Ophthalmology Faculty Diversity Trends in the US.

Importance: Enhancing the diversity of ophthalmologists can potentially contribute to diminishing disparities in eye care.

Objectives: To investigate longitudinal trends in the representation of individuals underrepresented in medicine (URiM) and women among ophthalmology faculty compared with other specialties and to assess disparities between ophthalmology faculty demographic characteristics and the US population.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cross-sectional study, a comprehensive analysis of Association of American Medical Colleges Faculty Roster data between 2000 and 2021 was conducted, using data from the US Medical School Faculty report on 56 438 ophthalmology faculty members.

Does mirabegron have a potential role as a medical expulsive therapy in the treatment of distal ureteral stones? A prospective randomized controlled study.

Background: The existence of β3 receptors in the bladder and ureter was documented in many studies on animals and humans, it was documented that relaxation of the lower ureteral segment is achieved by the stimulation of these receptors. Our aim was to assess the efficacy and safety of mirabegron as a medical expulsive therapy (MET) for distal ureteral stones in comparison with silodosin and placebo.

Methods: One hundred eighty patients with distal ureteral stone of 5-10 mm size were included in our study.

New insights into amiodarone induced retinal and optic nerve toxicity: functional and structural changes.

Background: Amiodarone is widely used for heart arrhytmia. Previous studies have suggested the possibility of optic neuropathy with the chronic use of this drug.

Objectives: To identify structural or functional changes in the retina and optic nerve in patients on chronic amiodarone therapy without visual complaints.

VivaSight Double-Lumen Tube Versus Conventional Double-Lumen Tube for One-Lung Ventilation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

The main objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the safety and effectiveness of VivaSight double-lumen tubes (VS-DLTs) in one-lung ventilation (OLV) compared to conventional DLTs (c-DLTs). The study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement's guidelines. From the database's inception to December 2022, we searched seven different databases.

BILATERAL CHOROIDAL METASTASIS WITH CONCURRENT UNILATERAL RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT IN A PATIENT WITH STAGE IV BREAST CANCER.

Purpose: To describe an unusual case of bilateral choroidal metastasis with simultaneous rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in the right eye.

Methods: Case Report.

Patient: A 65-year-old woman with Stage IV breast cancer and gradual deterioration of vision in the right eye.

Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma of the liver in an adult: An extremely rare case report and review of literature.

Introduction And Importance: Primary hepatic sarcomas are one of the extremely rare malignant tumors representing less than 0.1 % of all primary malignant neoplasms.

Case Presentation And Clinical Discussion: A known compensated cirrhotic HCV 60-year-old female lady MELD score 8 with a medical history of controlled diabetes and hypertension presented to our hepatobiliary clinic experiencing a chronic right hypochondrial pain that radiate to her right shoulder of 3 months duration.

Does bacterial colonization influence ureteral stent-associated morbidity? A prospective study.

Objective: to evaluate the effect of bacterial colonization on ureteral stent-associated morbidity.

Methods: This was a prospective study that took place between February 2019 and March 2022. We examined one hundred fifteen patients for ureteric stents application.

Burden of Disease and Unmet Needs in the Diagnosis and Management of Atopic Dermatitis in the Arabic Population of the Middle East.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) affects diverse ethnic groups with significant disparities in prevalence, disease progression, clinical outcomes, and access to care. There are limited data on AD in the Arabic population of the Middle East, yet there is a substantial economic and psychosocial burden of AD in this region with a large unmet need with regards to disease management that is critical to address. There is a trend of increasing prevalence of AD in the Arab Middle East; however, due to the large environmental, socioeconomic, and sociocultural heterogeneity of this region, prevalence varies greatly across and within countries.

Comparative study between chronic automated red blood cell exchange and manual exchange transfusion in patients with sickle cell disease: A single center experience from Saudi Arabia.

Background: Red cell transfusion remains the gold standard in managing sickle cell disease (SCD) with severe complications. Offering red blood cell exchange (RBCX) either manual exchange transfusion (MET) or automated RBCX (aRBCX) can reduce the complications of chronic transfusion and maintain target Hb thresholds. This study audits the hospital experience of overseeing adult SCD patients treated with RBCX, both automated and manual, and compares the safety and efficacy.

The rate and management of prosthetic joint infection in the low-income setting: a cross-sectional study.

Unlabelled: Although the rate of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) after total hip and knee arthroplasties (THA and TKA, respectively) is well documented in developed countries, there is a paucity of information in the literature on infection rates in low-and-middle-income countries. This study aims to review the PJI rate and management based on the Egyptian Community Arthroplasty Registry (ECAR) and six arthroplasty surgeons.

Methods: Using data from the ECAR, for over 10 years, and surveying six high-volume arthroplasty surgeons, we reviewed the infection rate, common organisms, antibiotics used, and how the revision surgeries were done.

