Pesticide residues in grapes from vineyards included in integrated pest management in Slovenia.

Although the list of pesticides used in integrated pest management (IPM) in grape growing and their annual application rates are limited, we are still confronted with the problem of pesticide residues in grapes. This paper presents the results of pesticide monitoring of 47 samples of wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) from the 2006 vintage from vineyards included in IPM.

Cylindrocarpon pauciseptatum sp. nov., with notes on Cylindrocarpon species with wide, predominantly 3-septate macroconidia.

A Cylindrocarpon species with up to 10 microm wide, straight and predominantly 3-septate macroconidia, subglobose to ovoidal microconidia and chlamydospores, is described as Cyl. pauciseptatum. It is most similar to Cyl.

Diversity of Slovenian maize (Zea mays) populations by Hbr (MITE) markers and morphological traits.

Hbr markers are based on location presence/absence of the Heartbreaker family of miniature inverted repeat transposable elements (MITEs). Together with the cost-effective technique--Hbr display were developed in 2000. We chose 15 populations from the Slovenian maize germplasm bank and described ten individual samples per each population by 268 Hbr markers and 35 morphological traits (IPGRI descriptors).

The Incidence of Root-Knot Nematodes Meloidogyne arenaria, M. incognita, and M. javanica on Vegetables and Weeds in Montenegro.

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are common pathogens that parasitize vegetables and other crops and cause significant yield reductions worldwide. In the early spring of 2006, severe plant stunting, chlorosis, and extensive root galling were observed on cucumber plants grown in a greenhouse on Zeta plain, Zetska ravnica, Montenegro.

First Report of Phytophthora citricola Occurring on Fagus sylvatica in Slovenia.

During 2005 and 2006, eight declining, mature Fagus sylvatica trees with severe crown dieback were encountered at two stands near Ljubljana and Kamnik in central Slovenia. Bleeding cankers were seen mostly in the lower parts of the stem. Fresh cankers showed orange brown necroses of the inner bark and cambium.

Xiphinema rivesi from Slovania Transmit Tobacco ringspot virus and Tomato ringspot virus to Cucumber Bait Plants.

The dagger nematode, Xiphinema rivesi Dalmasso, a member of the X. americanum group, was detected in 2002 for the first time in Slovenia and for the fourth time in Europe (4). X.

Variant forms of the binary toxin CDT locus and tcdC gene in Clostridium difficile strains.

Variability in the genes for toxin A, toxin B and other pathogenicity locus regions is well known and is the basis for the distribution of Clostridium difficile strains into variant toxinotypes. Previous data have indicated that some C. difficile strains have a non-functional truncated form of the binary toxin (CDT) locus.

The fate of trans-caftaric acid administered into the rat stomach.

trans-Caftaric acid is the most abundant nonflavonoid phenolic compound in grapes and wines. It occurs in chicory and is one of the bioactive components of Echinacea purpurea. In order to fill the gap of knowledge about its bioavailability in mammals, we investigated its absorption, tissue distribution, and metabolism in rats.

Temporal changes in genetic diversity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) accessions cultivated between 1800 and 2000.

Fourteen microsatellite markers were used to describe genetic diversity in a sample of 128 common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) accessions cultivated within the territory of Slovenia and its nearby regions between 1800 and 2000. The accessions were grouped into three periods, Period I comprising accessions from the beginning of the 19th century, while the other two periods included accessions from the middle (Period II) and the end of the 20th century (Period III).

Genetic differentiation of geographically separated populations of the southern green stink bug Nezara viridula (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae).

Genetic variation in the southern green stink bug Nezara viridula (Linnaeus) from 11 geographically separated sampling locations (Slovenia, France, Greece, Italy, Madeira, Japan, Guadeloupe, Galapagos, California, Brazil and Botswana) was studied by sequencing 16S and 28S rDNA, cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene fragments and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Sequencing revealed 11 distinct haplotypes clustering into lineages A, B and C. Lineage C was characteristic for a single analysed specimen from Botswana.

A survey of nitrate and nitrite content of fruit and vegetables grown in Slovenia during 1996-2002.

Monitoring of nitrate (NO(3)(-)) and nitrite (NO(2)(-)) content in agricultural products in Slovenia has been carried out since 1996. The results of monitoring over the period 1996-2002 are presented. During this time 924 samples of 14 different agricultural products (potato, lettuce, apples, carrot, silage maize, cabbage, grapes, peaches, string beans, cereals, pears, cucumbers, strawberries and tomato) were analysed.

Monitoring of pesticide residues in apples, lettuce and potato of the Slovene origin, 2001-04.

Apples, lettuce and potatoes (404 samples) produced in the Republic of Slovenia were analysed for pesticide residues at the Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Ljubljana, in 2001-04. Sampling from eight agricultural production areas was performed at market producers at the harvesting of products or in storehouses after the pre-harvest interval of plant protection products used. Samples exceeding the maximum residue levels were the following: three apple samples (2.

First Report of the East-Asian Type of Bursaphelenchus mucronatus in Pinus sylvestris in Slovenia.

