A critical overview of adsorption kinetics for cooling and refrigeration systems.

The dynamic uptake of adsorbate onto the porous adsorbent plays a crucial role in determining the performance of the adsorption-based cooling system. Therefore, it is imperative to know the kinetics parameters of an adsorbate - adsorbent pair to design a system to be operated at variable working conditions. The kinetics models of adsorption, used to simulate the adsorption rate of different pairs, are derived and presented in this paper.

Challenges to COVID-19 vaccine supply chain: Implications for sustainable development goals.

The COVID-19 outbreak has demonstrated the diverse challenges that supply chains face to significant disruptions. Vaccine supply chains are no exception. Therefore, it is elemental that challenges to the COVID-19 vaccine supply chain (VSC) are identified and prioritized to pave the way out of this pandemic.

Automated COVID-19 Detection from Chest X-Ray Images: A High-Resolution Network (HRNet) Approach.

The pandemic, originated by novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), continuing its devastating effect on the health, well-being, and economy of the global population. A critical step to restrain this pandemic is the early detection of COVID-19 in the human body to constraint the exposure and control the spread of the virus. Chest X-Rays are one of the non-invasive tools to detect this disease as the manual PCR diagnosis process is quite tedious and time-consuming.

Effects of osmotic pressure on the irreversible electroporation in giant lipid vesicles.

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a nonthermal tumor/cell ablation technique in which a series of high-voltage short pulses are used. As a new approach, we aimed to investigate the rupture of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) using the IRE technique under different osmotic pressures (Π), and estimated the membrane tension due to Π. Two categories of GUVs were used in this study.

Resolving the differences between system development and system operation using STAMP: a road safety case study in a low-income setting.

Road safety strategies adopted worldwide have made significant progress in reducing road trauma, but have stagnated more recently. The situation in low- and middle-income countries is even worse with no significant decrease in fatality rates. Safety researchers have argued that adopting sociotechnical systems approach is necessary to make significant advancements and improvements.

Improving supply chain sustainability in the context of COVID-19 pandemic in an emerging economy: Exploring drivers using an integrated model.

Motivated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the challenges it poses to supply chain sustainability (SCS), this research aims to investigate the drivers of sustainable supply chain (SSC) to tackle supply chain disruptions in such a pandemic in the context of a particular emerging economy: Bangladesh. To achieve this aim, a methodology is proposed based on the Pareto analysis, fuzzy theory, total interpretive structural modelling (TISM), and Matriced Impacts Cruoses Multiplication Applique a un Classement techniques (MICMAC). The proposed methodology is tested using experienced supply chain practitioners as well as academic experts' inputs from the emerging economy.

COVID-19: Impact analysis and recommendations for power sector operation.

The demand of electricity has been reduced significantly due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Governments around the world were compelled to reduce the business activity in response to minimize the threat of coronavirus. This on-going situation due to COVID-19 has changed the lifestyle globally as people are mostly staying home and working from home if possible.

The effect of hemodynamic parameters in patient-based coronary artery models with serial stenoses: normal and hypertension cases.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the hemodynamic significance of various degrees of coronary area of stenosis (AS) and multiple sequential stenoses (MSS) in normal and hypertension pressure conditions. MSS in a single branch coronary artery pose challenges to determine the physiological assessment in the prevalent invasive intervention. The hemodynamic parameters of each stenosis are influenced by other stenoses in the single branch of MSS coronary artery.

Manufacturing of Al Alloy Microrods by Micro Cutting in a Micromachining Center.

This paper presents the micromanufacturing of aluminum (Al) alloy microrods using micro turning as a competing process to other nontraditional micromachining methods. In that regard, the challenges in such manufacturing have been identified and overcome. The strategies of step-by-step cutting have also been delineated.

Performance Evaluation of Vegetable Oil-Based Nano-Cutting Fluids in Environmentally Friendly Machining of Inconel-800 Alloy.

Recently, the application of nano-cutting fluids has gained much attention in the machining of nickel-based super alloys due their good lubricating/cooling properties including thermal conductivity, viscosity, and tribological characteristics. In this study, a set of turning experiments on new nickel-based alloy i.e.

Internal Cracks and Non-Metallic Inclusions as Root Causes of Casting Failure in Sugar Mill Roller Shafts.

The sugar mill roller shaft is one of the critical parts of the sugar industry. It requires careful manufacturing and testing in order to meet the stringent specification when it is used for applications under continuous fatigue and wear environments. For heavy industry, the manufacturing of such heavy parts (>600 mm diameter) is a challenge, owing to ease of occurrence of surface/subsurface cracks and inclusions that lead to the rejection of the final product.

Evaluating the effect of micro-lubrication in orthopedic drilling.

Achievement of low temperature, thrust force, and clean operating zone under with/without irrigation-assisted drilling is still a challenge in orthopedic surgery owing to substantial bone-tissue damage that extends the healing time. In order to mitigate the above challenges, a new micro-lubrication technique-a low-pressure cold mist impinged on the tool-bone joint interface and penetrating well into the bone surface to improve the cooling/lubrication efficiency-has been proposed in bone drilling. In this study, the aims are to characterize the effect of micro-cooling/lubrication on temperature and thrust force at different levels of cutting speed, feed rate, drill diameter, and coolant flow rate.

Evaluation of Copper-Based Alloy (C93200) Composites Reinforced with Marble Dust Developed by Stir Casting under Vacuum Environment.

Copper-based alloy (C93200) composites reinforced with a different weight percentage of marble dust particles (1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 wt.

