutic changes is therefore complex, with a central role for the clinical radiologist. This article describes approved recommendations.

Duration of specialty training in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in the United Kingdom for trainees joining the OMFS specialist list between 2002 and 2019.

Introduction: OMFS Specialty Training in the UK is usually 5 years and 'starts' at Specialty Training Year 3 (ST3). In 2007 a pilot of 'run-through' training started with Core Training (CT) posts linked to specialty training (ST1 posts). ST1 posts are usually 12 months but may be up to 24 months.

Factors associated with delirium and cognitive decline following hip fracture surgery.

Aims: Postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive decline (POCD) are common surgical complications. In the UK, the Best Practice Tariff incentivizes the screening of delirium in patients with hip fracture. Further, a National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD) performance indicator is the reduction in the incidence of POD.

European OMFS in the time of Brexit - where did the UK fit and how might the future look?

Introduction: The specialty of OMFS in the UK is a dual degree specialty which was recognised in Europe within Annex V of Directive 2005/36/EU. Currently UK law matches that of the EU. Brexit may change this.

Timing of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Relationship With Meniscal Tears: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures are common, but the ideal timing for ACL reconstruction after injury is unclear with regard to meniscal insult.

Purpose: To determine whether there is a relationship between timing from ACL rupture to ACL reconstruction and development of meniscal tears within this period.

Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Assessment of High Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygenation in Endobronchial Ultrasound Bronchoscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has been widely implemented in evaluating mediastinal disease. EBUS-TBNA is performed with low flow oxygen systems or general anesthesia. Little data exist on use of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in EBUS-TBNA.