Carboxylated nanocellulose from quinoa husk for enhanced protease immobilization and stability of protease in biotechnological applications.

Herein, an efficient and feasible approach was developed to oxidize low-cost agricultural waste (quinoa husk, QS) for the synthesis of carboxylated nanocellulose (CNC). The as-prepared rod-like CNCs (average diameter of 10 nm and length of 103 nm) with a high specific surface area (173 m/g) were utilized for the immobilization of a model protease enzyme (PersiProtease1) either physically or via covalent attachment. For chemical immobilization, CNCs were firstly functionalized with N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) to provide DCNCs nanocarrier which could covalently bond to enzyme trough nucleophilic substitution reaction and formation of the amide bond between DCNCs and enzyme.

The CRISPR-Cas system in strains: identification and characterization using a genome mining approach.

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (CAS) genes make up bacteria's adaptive immune system against bacteriophages. In this study, 675 sequences of isolates deposited in GenBank were analyzed in terms of diversity, occurrence, and evolution of the CRISPR-Cas system. This study investigated the presence, structural variations, phylogenetic relationships, and diversity of CRISPR-Cas systems in 675 strains.

Novel insights into Bacillus thuringiensis: Beyond its role as a bioinsecticide.

This review explores the diverse applications of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) beyond its traditional role as a bioinsecticide. Bt produces a variety of compounds with distinct chemical structures and biological activities. These include antimicrobial agents effective against plant pathogens and bioactive compounds that promote plant growth through the production of siderophores, hormones, and enzymes.

Genomic exploration of Iranian almond (Prunus dulcis) germplasm: decoding diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium through genotyping-by-sequencing analysis.

This study focuses on the genetic diversity and population structure of Prunus dulcis (almond tree), a crucial agricultural component with widespread cultivation and commercial importance, particularly in Iran, a region with a longstanding tradition of almond cultivation. The diverse almond collection in Iran encompasses many local varieties, breeding selections, rootstocks, and international cultivars. This diversity necessitates advanced genotyping techniques to gain insights into genetic diversity, population structure, and linkage disequilibrium (LD).

Methyl jasmonate improves rubber production and quality in Lactuca Serriola.

The increase in demand for natural rubber has led to the search for alternative sources. Lactuca serriola is emerging as a promising candidate, as the quality of the natural rubber it produces is comparable to that of the Pará Rubber Plant, Hevea brasiliensis. This study examines the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a known elicitor, on the expression of key rubber biosynthesis pathway genes (HMGR1, HMGS1, CPT2, and SRPP1) in the latex of L.

Evaluation of herbicidal potential of Siderophores produced by Amycolatopsis lurida strain 407.

The urgent need for sustainable agriculture has intensified the search for environmentally friendly alternatives to chemical herbicides. This study investigates the herbicidal potential of siderophores produced by Amycolatopsis lurida strain 407, focusing on its effects on the growth of ryegrass and redroot weeds. Strain 407 exhibited two distinct colony morphologies-red and white-when cultured under varying environmental conditions.

Methyl jasmonate effects on Lactuca serriola L.: Antioxidant defense and bioactive compound changes.

The effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) foliar spray on the activity of antioxidant enzymes-Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and Guaiacol peroxidase (GPX)-along with assessments of total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity (IC50), was examined in Prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola L.). The study involved treating plants with three MeJA solutions (0, 200, and 400 µM) and harvesting samples at four distinct time intervals.

Revolutionizing protein hydrolysis in wastewater: Innovative immobilization of metagenome-derived protease in periodic mesoporous organosilica with imidazolium framework.

This research focused on utilizing periodic mesoporous organosilica with imidazolium framework (PMO-IL), to immobilize a metagenome-sourced protease (PersiProtease1), thereby enhancing its functional efficiency and catalytic effectiveness in processing primary proteins found in tannery wastewater. The successful immobilization of enzyme was confirmed through the use of N adsorption-desorption experiment, XRD, FTIR, TEM, FESEM, EDS and elemental analytical techniques. The immobilized enzyme exhibited greater stability in the presence of various metal ions and inhibitors compared to its free form.

Conquering Limitations: Exploring the Factors that Drive Successful Agrobacterium-Mediated Genetic Transformation of Recalcitrant Plant Species.

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is a preferred method for genetic engineering and genome editing of plants due to its numerous advantages, although not all species exhibit transformability. Genetic engineering and plant genome editing methods are technically challenging in recalcitrant crop plants. Factors affecting the poor rate of transformation in such species include host genotype, Agrobacterium genotype, type of explant, physiological condition of the explant, vector, selectable marker, inoculation method, chemical additives, antioxidative compounds, transformation-enhancing compounds, medium formulation, optimization of culture conditions, and pre-treatments.

Global transcriptome analysis identifies critical functional modules associated with multiple abiotic stress responses in microalgae Chromochloris zofingiensis.

In the current study, systems biology approach was applied to get a deep insight regarding the regulatory mechanisms of Chromochloris zofingiensis under overall stress conditions. Meta-analysis was performed using p-values combination of differentially expressed genes. To identify the informative models related to stress conditions, two distinct weighted gene co-expression networks were constructed and preservation analyses were performed using medianRankand Zsummary algorithms.

