First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode on Tomato in Serbia.

Root-knot nematode (RKN) Carneiro, Correa, Almeida, Gomes, Deimi, Castagnone-Sereno, and Karssen, 2014 was described from Brazil, Chile and Iran, parasitizing in various crops (Carneiro et al. 2014). It was later also described from Slovenia, Italy, Greece, Portugal, Turkey and Guatemala (review in Gerič Stare et al.

Honey bee (Apis mellifera) wing images: a tool for identification and conservation.

Background: The honey bee (Apis mellifera) is an ecologically and economically important species that provides pollination services to natural and agricultural systems. The biodiversity of the honey bee in parts of its native range is endangered by migratory beekeeping and commercial breeding. In consequence, some honey bee populations that are well adapted to the local environment are threatened with extinction.

Cutting corners: The impact of storage and DNA extraction on quality and quantity of DNA in honeybee () spermatheca.

The purpose of our study was to investigate methods of short-term storage that allow preservation, transport and retrieval of genetic information contained in honeybee queen's spermatheca. Genotyping of the honeybee colony requires well ahead planned sample collection, depending on the type of data to be acquired. Sampling and genotyping of spermatheca's content instead of individual offspring is timesaving, allowing answers to the questions related to patriline composition immediately after mating.

Compositional Traits of Grains and Groats of Barley, Oat and Spelt Grown at Organic and Conventional Fields.

Barley, oats, or spelt consumed as minimally processed whole grains provide several health benefits, especially when grown under organic field management conditions. Therefore, the effects of organic and conventional farming on the compositional traits (protein, fibre, fat, and ash) of barley, oat, and spelt grains and groats were compared using three winter barley varieties ('Anemone', 'BC Favorit', and 'Sandra'), two spring oat varieties ('Max' and 'Noni'), and three spelt varieties ('Ebners Rotkorn', 'Murska bela', and 'Ostro'). Groats were produced from harvested grains by a combination of threshing, winnowing, and brushing/polishing.

Effect of Cocoa Roasting on Chocolate Polyphenols Evolution.

Cocoa and chocolate antioxidants might contribute to human health through, for instance, blood flow improvement or blood pressure and glycemia reduction, as well as cognitive function improvement. Unfortunately, polyphenol content is reduced during cocoa fermentation, drying, roasting and all the other phases involved in the chocolate production. Here, we investigated the evolution of the polyphenol content during all the different steps of chocolate production, with a special emphasis on roasting (3 different roasting cycles with 80, 100, and 130 °C as maximum temperature).

A single point mutation expands the applicability of ostreolysin A6 in biomedicine.

An aegerolysin protein ostreolysin A6 (OlyA6) binds to cholesterol-complexed sphingomyelin and can be used for specific labelling of lipid rafts. In addition, OlyA6 interacts with even higher affinity with ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE), a sphingolipid that dominates in invertebrate cell membranes. In the presence of pleurotolysin B, a protein bearing the membrane-attack complex/perforin domain, OlyA6 forms pores in insect midgut cell membranes and acts as a potent bioinsecticide.

Identification and Characterisation of pv. as the Causal Agent of Olive Knot Disease in Croatian, Slovenian and Portuguese Olive ( L.) Orchards.

Strains of pv. (), isolated from infected olive trees ( L.) in three European countries (Croatia, Slovenia and Portugal) were identified and characterised according to their colony morphology, physiological and biochemical features.

Nutrients, Phytic Acid and Bioactive Compounds in Marketable Pulses.

Pulses are edible seeds of plants belonging to the legume family, which are of great importance for human and animal nutrition. In this study, several nutrients, antinutrients and bioactive compounds were quantified in the seeds of ten pulses, i.e.

A matter of body weight and sex type: Pig carcass chemical composition and pork quality.

This study compares minced carcass chemical composition and meat quality of castrated (CM), immunocastrated (IM) and entire male (EM), and female (FE) pigs at 70, 100 and 120 kg target body weights (TBW) (n = 80; 20 per sex). Sex affected fat, protein, and moisture content of the minced carcasses. Carcass fatty acid (FA) composition was affected by sex, with higher saturated and monounsaturated FA content in CM than in FE, IM and EM, and higher polyunsaturated FA in CM than in EM, with FE and IM in between.

Cyanidin 3-glucoside targets a hepatic bilirubin transporter in rats.

One of the organ-specific functions of the liver is the excretion of bilirubin into the bile. Membrane transport of bilirubin from the blood to the liver is not only an orphan function, because there is no link to the protein/gene units that perform this function, but also a poorly characterised function. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacology of bilirubin uptake in the liver of the female Wistar rat to improve basic knowledge in this neglected area of liver physiology.

