Reproductive factors and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer: results from the Asia Cohort Consortium.

Background: There are scarce data on risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in Asian populations. Our goal was to advance knowledge on reproductive -related risk factors for EOC in a large population of Asian women.

Methods: This study used pooled individual data from baseline questionnaires in 11 prospective cohorts (baseline years, 1958-2015) in the Asia Cohort Consortium.

A novel mouse model of upper tract urothelial carcinoma highlights the impact of dietary intervention on gut microbiota and carcinogenesis prevention despite carcinogen exposure.

Animal models of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxy butyl) nitrosamine (BBN)-induced urothelial carcinoma (UC), particularly bladder cancer (BC), have long been established. However, the rare incidence of BBN-induced upper urinary tract UC (UTUC), which originates from the same urothelium as BC, remains elusive. The scarcity of animal models of UTUC has made it challenging to study the biology of UTUC.

TEAD-independent cell growth of Hippo-inactive mesothelioma cells: Unveiling resistance to TEAD inhibitor K-975 through MYC signaling activation.

Inactivation of the Hippo tumor suppressive pathway is frequently observed in mesothelioma, which leads to the activation of YAP and TAZ (YAP/TAZ) transcriptional coactivators. YAP/TAZ form complexes with TEAD family members, DNA-binding proteins, to activate transcription, which promotes cancer cell growth and proliferation. Recently developed TEAD inhibitors exhibit antitumor activity by inhibiting the formation of the transcription complex through binding to TEAD; however, the antitumor activity of TEAD inhibitors against mesothelioma remains to be fully elucidated.

Frequency and Significance of Body Weight Loss During Immunochemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Limited data are available on the frequency and significance of body weight loss during cancer therapy. This study investigated the frequency of patients who experienced body weight loss during immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) plus chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the impact of weight loss on treatment outcomes. Using the clinical data of 370 patients with NSCLC who received a combination of ICI and chemotherapy at 13 institutions, this study investigated the frequency of body weight loss > 5% during treatment and determined the impact of body weight loss on patient outcomes.

Barcoding of small extracellular vesicles with CRISPR-gRNA enables comprehensive, subpopulation-specific analysis of their biogenesis and release regulators.

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are important intercellular information transmitters in various biological contexts, but their release processes remain poorly understood. Herein, we describe a high-throughput assay platform, CRISPR-assisted individually barcoded sEV-based release regulator (CIBER) screening, for identifying key players in sEV release. CIBER screening employs sEVs barcoded with CRISPR-gRNA through the interaction of gRNA and dead Cas9 fused with an sEV marker.

Comparative analysis of the B cell receptor repertoire during relapse and remission in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, multifactorial, inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which involves an autoimmune response against components of the myelin sheaths. Anti-B cell therapies have been proven to be successful in reducing relapses. Therefore, the study of B cells in both phases of the disease (relapse and remission) is of great importance.

Body mass index and breast cancer risk in premenopausal and postmenopausal East Asian women: a pooled analysis of 13 cohort studies.

Background: It has been suggested that the association between body mass index and breast cancer risk differs between Asian women and Western women. We aimed to assess the associations between body mass index and breast cancer incidence in East Asian women.

Methods: Pooled analyses were performed using individual participant data of 319,189 women from 13 cohort studies in Japan, Korea, and China.

Dairy Intake and All-Cause, Cancer, and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Risk in A Large Japanese Population: A 12-Year Follow-Up of the J-MICC Study.

Aim: We examined the association between dairy intake and all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality in a cohort of the general population followed up for 12 years across Japan.

Methods: We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of 79,715 participants from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort study (57.2% women, mean age 54.

Machine learning model for predicting the cold-heat pattern in Kampo medicine: a multicenter prospective observational study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to predict the four cold-heat patterns in patients who have the subjective symptoms of the cold-heat pattern described in the International Classification of Diseases Traditional Medicine Conditions - Module 1 by applying a machine learning algorithm.

Methods: Subjects were first-visit Kampo outpatients at six institutions who agreed to participate in this multicenter prospective observational study. The cold pattern model and the heat pattern model were created separately with 148 symptoms, body mass index, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), age, and sex.

The Significance of Comprehensive Metabolic Phenotypes in Cancer Risk: A Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study.

The prospective cohort study in a large Japanese population suggested that metabolic phenotypes are important risk factors for total and some site-specific cancers in Japanese adults. Moreover, the risk of each site-specific cancer may differ according to metabolic phenotypes.

Amplification in Small-Cell Lung Cancer-Transformed Tumors Following Resistance to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.

Background/objectives: Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting EGFR-activating mutations significantly improved the outcome of EGFR-mutant NSCLC, resistance inevitably emerges. Despite the heterogeneity of these resistance mechanisms, many induce activation of MAPK signaling in the presence of EGFR-TKIs. While gene amplification is identified as a resistance mechanism that activates MAPK signaling by directly interacting with RAS, little is known about its clinicopathologic characteristics.

Food group intakes and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein among community-dwelling Japanese adults: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Healthy dietary patterns have been linked to lower levels of chronic inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate the associations between food group intakes and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) among community-dwelling adults.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Immunological impact of intraperitoneal and intravenous chemotherapy in ovarian cancer, translational analyses of the Phase 3 iPocc trial.

Background: The iPocc trial, a randomized, global phase 3 study that compared intraperitoneal (IP) and intravenous (IV) carboplatin with dose-dense paclitaxel chemotherapy in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients, demonstrated improved progression-free survival in patients who received IP chemotherapy. The present study aimed to investigate the role of preexisting tumor immunity in the clinical outcomes of patients receiving IP chemotherapy.

Methods: This study involved analyzing patient data from the iPocc trial, selectively of those whose tumor specimens were preserved at the time of primary surgery.

Novel MLH1 nonsense variant in a patient with suspected Lynch syndrome.

Loss-of-function germline variants of MLH1 cause Lynch syndrome. Here, we present the case of a 43-year-old male patient diagnosed with cecal and transverse colon adenocarcinomas. The characteristics of the case met the revised Bethesda guidelines, and the tumors demonstrated a high frequency of microsatellite instability.

ctDNA-based molecular residual disease and survival in resectable colorectal cancer.

The interim analysis of the CIRCULATE-Japan GALAXY observational study demonstrated the association of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based molecular residual disease (MRD) detection with recurrence risk and benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in resectable colorectal cancer (CRC). This updated analysis with a 23-month median follow-up, including 2,240 patients with stage II-III colon cancer or stage IV CRC, reinforces the prognostic value of ctDNA positivity during the MRD window with significantly inferior disease-free survival (DFS; hazard ratio (HR): 11.99, P < 0.

Safety of a short-term infusion of fosnetupitant in patients with gastrointestinal and breast cancer: a prospective study.

Background: Fosnetupitant, a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist, is used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients undergoing highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC). Previous phase III trials demonstrated the non-inferiority of its 30-minute infusion to fosaprepitant in efficacy and a favorable safety profile.

Methods: This was a single-arm, phase II study to investigate the safety of a 15-minute infusion of fosnetupitant in patients with gastrointestinal and breast cancer.

Significance of blood culture testing after pancreatoduodenectomy.

Aim: The aim of this study was to clarify the significance of blood culture testing in the postoperative period of pancreatoduodectomy (PD), a highly invasive surgery.

Methods: Rates of blood culture sampling and positivity were investigated for febrile episodes (FEs) in patients who underwent PD (2016-2021). FEs were defined as body temperature of 38.