Pelliolatifolias A-D, Four Undescribed Compounds from Pellionia latifolia Boerl. and Their Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity.

Four undescribed compounds (1-4) named pelliolatifolias A-D together with seven known compounds trans-clovamide (5), N-trans-caffeoyl-4-hydroxyphenylalanine methyl ester (6), N-trans-caffeoyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine methyl ester (7), luteolin 4'-O-β-D-glucopyrannoside (8), cis-syringin (9), trans-syringin (10), and citroside A (11) have been isolated from the methanol extract of the Pellionia latifolia leaves. Their chemical structures were elucidated based on extensive analyses of HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, and CD spectra. Compounds 1-7, 9 and 10 showed moderate inhibition of NO production in LPS-activated RAW264.

Benzimidazole Derivatives Suppress Fusarium Wilt Disease via Interaction with of and Activation of the Antioxidant Defense System of Pepper Plants.

Sweet pepper ( L.), also known as bell pepper, is one of the most widely grown vegetable crops worldwide. It is attacked by numerous phytopathogenic fungi, such as , the causal agent of Fusarium wilt disease.

Isolation and Identification of Constituents Exhibiting Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antihyperuricemia Activities in Root.

The aqueous extract of kava () root is known as a traditional beverage for daily intake in the Western Pacific Islands, such as Fiji, Tonga, and Vanuatu, to induce relaxation and health-beneficial effects. In this study, the antioxidant, anti-hyperuricemia, and antibacterial properties of kava root were investigated through the isolation and purification of bioactive compounds in ten fractions separated by column chromatography (CC). They included six flavonoids, 5-hydroxy-4',7-dimethoxyflavanone (), matteucinol (), isosakuranetin (), 5,7- dimethoxyflavanone (), 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxydihydrochalcone (in ) and alpinetin (), and seven kavalactones, 5,6-dehydrokawain (DK) (in and ), kavain (in ), yangonin (in and ), dihydro-5,6-dehydrokavain (DDK) (in ), 7,8-dihydromethysticin (in ), dihydromethysticin (in ), methysticin (in ).

CROWN ROOTLESS1 binds DNA with a relaxed specificity and activates OsROP and OsbHLH044 genes involved in crown root formation in rice.

In cereals, the root system is mainly composed of post-embryonic shoot-borne roots, named crown roots. The CROWN ROOTLESS1 (CRL1) transcription factor, belonging to the ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2-LIKE/LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (ASL/LBD) family, is a key regulator of crown root initiation in rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we show that CRL1 can bind, both in vitro and in vivo, not only the LBD-box, a DNA sequence recognized by several ASL/LBD transcription factors, but also another not previously identified DNA motif that was named CRL1-box.

Novel QTL Associated with Aerenchyma-Mediated Radial Oxygen Loss (ROL) in Rice ( L.) under Iron (II) Sulfide.

In rice, high radial oxygen loss (ROL) has been associated with the reduction in the activity of methanogens, therefore reducing the formation of methane (CH) due to the abundance in application of nitrogen (N)-rich fertilizers. In this study, we evaluated the root growth behavior and ROL rate of a doubled haploid (DH) population ( = 117) and parental lines 93-11 (P1, ) and Milyang352 (P2, ) in response to iron (II) sulfide (FeS). In addition, we performed a linkage mapping and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis on the same population for the target traits.

Agrobacterium-mediated cassava transformation for the Asian elite variety KU50.

Cassava genetic transformation has mostly been reported for African cassava varieties, but not for Asian varieties. This is the first report of cassava transformation in Asian elite varieties using friable embryogenic calli. Agrobacterium-mediated cassava transformation via friable embryogenic calli (FEC) has enabled the robust production of transgenic cassava.

New Insights into the Transcriptional Regulation of Genes Involved in the Nitrogen Use Efficiency under Potassium Chlorate in Rice ( L.).

Potassium chlorate (KClO) has been widely used to evaluate the divergence in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) between and rice subspecies. This study investigated the transcriptional regulation of major genes involved in the NUE in rice treated with KClO, which acts as an inhibitor of the reducing activity of nitrate reductase (NR) in higher plants. A set of two KClO sensitive nitrate reductase (NR) and two nitrate transporter (NRT) introgression rice lines (BC2F7), carrying the alleles of NR or NRT, derived from a cross between Saeilmi (, P1) and Milyang23 (, P2), were exposed to KClO at the seedling stage.

Genes controlling root development in rice.

In this review, we report on the recent developments made using both genetics and functional genomics approaches in the discovery of genes controlling root development in rice. QTL detection in classical biparental mapping populations initially enabled the identification of a very large number of large chromosomal segments carrying root genes. Two segments with large effects have been positionally cloned, allowing the identification of two major genes.

Effect of antibiotics on callus regeneration during transformation of IR 64 rice.

We report here the effect of antibiotics on the regeneration potential of recalcitrant indica rice cultivar, IR64. Different protocols reporting high-efficiency agro-bacterium-mediated transformation of mature seed-derived regenerative calli were used and compared. The putative transgenic () plants were analyzed for integration of the transgene through polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting analyses.