Evidence-based diagnostic prediction score for pediatric NMDA receptor encephalitis.

Objective: Early diagnosis and treatment of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARE) are crucial for a favorable prognosis. Detecting the causative autoantibodies can be challenging. Probable diagnostic criteria are useful in adults less so in children.

Day surgery in children: 15-year analysis of unplanned admissions at a Japanese tertiary children's hospital.

Purpose: Unplanned hospital admission following pediatric day surgery is a crucial quality indicator. This study examined the incidence, related risks, interventions, and outcomes of unplanned hospital admission following pediatric day surgery among children in Japan.

Methods: This single-center, retrospective study analyzed data of 14,529 pediatric patients under the age of 18 years who underwent day surgery between August 2007 and December 2022.

Evaluating post-cardiac arrest blood pressure thresholds associated with neurologic outcome in children: Insights from the pediRES-Q database.

Background: Current Pediatric Advanced Life Support Guidelines recommend maintaining blood pressure (BP) above the 5th percentile for age following return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after cardiac arrest (CA). Emerging evidence suggests that targeting higher thresholds, such as the 10th or 25th percentiles, may improve neurologic outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the association between post-ROSC BP thresholds and neurologic outcome, hypothesizing that maintaining mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) above these thresholds would be associated with improved outcomes at hospital discharge.

Sarcomere gene variants did not improve cardiac function in pediatric patients with dilated cardiomyopathy from Japanese cohorts.

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by impaired cardiac contraction and ventricular dilation. However, some patients with DCM improve when experiencing left ventricular reverse remodeling (LVRR). Currently, the detailed association between genotypes and clinical outcomes, including LVRR, particularly among children, remains uncertain.

Impact of low-dose sevoflurane with propofol-based anesthesia on motor-evoked potentials in infants: a single-arm crossover pilot study.

Purpose: The influence of anesthetic interactions on motor-evoked potentials in infants has rarely been reported. In infants, adding a small dose of sevoflurane to propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia is reasonable for reducing propofol administration. We collected preliminary data regarding the effect of low-dose sevoflurane in propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia on motor-evoked potentials in infants.

Clinical Impact of Specific Extraocular Muscle Manipulation and the Oculocardiac Reflex on Postoperative Vomiting in Pediatric Strabismus Surgery: A Multicenter, Observational Study.

Background: Strabismus surgery, which is commonly performed in children, poses a high risk of postoperative vomiting. The current anesthesia guidelines for the prevention of postoperative vomiting in children are based on heterogeneous populations involving different types of surgery, and risk factors for postoperative vomiting in, specifically, the pediatric strabismus surgery population are unclear. Moreover, the effects of manipulating the deeply attached extraocular muscles and the oculocardiac reflex on this risk remain inconclusive.

Adult Height in Girls with Central Precocious Puberty with Onset after 6 Years: Effects of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analog Therapy.

Introduction: Precocious puberty (PP), which is sometimes divided into gonadotropin-dependent or gonadotropin-independent PP, is a pathological condition characterized by premature secretion of gonadal steroids resulting in the early development of secondary sexual characteristics. Girls younger than 6 years with idiopathic gonadotropin-dependent PP (referred to as central PP or CPP) who receive gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) therapy experience an increase in their adult height (AH) in contrast to girls who are aged 6 years or more, who show no consistent pattern of increase even with GnRHa therapy.

Methods: In total, 133 girls aged 6 years or more who visited any one of the seven study centers between April 2000 and March 2020 and who met the diagnostic criteria for PP in Japan were retrospectively examined.

Balloon angioplasty for bilateral severe peripheral pulmonary artery stenoses associated with chondrodysplasia punctata: a case report.

We present a 2-month-old girl with chondrodysplasia punctata in whom bilateral peripheral pulmonary artery stenoses were successfully treated by transcatheter balloon angioplasty. The minimal diameters of the right and left pulmonary arteries of 1.3 mm and 1.

Meclozine and growth hormone ameliorate bone length and quality in experimental models of achondroplasia.

Introduction: Achondroplasia (ACH) is a common skeletal dysplasia associated with short-limbed short stature caused by gain-of-function mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene. Meclozine was found to inhibit FGFR3 signaling using a drug repositioning strategy. In some countries, growth hormone (GH) has been employed to ameliorate short stature in children with ACH.

Usefulness of lateral-anteroposterior dimeter ratio in patients with tracheomalacia associated with esophageal atresia.

Purpose: Tracheomalacia (TM) is commonly associated with esophageal atresia (EA) and compression by the brachiocephalic artery is a factor for TM. Previous research has focused on the lateral-to-anteroposterior tracheal diameter ratio (LAR). This study aimed to assess the LAR and postoperative outcomes of EA patients.

Duration of prehospital and in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation and neurological outcome in paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Background: Because of their young age and lack of known comorbidities, paediatric patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) often undergo prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We aimed to determine the association between prehospital and in-hospital CPR duration and neurological outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of data from the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine-OHCA Registry for patients <18 years of age with OHCA between June 2014 and December 2019.

Factors influencing auditory brainstem response changes in infants.

Background: To elucidate the factors influencing auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold improvement in infants.

Methods: This retrospective study included 626 infants who underwent ABR at the our Health and Medical Center between 2016 and 2020. Preliminary assessment indicated that 352 infants had an ABR threshold ≥40 dBnHL in both ears.

Impact of antenatal corticosteroids on subcortical volumes in preterm infants at term-equivalent age: A retrospective observational study.

Objective: Antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) is a well-established treatment for women at risk of preterm birth that improves neonatal outcomes. However, several concerns have been raised regarding the potential long-term adverse effects of ACS on the offspring's developing brain. Here we investigated the association between ACS and subcortical segmental volumes in preterm infants at term-equivalent age.

Real-time feedback for CPR quality - A scoping review.

Background: Previous systematic reviews have failed to find an association between the use of real-time feedback during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and patient outcomes. However, these reviews excluded studies examining feedback with other system changes. As part of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) continuous evidence evaluation process, we conducted a scoping review to examine the current state of this literature and the use of real-time feedback in this form.

Ravulizumab in Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: An Analysis of 2-Year Efficacy and Safety Outcomes in 2 Phase 3 Trials.

Rationale & Objective: Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare form of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) caused by complement dysregulation. Ravulizumab is a C5i approved for the treatment of aHUS. This analysis assessed long-term outcomes of ravulizumab in adults and pediatric patients with aHUS.