Two Cases of Rocuronium-Induced Anaphylaxis/Anaphylactic Shock Successfully Treated With Sugammadex.

While anaphylaxis can occur at any time during general anesthesia, 90% of cases occur at induction of anesthesia. As several drugs are administered simultaneously at this time, it is difficult to identify the causative agent. However, it has been found that rocuronium is the most common drug associated with perioperative anaphylaxis.

Evaluation of an artificial intelligence system for detecting vertical root fracture on panoramic radiography.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a convolutional neural network (CNN) system for detecting vertical root fracture (VRF) on panoramic radiography.

Methods: Three hundred panoramic images containing a total of 330 VRF teeth with clearly visible fracture lines were selected from our hospital imaging database. Confirmation of VRF lines was performed by two radiologists and one endodontist.

Characterization of doxycycline-dependent inducible Simian Virus 40 large T antigen immortalized human conjunctival epithelial cell line.

Purpose: To present the properties of a newly developed immortalized human conjunctival epithelial cell (iHCjEC) line.

Methods: iHCjECs were developed to induce Simian Virus 40 large T-antigen (SV40LT) by incorporating lentivirus in a tetracycline (Tet)-regulated gene-expression system into primary cultures of human conjunctival epithelial cells. The population doubling time and morphology of the iHCjECs were analyzed.

Comparison of disinfection effect between benzalkonium chloride and povidone iodine in nasotracheal intubation: a randomized trial.

Background: Nasotracheal intubation can potentially result in microbial contamination from the upper respiratory tract to the lower respiratory tracts. However, an ideal nasotracheal disinfection method is yet to be determined. Therefore, we compared the disinfection effects between benzalkonium chloride and povidone iodine in nasotracheal intubation.

Rat Palatine Fissure: A Suitable Experimental Model for Evaluating Bone Regeneration.

The rat palatine fissure is anatomically similar to human alveolar cleft. In this study, we examined potential bone repair by an autologous bone implant and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) using rat palatine fissure as a model. Autologous bone chips or β-TCP granules were implanted into the rat palatine fissure.

Changes in oral microbial profiles associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma vs leukoplakia.

Aim: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most frequently occurring cancer among head and neck SCC worldwide. The identification of novel effective biomarkers for early detection may greatly improve the survival rate and prognosis of patients with OSCC. This study aimed to identify specific oral microbial profiles associated with OSCC.

Automatic detection and classification of radiolucent lesions in the mandible on panoramic radiographs using a deep learning object detection technique.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether a deep learning object detection technique can automatically detect and classify radiolucent lesions in the mandible on panoramic radiographs.

Study Design: Panoramic radiographs of patients with mandibular radiolucent lesions of 10 mm or greater, including ameloblastomas, odontogenic keratocysts, dentigerous cysts, radicular cysts, and simple bone cysts, were included. Lesion labels, including region of interest coordinates, were created in text format.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhance bone marrow regeneration in dental extraction sockets.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) remain the most widely used source of osteogenic cells in bone tissue engineering research. A cell-based treatment for alveolar ridge augmentation has received attention as an alternative to bone grafting. In the present study, BMMSC transplantation into tooth extraction sockets of C57BL/6J mice was evaluated for alveolar ridge regeneration.

Reliability of diagnostic imaging for degenerative diseases with osseous changes in the temporomandibular joint with special emphasis on subchondral cyst.

Objectives: The present study aimed to clarify the reliabilities of four characteristic appearances, subchondral cyst, erosion, generalized sclerosis, and osteophyte, for evaluation of degenerative diseases with osseous changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) using panoramic TMJ projection imaging and computed tomography (CT), and to investigate the imaging features of these modalities for subchondral cyst with reference to its magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features.

Methods: The reliabilities (κ values) of panoramic TMJ projection and CT images were determined by three radiologists for each characteristic appearance of TMJ osseous changes in 146 condyles. The features of cyst-like areas on CT images with agreement among the three radiologists were investigated for size, location, and continuity with the joint space together with MRI signal intensity and surrounding edema-like lesions.

CT evaluation of extranodal extension of cervical lymph node metastases in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma using deep learning classification.

Objective: To clarify CT diagnostic performance in extranodal extension of cervical lymph node metastases using deep learning classification.

Methods: Seven-hundred and three CT images (178 with and 525 without extranodal extension) in 51 patients with cervical lymph node metastases from oral squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled in this study. CT images were cropped to an arbitrary size to include lymph nodes and surrounding tissues.

The prognostic significance of intratumoral heterogeneity of 18F-FDG uptake in patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of two major indices of intratumoral heterogeneity of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT), namely heterogeneity index (HI) and heterogeneity factor (HF), in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 62 patients who underwent resective surgery. HI, HF, maximum standardized uptake value (SUV), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were obtained from pretreatment PET.

Expression of progesterone receptor, estrogen receptors α and β, and kisspeptin in the hypothalamus during perinatal development of gonad-lacking steroidogenic factor-1 knockout mice.