The importance of pigs' castration strategy on carbon footprint of feed intake, nitrogen and phosphorus efficiency under different management conditions.

The environmental impact of livestock production is under scrutiny nowadays and is being situated both on a global level and local level. On a global level, the global warming potential (GWP) of meat production is criticised. On a local level, the excretion of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is of concern as excess nutrients may lead to water eutrophication and soil acidification.

Satellitome analyses in nematodes illuminate complex species history and show conserved features in satellite DNAs.

Background: Satellite DNAs (satDNAs) are tandemly repeated non-coding DNA sequences that belong to the most abundant and the fastest evolving parts of the eukaryotic genome. A satellitome represents the collection of different satDNAs in a genome. Due to extreme diversity and methodological difficulties to characterize and compare satDNA collection in complex genomes, knowledge on their putative functional constraints and capacity to participate in genome evolution remains rather elusive.

Rewiring of the seed metabolome during Tartary buckwheat domestication.

Crop domestication usually leads to the narrowing genetic diversity. However, human selection mainly focuses on visible traits, such as yield and plant morphology, with most metabolic changes being invisible to the naked eye. Buckwheat accumulates abundant bioactive substances, making it a dual-purpose crop with excellent nutritional and medical value.

Reply to Horacek, M.; Cannavan, A. Comment on "Sinkovič et al. Isotope Fingerprints of Common and Tartary Buckwheat Grains and Milling Fractions: A Preliminary Study. 2022, , 1414".

We thank Dr. Horacek and Dr. Cannavan for their interest [.

From Glaciers to Refrigerators: the Population Genomics and Biocontrol Potential of the Black Yeast Aureobasidium subglaciale.

Apples are affected by numerous fungi known as storage rots, which cause significant losses before and after harvest. Concerns about increasing antimicrobial resistance, bans on various fungicides, and changing consumer preferences are motivating the search for safer means to prevent fruit rot. The use of antagonistic microbes has been shown to be an efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional phytopharmaceuticals.

Histology Basics and Cell Death Detection in Honeybee Tissue.

Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) inside the hive (nurse workers and other hive bees) and outside the hive (foragers) are exposed to climate and weather changes, various pesticides, pathogens, and malnutrition, mainly entering through the mouth and primarily affecting the digestive tracts of adult bees. To understand and prevent the effects of such external and internal stressors on honeybees, one useful research method is the immunohistochemical method.

The Consequences of Mitochondrial T10432C Mutation in Cika Cattle: A "Potential" Model for Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy.

While mitogenome mutations leading to pathological manifestations are rare, more than 200 such mutations have been described in humans. In contrast, pathogenic mitogenome mutations are rare in domestic animals and have not been described at all in cattle. In the small local Slovenian cattle breed Cika, we identified (next-generation sequencing) two cows with the T10432C mitogenome mutation in the ND4L gene, which corresponds to the human T10663C mutation known to cause Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON).

Late Blight Resistance Conferred by in Potato Genotypes In Vitro Depends on the Genetic Background.

Potato production worldwide is threatened by late blight, caused by the oomycete (Mont.) de Bary. Highly resistant potato cultivars were developed in breeding programs, using resistance gene pyramiding methods.

Isotope Fingerprints of Common and Tartary Buckwheat Grains and Milling Fractions: A Preliminary Study.

The grains and milling fractions of common buckwheat ( Moench) and Tartary buckwheat ( (L.) Gaertn.) are widely used for both industrial and small-scale food and non-food products.

The Carniolan Honeybee from Slovenia-A Complete and Annotated Mitochondrial Genome with Comparisons to Closely Related Subspecies.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the Carniolan honeybee () from Slovenia, a homeland of this subspecies, was acquired in two contigs from WGS data and annotated. The newly obtained mitochondrial genome is a circular closed loop of 16,447 bp. It comprises 37 genes (13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes) and an AT-rich control region.

Genetic diversity and population structure of six autochthonous pig breeds from Croatia, Serbia, and Slovenia.

Background: The importance of local breeds as genetic reservoirs of valuable genetic variation is well established. Pig breeding in Central and South-Eastern Europe has a long tradition that led to the formation of several local pig breeds. In the present study, genetic diversity parameters were analysed in six autochthonous pig breeds from Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia (Banija spotted, Black Slavonian, Turopolje pig, Swallow-bellied Mangalitsa, Moravka and Krskopolje pig).