Administration of lipid emulsion reduced the hypnotic potency of propofol more than that of thiamylal in mice.

Administration in a lipid emulsion can modify the pharmacodynamics of drugs via a process known as lipid resuscitation. However, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. We studied the volume and another pharmacodynamic effect, the lipid sink, using propofol and thiamylal.

Effects of over-the-counter at-home whitening products with LED light on surface roughness of partially- and fully crystalized CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramics.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of over-the-counter (OTC) at-home whitening products with LED light on partially- and fully-crystalized CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramics. Two partially-crystalized CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramics, Amber Mill and IPS e.max CAD, and one fully-crystalized CAD/CAM lithium disilicate ceramic, n!ce Straumann, were used.

The use of artificial intelligence and game-based learning in removable partial denture design: A comparative study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare student performance in removable partial denture (RPD) design during a pre-clinical RPD course with and without using a recently developed computer software named AiDental. Additionally, student perceptions associated with the use of this software were assessed.

Methods: The AiDental software consists of a learning environment containing an RPD design system that automatically designs RPDs based on the user's input.

Effect of deep transfer learning with a different kind of lesion on classification performance of pre-trained model: Verification with radiolucent lesions on panoramic radiographs.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to clarify the influence of training with a different kind of lesion on the performance of a target model.

Materials And Methods: A total of 310 patients (211 men, 99 women; average age, 47.9±16.

Frequency-dependent hearing outcomes with or without preservation of intact ossicular articulations.

Objective: To determine the frequency-specific benefits of ossicular chain preservation compared to performing disarticulations and reconstructions in transmastoid facial nerve decompression surgery in patients with an intact ossicular chain.

Methods: A retrospective chart review (January 2007 and June 2018) of patients undergoing transmastoid facial nerve decompression on the intact middle ear for severe facial palsy at a tertiary referral center. Surgery was performed with ossicular chain disarticulation on an as-needed basis using either ossicular chain preservation (without ossicular disarticulation), incudostapedial separation, or incus disarticulation technique.

Hemodynamic response related to the Airway Scope versus the Macintosh laryngoscope: A systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.

Background: It is important to reduce the hemodynamic response during tracheal intubation. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the Airway Scope and Macintosh laryngoscope to determine whether they reduce the hemodynamic responses of heart rate (HR) and mean blood pressure (MBP) after tracheal intubation under general anesthesia.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature search of electronic databases for clinical trials comparing hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation.

A Case of Surgery Cancellation Following the Discovery of Anisocoria After Induction of General Anesthesia.

Anisocoria after induction of general anesthesia may indicate a severe cerebrovascular disorder. We encountered a case in which anisocoria in the left and right eyes was noticed after induction of general anesthesia, and the surgery was canceled. The patient was a 53-year-old woman with a history of hypertension.

Hyaluronic acid hydrogels support to generate integrated bone formation through endochondral ossification in vivo using mesenchymal stem cells.

Engineered cartilage tissue from differentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can generate bone in vivo through endochondral ossification (ECO). This ECO-mediated approach has the potential to circumvent the severe problems associated with conventional MSC-based bone tissue engineering techniques that lack mechanisms to induce angiogenesis. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a key component in the cartilage extracellular matrix.

Establishment of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Cell Lines from Surgical and Recurrence Biopsy Specimens.

Patients with advanced/recurrent mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) have a poor prognosis. This study aimed to establish and characterize human mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell lines from the initial surgical specimen and biopsy specimen upon recurrence from the same patient to provide a resource for MEC research. MEC specimens from the initial surgical procedure and biopsy upon recurrence were used to establish cell lines.

3M microfoam™ surgical tape prevents nasal pressure injury associated with nasotracheal intubation: A randomized double-blind trial.

Background: 3M microfoam™ surgical tape (3ST: 3M Japan Limited) is used for pressure wound control of medical equipment. It is cushioned and can be fitted to any body part. Here we investigated whether 3ST prevents nasal pressure injury associated with nasotracheal intubation (NTI).

Trametinib improves Treg selectivity of anti-CCR4 antibody by regulating CCR4 expression in CTLs in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) play a major role in suppressing anti-tumor immune responses. Mogamulizumab, an anti-CC chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) monoclonal antibody, depletes effector Tregs (eTregs). However, the clinical efficacy of mogamulizumab was limited in phase Ia/Ib studies for solid tumors (NCT01929486); the finding suggests that mogamulizumab may also deplete beneficial CCR4CD8 T-cells in patients.

Automatic visualization of the mandibular canal in relation to an impacted mandibular third molar on panoramic radiographs using deep learning segmentation and transfer learning techniques.

Objective: The aim of this study was to create and assess a deep learning model using segmentation and transfer learning methods to visualize the proximity of the mandibular canal to an impacted third molar on panoramic radiographs.