Experimental Studies on MoS-Treated Grinding Wheel Active Surface Condition after High-Efficiency Internal Cylindrical Grinding Process of INCONEL Alloy 718.

This work demonstrates that molybdenum disulfide can be successfully used as an impregnating substance that is introduced in the abrasive tool structure for improving its cutting properties and favorably affecting the effects of the abrasive process. For the experimental studies, a set of MoS-treated small-sized grinding wheels with a technical designation 1-35×10×10×109A5X60L10VE0 PI-50 before and after the reciprocating internal cylindrical grinding process of rings made from INCONEL alloy 718 was prepared. The condition of grinding wheel active surface was analyzed using an advanced observation measurement system based on stylus/optical profilometry, as well as confocal and electron microscopy.

Multi-Response Optimization of Face Milling Performance Considering Tool Path Strategies in Machining of Al-2024.

It is hypothesized that the orientation of tool maneuvering in the milling process defines the quality of machining. In that respect, here, the influence of different path strategies of the tool in face milling is investigated, and subsequently, the best strategy is identified following systematic optimization. The surface roughness, material removal rate and cutting time are considered as key responses, whereas the cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut were considered as inputs (quantitative factors) beside the tool path strategy (qualitative factor) for the material Al 2024 with a torus end mill.

Investigations of Machining Characteristics in the Upgraded MQL-Assisted Turning of Pure Titanium Alloys Using Evolutionary Algorithms.

Environmental protection is the major concern of any form of manufacturing industry today. As focus has shifted towards sustainable cooling strategies, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) has proven its usefulness. The current survey intends to make the MQL strategy more effective while improving its performance.

Intelligent Optimization of Hard-Turning Parameters Using Evolutionary Algorithms for Smart Manufacturing.

Recently, the concept of smart manufacturing systems urges for intelligent optimization of process parameters to eliminate wastage of resources, especially materials and energy. In this context, the current study deals with optimization of hard-turning parameters using evolutionary algorithms. Though the complex programming, parameters selection, and ability to obtain the global optimal solution are major concerns of evolutionary based algorithms, in the present paper, the optimization was performed by using efficient algorithms i.

Influence of Different Grades of CBN Inserts on Cutting Force and Surface Roughness of AISI H13 Die Tool Steel during Hard Turning Operation.

Now-a-days, the application of hard tuning with CBN tool has been massively increased because the hard turning is a good alternative to grinding process. However, there are some issues that need to be addressed related to the CBN grades and their particular applications in the area of hard turning process. This experimental study investigated the effects of three different grades of CBN insert on the cutting forces and surface roughness.

Multi-Objective Optimization for Grinding of AISI D2 Steel with Al₂O₃ Wheel under MQL.

In the present study, the machinability indices of surface grinding of AISI D2 steel under dry, flood cooling, and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) conditions are compared. The comparison was confined within three responses, namely, the surface quality, surface temperature, and normal force. For deeper insight, the surface topography of MQL-assisted ground surface was analyzed too.

Machinability Investigations of Inconel-800 Super Alloy under Sustainable Cooling Conditions.

With regard to the manufacturing of innovative hard-machining super alloys (i.e., Inconel-800), a potential alternative for improving the process is using a novel cutting fluid approach.

Synthesis, Characterization, Corrosion Resistance and In-Vitro Bioactivity Behavior of Biodegradable Mg⁻Zn⁻Mn⁻(Si⁻HA) Composite for Orthopaedic Applications.

Recently, magnesium (Mg) has gained attention as a potential material for orthopedics devices, owing to the combination of its biodegradability and similar mechanical characteristics to those of bones. However, the rapid decay rate of Mg alloy is one of the critical barriers amongst its widespread applications that have provided numerous research scopes to the scientists. In this present, porous Mg-based biodegradable structures have been fabricated through the hybridization of elemental alloying and spark plasma sintering technology.

Response surface and neural network based predictive models of cutting temperature in hard turning.

The present study aimed to develop the predictive models of average tool-workpiece interface temperature in hard turning of AISI 1060 steels by coated carbide insert. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were employed to predict the temperature in respect of cutting speed, feed rate and material hardness. The number and orientation of the experimental trials, conducted in both dry and high pressure coolant (HPC) environments, were planned using full factorial design.

Removal of emerging perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate contaminants from lake water.

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are the major polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) contaminating global water environment. This study investigated the efficiency of granular activated carbon (GAC), ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) treatment for removing PFOS and PFOA contaminants from lake water. NF gave greater removal of all contaminant types (in terms of organic matter, PFOS and PFOA) than GAC treatment which in turn was greater than UF treatment.

Impact of ozonation, anion exchange resin and UV/HO pre-treatments to control fouling of ultrafiltration membrane for drinking water treatment.

The effects of ozonation, anion exchange resin (AER) and UV/HO were investigated as a pre-treatment to control organic fouling (OF) of ultrafiltration membrane in the treatment of drinking water. It was found that high molecular weight (MW) organics such as protein and polysaccharide substances were majorly responsible for reversible fouling which contributed to 90% of total fouling. The decline rate increased with successive filtration cycles due to deposition of protein content over time.

Removal of arsenic and iron removal from drinking water using coagulation and biological treatment.

Effects of biological activated carbon (BAC), biological aerated filter (BAF), alum coagulation and Moringa oleifera coagulation were investigated to remove iron and arsenic contaminants from drinking water. At an initial dose of 5 mg/L, the removal efficiency for arsenic and iron was 63% and 58% respectively using alum, and 47% and 41% respectively using Moringa oleifera. The removal of both contaminants increased with the increase in coagulant dose and decrease in pH.