Development and international validation of custom-engineered and code-free deep-learning models for detection of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity: a retrospective study.

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a leading cause of childhood blindness, is diagnosed through interval screening by paediatric ophthalmologists. However, improved survival of premature neonates coupled with a scarcity of available experts has raised concerns about the sustainability of this approach. We aimed to develop bespoke and code-free deep learning-based classifiers for plus disease, a hallmark of ROP, in an ethnically diverse population in London, UK, and externally validate them in ethnically, geographically, and socioeconomically diverse populations in four countries and three continents.

Evaluation of Outcomes Following Focal Ablative Therapy for Treatment of Localized Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in Patients >70 Years: A Multi-institute, Multi-energy 15-Year Experience.

Purpose: In older patients who do not wish to undergo watchful waiting, focal therapy could be an alternative to the more morbid radical treatment. We evaluated the role of focal therapy in patients 70 years and older as an alternative management modality.

Materials And Methods: A total of 649 patients across 11 UK sites receiving focal high-intensity focused ultrasound or cryotherapy between June 2006 and July 2020 reported within the UK-based HEAT (HIFU Evaluation and Assessment of Treatment) and ICE (International Cryotherapy Evaluation) registries were evaluated.

Autosomal Recessive Bestrophinopathy Presenting With a Macular Hole Retinal Detachment.

To report a case of autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy (ARB) that presented with macular hole retinal detachment (MHRD). A case report. A 31-year-old male patient presented with rapid deterioration of vision in the left eye.

Clinical and multimodal imaging characteristics of eyes with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: An Egyptian experience.

Background: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is a vision-threatening inflammatory disorder that is challenging in diagnosis and management.

Methods: Retrospective, record-based analysis of 54 eyes belonging to 27 adult patients that fulfilled the revised diagnostic criteria for VKH between January 2018 and January 2021. Demographic, clinical, and imaging data on presentation and during follow-up visits were collected for each patient.

Phytochemical analysis and nephroprotective potential of Ajwa date in doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity rats: Biochemical and molecular docking approaches.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the likely defensive impact of Ajwa date aqueous extract (AJDAE) in alleviating the nephrotoxicity generated by doxorubicin (DOX) injection in rats. Sixty male Wister albino rats were randomly and equally separated into six groups ( = 10), and they were treated as follows: untreated control group, extract groups administered with 0.75 and 1.

Assessment of corneal endothelial cell parameters using specular microscopy in previously infected SARS-CoV-2 patients.

Purpose: To examine the long-term effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on the corneal endothelium.

Methods: This was a comparative, cross-sectional study that included subjects who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection for at least 6 months (group 1) and a group of age- and sex-matched controls with no prior symptomatology or documentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection (group 2). After full ophthalmological evaluation, specular microscopy was used to examine the endothelial cell parameters, including endothelial cell density, coefficient of variation, hexagonality, average area, and central corneal thickness.

Evaluation of Serum Biomarkers and Electroencephalogram to Determine Survival Outcomes in Pediatric Post-Cardiac-Arrest Patients.

Cardiac arrest causes primary and secondary brain injuries. We evaluated the association between neuron-specific enolase (NSE), serum S-100B (S100B), electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns, and post-cardiac arrest outcomes in pediatric patients. A prospective observational study was conducted in the pediatric intensive care unit and included 41 post-cardiac arrest patients who underwent EEG and serum sampling for NSE and S100B.

Evaluation of diagnostic performance of SARS-CoV-2 detection kits: a comparative study.

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has hit many countries worldwide. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is crucial to reduce disease burden. Many commercial kits have become available, but their performance needs to be assessed.

Cohort study of fistulotomy with external tract fistulectomy and primary sphincter reconstruction in high trans-sphincteric fistula-in-ano.

Aim: Treatment of complex fistula-in-ano is challenging and there is no consensus on the optimal treatment that can provide complete healing and preserve sphincter function. The aim of this study was to evaluate fistulotomy with external tract fistulectomy and primary sphincter reconstruction (FFSR) in the treatment of high trans-sphincteric fistula.

Method: This is a prospective single-centre study including patients with a high trans-sphincteric fistula who underwent FFSR from June 2017 to June 2018.

Can fluorescence-guided surgery improve optimal surgical treatment for ovarian cancer? A systematic scoping review of clinical studies.

Background: The predicament of achieving optimal surgical intervention faced by surgeons in treating ovarian cancer has driven research into improving intra-operative detection of cancer using fluorescent materials.

Objective: To provide a literature overview on the clinical use of intra-operative fluorescence-guided surgery for ovarian cancer, either for cytoreductive surgery or sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy.

Methods: The systematic review included studies from June 2002 until October 2021 from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus as well as those from a search of related literature.