Study Design: The panoramic radiographs containing the mandibular canal and impacted third molar were collected from 2 hospitals (Hospitals A and B). A total of 3200 areas were used for creating and evaluating learning models.

Nasal protection strategy reduces the incidence of nasal pressure injuries during nasotracheal intubation: Meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.

Background: Nasal pressure injury is a serious problem during nasotracheal intubation. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether use of a nasal protection strategy (a protective dressing or a modified fixation method for the tracheal tube) reduces the incidence of nasal pressure injury during nasotracheal intubation.

Methods: Literature searches were performed using three electronic databases.

Transfer learning in diagnosis of maxillary sinusitis using panoramic radiography and conventional radiography.

Objectives: To clarify the performance of transfer learning with a small number of Waters' images at institution B in diagnosing maxillary sinusitis, based on a source model trained with a large number of panoramic radiographs at institution A.

Methods: The source model was created by a 200-epoch training process with 800 training and 60 validation datasets of panoramic radiographs at institution A using VGG-16. One hundred and eighty Waters' and 180 panoramic image patches with or without maxillary sinusitis at institution B were enrolled in this study, and were arbitrarily assigned to 120 training, 20 validation, and 40 test datasets, respectively.

Deep-learning systems for diagnosing cleft palate on panoramic radiographs in patients with cleft alveolus.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to create effective deep learning-based models for diagnosing the presence or absence of cleft palate (CP) in patients with unilateral or bilateral cleft alveolus (CA) on panoramic radiographs.

Methods: The panoramic images of 491 patients who had unilateral or bilateral cleft alveolus were used to create two models. Model A, which detects the upper incisor area on panoramic radiographs and classifies the areas into the presence or absence of CP, was created using both object detection and classification functions of DetectNet.

Feasibility of oral microbiome profiles associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective: Recently, the possibility that oral microbiomes is associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) initiation and progression has attracted attention; however, this association is still unclear. Here, we comprehensively analyze the microbiome profiles of saliva samples using next-generation sequencing followed by determining the association between oral microbiome profiles and OSCC.

Materials And Methods: Microbiome profiles in saliva samples from patients with OSCC, oral leukoplakia (OLK), and postoperative OSCC (Post) were analyzed.

Protocol to image and analyze the morphology of mouse peripheral nerves using transmission electron microscopy.

Morphological analysis of peripheral nerves in mouse models can be used to characterize the pathophysiology of peripheral nerve disease, but obtaining high-quality electron micrographs can be challenging. Here, we present a protocol to obtain electron micrographs of mouse peripheral nerves. We detail the procedures of sampling, fixation, and embedding of peripheral nerves.

Bone Tissue Engineering in Rat Calvarial Defects Using Induced Bone-like Tissue by rhBMPs from Immature Muscular Tissues In Vitro.

This study aimed to induce bone-like tissue from immature muscular tissue (IMT) in vitro using commercially available recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP)-2, rhBMP-4, and rhBMP-7, and then implanting this tissue into a calvarial defect in rats to assess healing. IMTs were extracted from 20-day-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) fetal rats, placed on expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) with 10 ng/μL each of rhBMP-2, BMP-4, and BMP-7, and cultured for two weeks. The specimens were implanted into calvarial defects in 3-week-old SD rats for up to three weeks.

Acoustic neuromas associated with sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Background: Several studies have reported sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SHL) as an initial symptom of acoustic neuromas (ANs).

Aims/objectives: We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the incidence of SHL and the associated rates of post-treatment improvement in patients diagnosed with ANs.

Materials And Methods: We analysed the clinical data of 686 patients with ANs and examined tumour size, correlation with hearing loss, number of episodes of SHL, extent of auditory recovery, and associated audiogram patterns.

In Situ PD-L1 Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Is Induced by Heterogeneous Mechanisms among Patients.

The expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is controlled by complex mechanisms. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of PD-L1 expression is important for the exploration of new insights into PD-1 blockade therapy. Detailed mechanisms of the in situ expression of PD-L1 in tissues of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) have not yet been clarified.

Anatomical characteristics of two cases of aberrant right subclavian artery.

An aberrant right subclavian artery is a branching variation of the aortic arch. We encountered two female cadavers with an aberrant right subclavian artery during routine student dissection at our school. In both cases, the right subclavian artery was not a branch of the brachiocephalic trunk but originated directly from the distal part of the aortic arch as the last branch and ran between the esophagus and vertebral column, traveling to the upper limb.

Signaling domains of cancer-associated glycolipids.

Immunotherapy of malignant cancers is now becoming one of representative approaches to overcome cancers. To construct strategies for immunotherapy, presence of tumor-specific antigens should be a major promise. A number of cancer specific- or cancer-associated antigens have been reported based on various experimental sets and various animal systems.