A vacuolar invertase gene modulates sugar metabolism and postharvest fruit quality and stress resistance in tomato.

Sugars act as signaling molecules to modulate various growth processes and enhance plant tolerance to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Moreover, sugars contribute to the postharvest flavor in fleshy fruit crops. To date, the regulation of sugar metabolism and its effect in plant growth, fruit ripening, postharvest quality, and stress resistance remains not fully understood.

Taxonomic notes on the genus Breuning & de Jong, 1941 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) with a generic and specific synonym.

Taxonomic notes on the genus Breuning & de Jong, 1941 are presented. The genus Breuning, 1966 is synonymized with , and Breuning, 1966 is recognized as a junior synonym of Breuning & de Jong, 1941. Additionally, is redescribed, and Breuning, 1973 is formally reported from China, Vietnam, Thailand, and India for the first time.

A Ralstonia effector RipAU impairs peanut AhSBT1.7 immunity for pathogenicity via AhPME-mediated cell wall degradation.

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a devastating disease affecting a great many crops including peanut. The pathogen damages plants via secreting type Ш effector proteins (T3Es) into hosts for pathogenicity. Here, we characterized RipAU was among the most toxic effectors as ΔRipAU completely lost its pathogenicity to peanuts.

AhASRK1, a peanut dual-specificity kinase that activates the Ca-ROS-MAPK signalling cascade to mediate programmed cell death induced by aluminium toxicity via ABA.

Aluminium (Al)-induced programmed cell death (PCD) is thought to be a main cause of Al phytotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism by which Al induces PCD in plants is unclear. In this study, we characterized the function of AhASRK1 (Aluminum Sensitive Receptor-like protein Kinase1), an Al-induced LRR-type receptor-like kinase gene.

Exploring the dual roles of sec-dependent effectors from Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus in immunity of citrus plants.

The three SDEs of CLas were expressed in citrus leaves by AuNPs-PEI mediated transient expression system, and promoted the proliferation of CLas and inhibited citrus immunity. Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most severe bacterial disease of citrus caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). CLas suppress host immune responses and promote infection by sec-dependent effectors (SDEs), thus insight into HLB pathogenesis is urgently needed to develop effective management strategies.

The strigolactones-mediated DNA demethylation activates the phosphoinositide pathway in response to salt stress.

Salt stress severely affects the growth and development of tomato. Strigolactones (SLs) and DNA methylation have been shown to be involved in the growth and development and response to salt stress in tomato. However, the regulation of SLs on DNA methylation in tomato under salt stress remains unclear.

Investigations on Beekeeping and Breeding of in China.

The worldwide value of the honey bee as an agricultural animal is increasingly being recognized. Not only does the honey bee directly produce useful agricultural products, but also large portions of crops are dependent on the pollination activities of honey bees. (), the native honey bee of China, is widely distributed in the country.

New Brusatol Derivatives as Anti-Settlement Agents Against Barnacles, Targeting HSP90: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Investigations.

The increasing challenge of marine biofouling, mainly due to barnacle settlement, necessitates the development of effective antifoulants with minimal environmental toxicity. In this study, fifteen derivatives of brusatol were synthesized and characterized using C-NMR, H-NMR, and mass spectrometry. All the semi-synthesized compounds obtained using the Multi-Target-Directed Ligand (MTDL) strategy, when evaluated as anti-settlement agents against barnacles, showed promising activity.

Synthetic Microbial Communities Enhance Pepper Growth and Root Morphology by Regulating Rhizosphere Microbial Communities.

Synthetic microbial community (SynCom) application is efficient in promoting crop yield and soil health. However, few studies have been conducted to enhance pepper growth via modulating rhizosphere microbial communities by SynCom application. This study aimed to investigate how SynCom inoculation at the seedling stage impacts pepper growth by modulating the rhizosphere microbiome using high-throughput sequencing technology.

Population Genomics Reveals Elevated Inbreeding and Accumulation of Deleterious Mutations in White Raccoon Dogs.

The formation of animal breeds usually begins with a small subsample from their ancestral population. Deleterious mutations accumulate in the population under genetic drift, inbreeding, and artificial selection during the development and maintenance of traits desired by humans. White raccoon dogs are among the most popular breeds of farmed raccoon dogs, but white raccoon dogs are more susceptible to disease and have a lower reproductive ability.

Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Key Differences Between Yak, Buffalo, and Cow Colostrum Based on UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS.

Background: Colostrum, abundant in immunoglobulins and growth factors, plays a vital role in supporting immunity. Both yak and buffalo milk are characterized by their high protein and fat content. However, the metabolomic profiles of yak colostrum (YC), buffalo colostrum (BC), and bovine colostrum (CC) remain largely unexplored.

Active starch-based film using polyvinyl alcohol and chlorogenic acid for strawberry preservation: A comparative analysis of mechanical, barrier, and antibacterial properties.

The broad application of starch films has been significantly limited by their insufficient hydrophobicity and antibacterial activity. To overcome these challenges, this study developed a new starch film by incorporating polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chlorogenic acid. The study explored the impact of PVA polymerization on the physical and functional characteristics of the resulting films, with particular emphasis on enhancing antimicrobial functionality by incorporating chlorogenic acid.

Effects of Polystyrene Microplastic Exposure on Liver Cell Damage, Oxidative Stress, and Gene Expression in Juvenile Crucian Carp ().