Bursaphelenchus mucronatus Mamiya & Enda, a nematode associated with aboveground tissues of pine trees, is very similar morphologically to the pine wood nematode (PWN), B. xylophilus, a devastating pest that has caused widespread losses to pine woods in some parts of Asia since the early 1900s. During 1999, B.

First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica on Tomato in Slovenia.

The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica Whitehead originally described from Tanzania is also distributed in South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Ethiopia (3). Although this species is a relatively unknown root-knot nematode, M. ethiopica parasitizes several economical important crops, such as tomato, cowpea, bean, cabbage, pepper, pumpkin, tobacco, lettuce, and soybean (4).

Occurrence of the Root-Knot Nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. hapla in Slovenia.

The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood is one of the most harmful species within the genus Meloidogyne. It has been detected regularly in greenhouses throughout Europe, while in the field it is restricted to the southern parts of Europe (4). M.

First Report of Raspberry bushy dwarf virus on Red Raspberry and Grapevine in Slovenia.

In 2002, severe vein yellowing and partial or complete yellowing of leaves was observed on some shoots of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) cvs. Golden Bliss and Autumn Bliss. Sap of infected plants of cv.

First Report of the Dagger Nematode Xiphinema rivesi, a Member of the X. americanum Group, from Slovenia.

The dagger nematode, Xiphinema rivesi Dalmasso, is a virus-transmitting plant-parasitic nematode described from France (2) and also reported from Germany, Portugal, and Spain. While this species is only known from a few local sites within Europe, it is widespread in North America and also present in Peru and Pakistan (3). X.

Pork quality, processing, and sensory characteristics of dry-cured hams as influenced by Duroc crossing and sex.

This study was designed to evaluate Duroc (DU) crossing for Carso dry-cured ham production. One hundred fifty-four pigs (81 females and 73 castrates) of four different genotypes, pure Landrace pigs (LAN), offspring of LAN females crossed with Large White (LW) males (LWxLAN), offspring of LAN females crossed with DU males (DUxLAN), and offspring of LWxLAN females crossed with DU males (DUx[LWxLAN]), were chosen in the weight range of 105 to 120 kg (112.7 +/- 0.

Lower crop load for Cv. Jonagold apples (Malus x domestica Borkh.) increases polyphenol content and fruit quality.

The influence of crop load on fruit quality was investigated on 7-year-old slender spindle cv. Jonagold/M.9 apple trees.

First Report of Tomato spotted wilt virus and Impatiens necrotic spot virus in Slovenia.

In July 2000, concentric necrotic rings and patterns were observed on greenhouse-grown pepper (Capsicum anuum L. 'Blondi'). Symptoms were present only on lower leaves, not on young leaves or fruits.

Ploidy and morphological characteristics of Solanum tuberosum x Solanum phureja hybrids.

In attempt to induce doubled haploids in potato we studied interspecific hybrids between tetraploid Solanum tuberosum cultivars Igor, Jana, Vesna, Romano, Arinda, Fianna, Donald and Vital and Solanum phureja (clone IVP 48). Four out of eight cultivars produced 21 berries in total and 149 seedlings were obtained. Their ploidy was measured using flow cytometry.

Ploidy and morphological characteristics of Solanum tuberosum x Solanum phureja hybrids.

In attempt to induce doubled haploids in potato we studied interspecific hybrids between tetraploid Solanum tuberosum cultivars Igor, Jana, Vesna, Romano, Arinda, Fianna, Donald and Vital and Solanum phureja (clone IVP 48). Four out of eight cultivars produced 21 berries in total and 149 seedlings were obtained. Their ploidy was measured using flow cytometry.

Effect of slaughter weight and/or age on histological characteristics of pig longissimus dorsi muscle as related to meat quality.

The effect of increasing both weight and age or age alone through feed restriction on muscle longissimus dorsi histological characteristics were studied in relation to fresh and cooked meat quality. Starting at 83 days (32 kg) 80 crossbred Duroc × (Large White×Landrace) barrows were allotted within litter to 4 experimental groups (A100, R100, A130, R130). Pigs were fed either ad libitum (A) or were restricted 30% (R) and slaughtered either at 100 kg or 130 kg.

Separation of Slovenian isolates of PVY(NTN) from the North American isolates of PVY(N) by a 3-primer PCR.

The potato tuber ringspot necrosis isolate of potato virus Y (PVY(NTN)) is a recently recognized and highly aggressive isolate of the PVY(N) group of strains. In order to screen specifically sources of resistance to PVY(NTN) a method to separate PVY(NTN) from PVY(N) is needed. To achieve this, 61 isolates from 13 imported and locally developed potato cultivars in Slovenia were studied.

Effects of age and/or weight at slaughter on longissimus dorsi muscle: Biochemical traits and sensory quality in pigs.

The effect of increasing either age alone through feed restriction, or both age and weight at slaughter, on the quality of the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) was investigated. Starting at 83 days of age and 32 kg, 80 pigs were allotted within litter to four experimental groups. All pigs were free of RYR1 mutated gene.