Gonadal hormones contribute to brain sexual differentiation. We analyzed expression of progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor-α (ERα), ERβ, and kisspeptin, in the preoptic area (POA) and/or the arcuate nucleus (ARC), in gonad-lacking steroidogenic factor-1 knockout (KO) mice during perinatal development. At postnatal-day (P) 0-P7, POA PR levels were higher in wild-type (WT) males compared with WT females, while those in KO males were lower than in WT males and similar to those in WT and KO females.

Leaching behaviors of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing composite resin component elements immersed in water.

Purpose: Immersion tests in purified water were conducted to evaluate the leaching behaviors of filler elements contained in computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) composite resin.

Methods: Four commercial CAD/CAM resin composite blanks were tested: Shofu block HC 2 layer, Cerasmart, Katana Avencia block, and KZR-CAD HR Block 2. The specimens in the size of 10.

Usefulness of Airway Scope for intubation of infants with cleft lip and palate-comparison with Macintosh laryngoscope: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Airway Scope (AWS) with its plastic blade does not require a head-tilt or separate laryngoscopy to guide intubations. Therefore, we hypothesized that its use would reduce the intubation time (IT) and the frequency of airway complication events when compared with the use of Macintosh Laryngoscope (ML) for infants with cleft lip and palate (CLP).

Methods: The parents of all patients provided written consents; we enrolled 40 infants with CLP (ASA-PS 1).

Transplantation effects of dental pulp-derived cells on peripheral nerve regeneration in crushed sciatic nerve injury.

The effects of transplanted human dental pulp-derived cells (DPCs) on peripheral nerve regeneration were studied in a rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury. In one group, DPCs were transplanted into the compression site (cell transplantation group); the control group underwent no transplantation (crushed group). Sciatic nerve regeneration was determined based on the recovery of motor function and histological and immunohistochemical analyses.

Deep-learning classification using convolutional neural network for evaluation of maxillary sinusitis on panoramic radiography.

Objectives: To apply a deep-learning system for diagnosis of maxillary sinusitis on panoramic radiography, and to clarify its diagnostic performance.

Methods: Training data for 400 healthy and 400 inflamed maxillary sinuses were enhanced to 6000 samples in each category by data augmentation. Image patches were input into a deep-learning system, the learning process was repeated for 200 epochs, and a learning model was created.

Contrast-enhanced computed tomography image assessment of cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with oral cancer by using a deep learning system of artificial intelligence.

Objective: Although the deep learning system has been applied to interpretation of medical images, its application to the diagnosis of cervical lymph nodes in patients with oral cancer has not yet been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of deep learning image classification for diagnosis of lymph node metastasis.

Study Design: The imaging data used for evaluation consisted of computed tomography (CT) images of 127 histologically proven positive cervical lymph nodes and 314 histologically proven negative lymph nodes from 45 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Panoramic radiographic features that predict the development of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to clarify which panoramic radiographic features can predict the development of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ).

Methods: Participants included 24 patients treated with bisphosphonates (BP) for osteoporosis who developed osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ group). Controls included 179 patients treated with BP who did not have osteonecrosis (ONJ group) and 200 patients with no history of BP administration (unmedicated group).

Magnetic resonance imaging in endodontics: a literature review.

Objectives: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently been used for the evaluation of dental pulp anatomy, vitality, and regeneration. This study reviewed the recent use of MRI in the endodontic field.

Methods: Literature published from January 2000 to March 2017 was searched in PubMed using the following Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms: (1) MRI and (dental pulp anatomy or endodontic pulp); (2) MRI and dental pulp regeneration.

A deep-learning artificial intelligence system for assessment of root morphology of the mandibular first molar on panoramic radiography.

Objectives:: The distal root of the mandibular first molar occasionally has an extra root, which can directly affect the outcome of endodontic therapy. In this study, we examined the diagnostic performance of a deep learning system for classification of the root morphology of mandibular first molars on panoramic radiographs. Dental cone-beam CT (CBCT) was used as the gold standard.

Biological and Biochemical Roles of Two Distinct Cyclic Dimeric Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate- Associated Phosphodiesterases in .

Cyclic dimeric adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (c-di-AMP), a recently identified secondary messenger in bacteria, plays a role in several bacterial processes, including biofilm formation. It is enzymatically produced by diadenylate cyclase and cleaved by c-di-AMP phosphodiesterase. c-di-AMP is believed to be essential for the viability of bacterial cells that produce it.

General Anesthetic Management of a Patient With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy for Oral Surgery: Did Digitalis Contribute to Bradycardia?

Stabilization of circulatory dynamics is a critical issue in the anesthetic management of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). In this report, we managed general anesthesia for a 74-year-old male patient with nonobstructive HCM who developed circulatory instability intraoperatively. Severe bradycardia measuring 35 beats/min and hypotension measuring 78 mm Hg systolic were observed during surgery.

Use of tungsten sheet as an alternative for reducing the radiation dose behind the digital imaging plate during intra-oral radiography.

Objectives: To verify the use of tungsten sheet as an alternative to lead foil for reducing the radiation dose behind storage phosphor plates (SPPs).

Methods: At six sites (incisor, canine, and molar sites in both the maxilla and mandible) in a head phantom, radiation doses were initially measured behind conventional film packets containing two films and a lead foil. At the same sites, radiation doses were also measured behind packets containing only SPPs.