A considerable quantity of microplastic debris exists in the environment and the toxicity of these materials has a notable impact on aquatic ecosystems. In this paper, 50-500 µm polystyrene microplastics (exposure concentrations were 200 µg/L, 800 µg/L, and 3200 µg/L concentrations) were selected to study the effects of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on cell morphology, detoxification enzyme activity, and mRNA expression in the liver tissues of crucian carp juveniles. The results demonstrated that: (1) Different concentrations of PS-MPs cause varying degrees of pathological and oxidative damage to liver tissue cells of crucian carp.

Genome-Wide Genomic Analysis and Evolutionary Insights into Bovine Coronavirus Strains in Southwest China.

The global epidemic of bovine coronavirus (BCoV) has caused enormous economic losses. The characterisation and genetic composition of endemic strains in Southwest China remain elusive. This study aimed to fill this gap by isolating three BCoV strains from this region and sequencing their whole genomes.

Molecular Phylogenetics and Estimation of Evolutionary Divergence and Biogeography of the Family Cordycipitaceae (Ascomycota, Hypocreales).

The Cordycipitaceae family of insecticidal fungi is widely distributed in nature, is the most complex in the order Hypocreales (Ascomycota), with members displaying a diversity of morphological characteristics and insect host ranges. Based on Bayesian evolutionary analysis of five genomic loci(the small subunit of ribosomal RNA (SSU) gene, the large subunit of ribosomal RNA (LSU) gene, the translation elongation factor 1-α () gene, the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (), and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (), we inferred the divergence times for members of the Cordycipitaceae, improving the internal phylogeny of this fungal family. Molecular clock analyses indicate that the ancestor of occurred in the Paleogene period (34.

New Species of () from Diseased Leaves in Fujian Province, China.

Fungal biota represents important constituents of phyllosphere microorganisms. It is taxonomically highly diverse and influences plant physiology, metabolism and health. Members of the order are distributed worldwide and include devastating plant pathogens as well as endophytes and saprophytes.

CRISPR/cas9 Allows for the Quick Improvement of Tomato Firmness Breeding.

Fruit firmness is crucial for storability, making cultivating varieties with higher firmness a key target in tomato breeding. In recent years, tomato varieties primarily rely on hybridizing ripening mutants to produce F hybrids to enhance firmness. However, the undesirable traits introduced by these mutants often lead to a decline in the quality of the varieties.

Genome-wide analysis of sugar transporter gene family in and , expression profiling and identification of transcription factors.

Sugar, the primary product of photosynthesis, is a vital requirement for cell activities. Allocation of sugar from source to sink tissues is facilitated by sugar transporters (ST). These STs belong to the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS), the largest family of STs in plants.

The regulatory mechanism controlling nitrification inhibitors-induced mitigation of nitrification and NO-N leaching in alkaline purple soil.

Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) are critical to reduce nitrogen (N) leaching losses. However, the efficacy of different NIs can be highly variable across soils and crop types, and a deeper understanding of the mechanistic basis of this efficiency variation, especially in purple soil under vegetable production, is lacking. To enrich this knowledge gap, the impact of different NIs amendment (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, DMPP; dicyandiamide, DCD; nitrapyrin, NP) on nitrification and the microbial mechanistic basis of controlling nitrate (NO-N) leaching of vegetable purple soil was explored in southwest China.

A cost-effective oligo-based barcode system for chromosome identification in longan and lychee.

Oligonucleotide (Oligo)-based fluorescence hybridization (FISH) represents a highly effective methodology for identifying plant chromosomes. Longan is a commercially significant fruit species, yet lacking basic chromosomal markers has hindered its cytogenetic research. In this study, we developed a cost-effective oligo-based system for distinguishing chromosomes of longan ( Lour.

Green magnetically separable molluscicide Ba-Ce-Cu ferrite/TiO nanocomposite for controlling terrestrial gastropods Monacha Cartusiana.

The increasing economic damage caused by terrestrial gastropods, especially the Monacha cartusiana (M. cartusiana) land snail, to the agricultural sector requires a diligent and continuous search for new materials and alternatives for the control operations. In this piece of work, a magnetically separable molluscicide with high effectiveness green Barium-Cerium-Copper ferrite/TiO (Ba-Ce-CuFO/TiO) nanocomposite was greenly prepared using Eichhornia plant aqueous extract and characterized using different techniques.

Matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) as a molecular target for Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) resistance in chickens.

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) causes chronic respiratory disease (CRD), posing a significant threat to global poultry production. Current preventive strategies face limitations, emphasizing the need for alternative approaches such as breeding for disease resistance. This study identifies the matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) gene as a key factor in CRD resistance.

Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics and targeted hormone analysis reveal the response to insect herbivory stress in Ginseng (Panax ginseng, L.).

Ginsenosides are the most important secondary metabolites of ginseng. Ginseng has developed certain insect resistance properties during the course of evolutionary environmental adaptation. However, the mechanism underlying the insect resistance of ginseng is poorly understood.

Mapping the priority conservation areas for three endangered Cupressaceae plants under climate change in China.

The establishment of conservation areas is an important strategy for endangered species conservation. In this study, we investigated the distributions of suitable habitat areas for three level 1 endangered Cupressaceae plants (, , and ) in China and used the Marxan model to delineate the priority conservation areas for each species. The results showed that had the broadest suitable growing area under the current climate in China and is followed by , with an area of 91 × 10 km, and had the smallest suitable habitat areas at only 7 × 10 km.

Historically Polluted Area Increases Human Exposure Risks to Polychlorinated Naphthalenes through Waterfowl Egg Consumption.

Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), which are ubiquitous in the environment, are listed as persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm Convention. Poultry can be exposed to PCNs via feed and breeding environments, leading to PCNs accumulation in eggs. However, information on PCNs in eggs from waterfowl raised in contaminated regions is scarce.