The use of a cold pack during resistance exercises is effective for reducing intramuscular oxygenation and increasing myoelectric activity.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of using a cold pack while doing resistance exercises for enhancing muscle strength and muscle hypertrophy through decreased intramuscular oxygenation and/or increased myoelectric activity. [Participants and Methods] Twenty-four resistance-trained males (age: 26.4 ± 8.

Effect of upper extremity load on pelvic movements during wheeled upright walker use.

[Purpose] This study aimed to elucidate the effects of upper extremity loading on pelvic movements during wheeled upright walker use. [Participants and Methods] Thirteen healthy male adults participated in this intervention study. Participants walked under five conditions with targeted loads on their upper extremities of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of their body weights using a wheeled upright walker with armrests.

Intra-rater reliability of measurement of abdominal perimuscular connective tissue thickness on ultrasound images.

[Purpose] The thickness of the perimuscular connective tissue (PMCT) reflects muscular atrophy and decreased flexibility that may cause low back pain. However, few studies have used ultrasound imaging to measure PMCT thickness. We aimed to examine and confirm the reliability of ultrasound in measuring the thickness of the PMCT of the abdominal wall muscle.

Olfactory marker protein directly buffers cAMP to avoid depolarization-induced silencing of olfactory receptor neurons.

Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) use odour-induced intracellular cAMP surge to gate cyclic nucleotide-gated nonselective cation (CNG) channels in cilia. Prolonged exposure to cAMP causes calmodulin-dependent feedback-adaptation of CNG channels and attenuates neural responses. On the other hand, the odour-source searching behaviour requires ORNs to be sensitive to odours when approaching targets.

Examination of the intrarater reliability of ultrasound measurements of the thickness of the lumbar and lateral abdominal muscles in the prone position.

[Purpose] This study aimed to examine the intrarater reliability when measuring the thickness of the lumbar and lateral abdominal muscles using ultrasound with the participants in the prone position. [Participants and Methods] The participants were 10 healthy adult males without chronic low back pain. The muscle thicknesses of the lumbar multifidus, erector spinae, obliquus externus abdominis, obliquus internus abdominis, and transversus abdominal muscles were measured using ultrasound with the participants in the prone position.

A cross-sectional study of the association between dynapenia and higher-level functional capacity in daily living in community-dwelling older adults in Japan.

Background: There are many reports that dynapenia, sarcopenia and frailty each have associations with bodily function or with Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL). However, studies that compare all three conditions and their effects on IADL are lacking. The purpose of this study is to examine associations of sarcopenia, frailty, and dynapenia with IADL.

fMRI measurement of the integrative effects of visual and chemical senses stimuli in humans.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the integrative effects of visual stimuli with chemical senses (olfactory and gustatory) stimuli in humans. Noninvasive measurement tools such as magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are used to describe the mechanism of olfactory information processing in the human brain, and the neurophysiological properties of olfactory-related neurons are described. The first study analyzed the interaction between visual and olfactory stimuli.