Enhanced pollutant degradation via green-synthesized core-shell mesoporous Si@Fe magnetic nanoparticles immobilized with metagenomic laccase.

With rapid industrial expansion, environmental pollution from emerging contaminants has increased, posing severe ecosystem threats. Laccases offer an eco-friendly solution for degrading hazardous substances, but their use as free-form biocatalysts face challenges. This study immobilized laccase (PersiLac1) on green-synthesized Si@Fe nanoparticles (MSFM NPs) to remove pollutants like Malachite Green-containing wastewater and degrade plastic films.

Metagenome sequence data mining for viral interaction studies: Review on progress and prospects.

Metagenomics has been greatly accelerated by the development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, which allow scientists to discover and describe novel microorganisms without the need for conventional culture techniques. Examining integrative bioinformatics methods used in viral interaction research, this study highlights metagenomic data from various contexts. Accurate viral identification depends on high-purity genetic material extraction, appropriate NGS platform selection, and sophisticated bioinformatics tools like VirPipe and VirFinder.

Occurrence and diversity pattern of CRISPR-Cas systems in genus provides insights on adaptive defense mechanisms against to invasive DNAs.

The genus is primarily known for its significance in acetic acid production and its application in various industrial processes. This study aimed to shed light on the prevalence, diversity, and functional implications of CRISPR-Cas systems in the genus using a genome mining approach. The investigation analyzed the CRISPR-Cas architectures and components of 34 Acetobacter species, as well as the evolutionary strategies employed by these bacteria in response to phage invasion and foreign DNA.

Harnessing systems biology approach for characterization of carotenoid biosynthesis pathways in microalgae.

Systems biology is an interdisciplinary field that aims to understand complex biological processes at the system level. The data, driven by high-throughput omics technologies, can be used to study the underpinning mechanisms of metabolite production under different conditions to harness this knowledge for the construction of regulatory networks, protein networks, metabolic models, and engineering of strains with enhanced target metabolite production in microalgae. In the current study, we comprehensively reviewed the recent progress in the application of these technologies for the characterization of carotenoid biosynthesis pathways in microalgae.

Formation of plasmonic core/shell nanorods through ammonia-mediated dissolution of silver(i)oxide for ammonia monitoring.

Due to the expansion of the aquaculture industry in the world and the importance of controlling ammonia in fish breeding water, high levels of which impose significant damage to fish farming, it is crucial to develop affordable, rapid, and on-site methods for timely and accurate detection of ammonia. In this study, a colorimetric sensor based on the formation of gold/silver core/shell nanorods (NRs) was developed for the rapid detection of ammonia. The sensor functioned by the specific dissolution of silver(i) oxide by ammonia, which triggered the activation of silver ions and the subsequent formation of gold/silver core/shell NRs in the presence of a reducing agent (, ascorbic acid (AA)).

Synthesis of Au@Ag core-shell nanorods with tunable optical properties.

The synthesis of noble metal nanostructures with adjustable optical properties is essential due to their potential applications in various fields such as imaging, (bio) sensors, and catalysis. In this study, Au@Ag core-shell nanorods were synthesized with tunable optical properties. The synthesis process includes a two-stage approach: first, gold nanorods were synthesized through seed-mediated growth, and in the second stage, these gold nanorods were used as seeds to synthesize Au@Ag core-shell nanorods through the silver deposition process.

Genomic insights into CKX genes: key players in cotton fibre development and abiotic stress responses.

Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX), responsible for irreversible cytokinin degradation, also controls plant growth and development and response to abiotic stress. While the gene has been studied in other plants extensively, its function in cotton is still unknown. Therefore, a genome-wide study to identify the gene family in the four cotton species was conducted using transcriptomics, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and bioinformatics.

Decoding drought resilience: a comprehensive exploration of the cotton Eceriferum (CER) gene family and its role in stress adaptation.

Background: The cuticular wax serves as a primary barrier that protects plants from environmental stresses. The Eceriferum (CER) gene family is associated with wax production and stress resistance.

Results: In a genome-wide identification study, a total of 52 members of the CER family were discovered in four Gossypium species: G.

Co-overexpression of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase significantly enhanced the resistance of Iranian wheat cultivars to Fusarium.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating fungal disease affecting different cereals, particularly wheat, and poses a serious threat to global wheat production. Chitinases and β-glucanases are two important proteins involved in lysing fungal cell walls by targeting essential macromolecular components, including chitin and β-glucan micro fibrils. In our experiment, a transgenic wheat (Triticum aestivum) was generated by introducing chitinase and glucanase genes using Biolistic technique and Recombinant pBI121 plasmid (pBI-ChiGlu (-)).

A novel antifungal nanoemulsion based on reuterin-assisted synergistic essential oils: Preparation and in vitro/in vivo characterization.

This research aimed to develop, optimize, and evaluate a new antifungal nanoemulsion system based on the crude reuterin-synergistic essential oils (EOs) hybrid to overcome the EOs application limits. At first, the antifungal effects of the Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri cell-free extracts (CFE) were tested against the Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, and Alternaria alternata as indicator fungus using broth microdilution method. The L.