Maternally expressed FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM1 regulates seed dormancy and aleurone development in rice.

Seed dormancy, an essential trait for plant adaptation, is determined by the embryo itself and the surrounding tissues. Here, we found that rice (Oryza sativa) FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM1 (OsFIE1) regulates endosperm-imposed dormancy and the dorsal aleurone thickness in a manner dependent on the parent of origin. Maternally expressed OsFIE1 suppresses gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis in the endosperm by depositing trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3) marks on GA biosynthesis-related genes, thus inhibiting germination and aleurone differentiation.

Freeze-dried fecal microorganisms as an effective biomaterial for the treatment of calves suffering from diarrhea.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a therapeutic modality for treating neonatal calf diarrhea. Several practical barriers, including donor selection, fecal collection, and a limited timeframe for FMT, are the main constraints to using fresh feces for implementing on-farm FMT. We report the utility of FMT with pretreated ready-to-use frozen (F) or freeze-dried (FD) microorganisms for treating calf diarrhea.

Identification and validation of two quantitative trait loci showing pleiotropic effect on multiple grain-related traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

QKl/Tgw/Gns.yaas-2D associates with KL, TGW, and GNS, and QKl/Tgw.yaas-5A associates with KL and TGW.

Unleashing the synergistic effect of promising fungicides: a breakthrough solution for combating powdery mildew in pea plants.

Pea powdery mildew, caused by , is a major limitation to global pea production. The emergence of fungicide-resistant pathogen populations due to frequent and injudicious pesticide application highlights the importance of exploring the synergistic properties of fungicide combinations. This study investigated the efficacy of difenoconazole, thiophanate-methyl, and sulfur, both individually and in mixtures, against powdery mildew and assessed the interaction types between these fungicides.

Deciphering Temporal Metabolome Dynamics in Response to MYMV: Contrasting Patterns in Resistant and Susceptible Blackgram ( L. Hepper) Cultivars.

Blackgram ( L. Hepper) production is hindered by mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) with disease incidence up to 85% in hot spot locations of Tamil Nadu, India. Field screening of 50 genotypes identified Mash 114 as resistant and CO 5 as susceptible cultivars.

Harnessing Biocontrol Potential of Streptomyces rochei Against Pythium aphanidermatum: Efficacy and Mechanisms.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and chilli (Capsicum annuum) are globally significant vegetable crops susceptible to damping-off disease caused by Pythium aphanidermatum, leading to substantial yield losses. The study aimed to document the biocontrol and plant growth promotion potential of Streptomyces rochei against damping-off disease in tomato and chilli. The actinobacterial isolates ACS18 followed by ACT30, and AOE12 were accomplished as the most effective antagonists against P.

Rice husk biochar resuscitates the microecological functions of heavy-metal contaminated soil after washing by enriching functional bacteria.

Biochar has great potential for simultaneously improving soil ecological functions and eliminating environmental pollutants. However, studies on this strategy in the restoration of ecological functions in chelator-washed soil are lacking, and the effect of biochar on the structure, functions, and microbial interactions of washed soil microbiomes are unclear. Hence, the effect of rice husk biochar (RHB, 2 %) on the physicochemical properties, heavy metal fractions, and microbial community structure of glutamate-N, N-diacetic acid (GLDA)- and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)- washed remediated soil were investigated.

CVW-Etr: A High-Precision Method for Estimating the Severity Level of Cotton Verticillium Wilt Disease.

Cotton verticillium wilt significantly impacts both cotton quality and yield. Selecting disease-resistant varieties and using their resistance genes in breeding is an effective and economical control measure. Accurate severity estimation of this disease is crucial for breeding resistant cotton varieties.

Identification and Mining of Functional Components of Polyphenols in Fruits of Germplasm Resources Based on Multivariate Analysis.

Polyphenols are important functional components that have anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects. Apple fruit is rich in polyphenols and is one of the dietary sources of polyphenols. The polyphenol components and contents of the peel and pulp of 74 (Led.

Medium-chain fatty acid triglycerides improve feed intake and oxidative stress of finishing bulls by regulating ghrelin concentration and gastrointestinal tract microorganisms and rumen metabolites.

Background: As a feed additive, medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs)/medium-chain fatty acid triglycerides (MCTs) have been used in ruminant production, but mostly added in the form of mixed esters. Studies have shown that MCTs may have a positive effect on feed intake or oxidative stress in animals, but it is unclear which MCT could play a role, and the mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, the effects of individual MCT on growth performance, serum intake-related hormones, and oxidative stress indices in finishing bulls were investigated and further studied the effects of MCT supplementation on gastrointestinal tract bacteria and rumen fluid metabolomics.

Enhanced pollen tube performance at high temperature contributes to thermotolerant fruit and seed production in tomato.

Rising temperature extremes during critical reproductive periods threaten the yield of major grain and fruit crops. Flowering plant reproduction depends on the ability of pollen grains to generate a pollen tube, which elongates through the pistil to deliver sperm cells to female gametes for double fertilization. We used tomato as a model fruit crop to determine how high temperature affects the pollen tube growth phase, taking advantage of cultivars noted for fruit production in exceptionally hot growing seasons.

ZmHsp18 screened from the ZmHsp20 gene family confers thermotolerance in maize.

Heat stress has become one of the abiotic stresses that pose an increasing threat to maize production due to global warming. The Hsp20 gene family confers tolerance to various abiotic stresses in plants. However, very few Hsp20s have been identified in relation to maize thermotolerance.

Untying the knot: Unraveling genetic mechanisms behind black knot disease resistance in (Japanese plum).

Little is known regarding the genes, compounds and physiological alternations that take place upon infection of black knot disease. This research aimed to unravel the genetic mechanism responsible for the resistance of Japanese plum ( L.) trees against black knot ( Schwein.

A low-cost homogenizing device for in-field and remote DNA and RNA extraction.

Environmental monitoring of microorganisms is critical for the protection and enhancement of human and ecosystem health. Even though these molecular methods have overtaken traditional culture-based methods and become more accessible, these techniques still require expensive equipment and dedicated facilities to process samples which in the context of a global pandemic, remote sampling areas or low-income countries can be extremely challenging. Sample preparation and sample homogenisation are critical steps for molecular-based techniques, especially for the extraction of DNA and RNA.

Warming and UV Radiation Alleviate the Effect of Virus Infection on the Microalga Emiliania huxleyi.

The marine microalga Emiliania huxleyi is widely distributed in the surface oceans and is prone to infection by coccolithoviruses that can terminate its blooms. However, little is known about how global change factors like solar UV radiation (UVR) and ocean warming affect the host-virus interaction. We grew the microalga at 2 temperature levels with or without the virus in the presence or absence of UVR and investigated the physiological and transcriptional responses.

Effective weed control through post-emergence herbicides to enhance blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) productivity in South India.

Pulses are essential components of vegetarian diet and play a pivotal role in addressing malnutrition by providing a vital source of dietary protein. However, weed competition remains as a significant obstacle to blackgram (Vigna mungo L) production, resulting in 25 to 35% yield losses. A field experiment was carried out at the National Pulses Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Vamban, Pudukkottai, India during Kharif seasons of 2020 and 2021, to assess the suitable post-emergence herbicides for appropriate weed control in blackgram grown under irrigated conditions.

The accumulation and properties of starch are associated with the development of nutrient transport tissues at grain positions in the spikelet of wheat.

A wheat spikelet accumulates several grains, which show significant positional effects in terms of size, weight, and material accumulation. However, few studies have investigated whether starch accumulation in these grains is related to the development of vascular bundles. This study analyzed the correlation between the morphology of vascular bundles and starch accumulation.

Enhancing production efficiency through optimizing plant density in maize-soybean strip intercropping.

Introduction: Due to limited arable land resources, intercropping has emerged as an efficient and sustainable production method for increasing total grain yield per unit land area. Maize-soybean strip intercropping (MSSI) technology is being widely promoted and applied across China. However, the combination of optimal density for achieving higher production efficiency of both soybean and maize remains unclear.

Exploring the molecular mechanisms of rice blast resistance and advances in breeding for disease tolerance.

Rice blast, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (syn. Pyricularia oryzae), is a major problem in rice cultivation and ranks among the most severe fungal diseases. Cloning and identifying resistance genes in rice, coupled with a comprehensive examination of the interaction between M.

A Comparison of DNA-Methylation during Protoplast Culture of Ponkan Mandarin ( Blanco) and Tobacco ( L.).

The epigenetic variation in protoplast regeneration is a topic that has attracted interest recently. To elucidate the role of DNA methylation in the regeneration of protoplasts from the ponkan (), this study employs the methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) molecular marker technique to analyze changes in DNA methylation levels and patterns during the isolation and culture of protoplasts from ponkan and tobacco. Additionally, differential DNA methylation fragments are cloned, sequenced, and subjected to bioinformatics analysis.