Abdominal kaposiform hemangioendothelioma presenting as volvulus and recurring intestinal obstruction in a neonate: a case report.

Background: Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma is a rare vascular tumor primarily occurring in infants and children. The most common sites for kaposiform hemangioendothelioma are extremities, with very few cases of abdominal kaposiform hemangioendothelioma reported in neonates. Making a diagnosis of Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma can be challenging when the patient presents with generalized symptoms such as bilious vomiting and constipation that can be attributed to other more common causes of intestinal obstruction.

Further evidence of biallelic NAV3 variants associated with recessive neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphism, developmental delay, intellectual disability, and behavioral abnormalities.

Neuron navigators (NAVs) are cytoskeleton-associated proteins well known for their role in axonal guidance, neuronal migration, and neurite growth necessary for neurodevelopment. Neuron navigator 3 (NAV3) is one of the three NAV proteins highly expressed in the embryonic and adult brain. However, the role of the NAV3 gene in human disease is not well-studied.

The influence of orthodontist change on treatment duration and outcomes in patients treated with Clark's twin block appliance followed by non-extraction fixed mechanotherapy - a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Post-graduate resident turnover in public and teaching hospital orthodontic clinics often leads to challenges in maintaining the same level of efficacy when a care provider changes during orthodontic treatment. This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare the duration and quality of treatment outcomes between two patient groups: the transfer group, who underwent orthodontic care from multiple residents, and the non-transfer group, whose entire treatment was overseen by a single resident.

Methods: Sixty-six patients were enrolled and equally divided into transfer and non-transfer groups.

Inclisiran as a siRNA Inhibitor of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9); Past, Present, and Future.

Reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels has been shown to reduce the risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Statins are the foundation of LDL-C lowering therapy with other non-statin agents used in circumstances where goal LDL-C levels are not reached or owing to intolerance to adverse effects of statins. In 2003, the discovery of the role of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) system in promoting elevated LDL-C levels led to new avenues of drug development to achieve target LDL-C.

An innovative Community Mobilisation and Community Incentivisation for child health in rural Pakistan (CoMIC): a cluster-randomised, controlled trial.

Background: Infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death among children younger than 5 years due to disparities in access and acceptance of essential interventions. The Community Mobilisation and Community Incentivisation (CoMIC) trial was designed to evaluate a customised community mobilisation and incentivisation strategy for improving coverage of evidence-based interventions for child health in Pakistan.

Methods: CoMIC was a three-arm cluster-randomised, controlled trial in rural areas of Pakistan.

Wastewater metagenomics in Africa: Opportunities and challenges.

The advent of metagenomics has dramatically expanded our understanding of microbial communities, particularly through the study of wastewater, which serves as a rich source of microbial data. In Africa, wastewater metagenomics presents unparalleled opportunities for public health monitoring, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) tracking, and the discovery of new microbial species and functions. Utilizing high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies, this method allows for direct analysis of nucleic acids from wastewater samples, providing a cost-effective and comprehensive approach for pathogen surveillance.

Effects on maternal and pregnancy outcomes of first-trimester malaria infection among nulliparous women from Kenya, Zambia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Background: Few studies have assessed the impact of first-trimester malaria infection during pregnancy. We estimated this impact on adverse maternal and pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: In a convenience sample of women from the ASPIRIN (Aspirin Supplementation for Pregnancy Indicated risk Reduction In Nulliparas) trial in Kenya, Zambia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, we tested for first-trimester Plasmodium falciparum infection using quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Identification of Gender Differences in Acute Myocardial Infarction Presentation and Management at Aga Khan University Hospital-Pakistan: Natural Language Processing Application in a Dataset of Patients With Cardiovascular Disease.

Background: Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of death globally with a disproportionate burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Natural language processing (NLP) allows for data enrichment in large datasets to facilitate key clinical research. We used NLP to assess gender differences in symptoms and management of patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) at Aga Khan University Hospital-Pakistan.

Efficacy of probiotics for treatment of acute or persistent diarrhoea in children from birth till 10 years: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Numerous studies have investigated the efficacy of probiotics in treating acute and persistent diarrhoea. However, probiotics have not been established as a recommended management option for diarrhoeal illness by the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials to assess the efficacy of probiotics for the management of acute and persistent diarrhoea in children.

A multi-phase structured cascade model for mass training of community healthcare workers in performing clinical breast exams in remote regions.

Background: Clinical breast exam (CBE) by outreach healthcare workers (HCW) may help downstage breast cancer in resource-limited areas where mammography may not be feasible. We evaluated the effectiveness of a pilot cascade-model training programme for HCWs in remote areas of Pakistan.

Methods: The training programme comprised three phases.

Double encephalocele in a four-year-old girl: A case report with literature review.

Encephalocele is a congenital neural tube defect (NTD). The pathophysiology of the NTDs is exceedingly complex. Numerous explanations have been proposed to explain it.

Trends in Cardiovascular Disease-Related Mortality in Texas.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with high mortality in the United States, but the burden of CVD mortality is unevenly distributed between demographic and geographic subgroups, with poor characterization of state-specific trends. In this study, the disparities in CVD-related mortality trends in Texas and the United States from 1999 to 2019 were assessed.

Methods: Trends in CVD-related mortality were evaluated through analysis of the Multiple Causes of Death Files from the National Center for Health Statistics.

Digital knowledge translation tools for sexual and reproductive health information to adolescents: an evidence gap-map.

Background: Digital knowledge translation (KT) interventions play a crucial role in advancing adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH). Despite the extensive literature on their effectiveness, there's a lack of synthesized evidence on the efficacy of digital KT tools for adolescent ASRH globally.

Objectives: This review aimed to systematically identify and map existing empirical evidence on digital KT tools targeting ASRH outcomes and identify research gaps.

Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant in Hematological Disorders: A Decade of Experience.

: Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a complex procedure with the potential to provide curative treatment for various hematological disorders. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of allo-HCT in hematological diseases and identify significant complications in a single-center setting. : We conducted a retrospective analysis of 180 patients with hematological diseases who underwent allo-HCT between January 2011 and December 2021.

Pure Biclonal Hairy Cell Leukemia-Apt Diagnosis with Multicolor Flow Cytometry.

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare B-cell neoplasm that constitutes around 2 percent of all lymphoid leukemias and occurs more frequently in elderly males. The usual triad of HCL includes pancytopenia, splenomegaly, and hairy cells in the bone marrow. This is a case of an atypical presentation of biclonal HCL diagnosed on flow cytometry; the existence of biclonal HCL is extremely rare with very few case reports.

Subdural hematoma, a rare complication of plasmodium falciparum malaria: A case report.

Introduction: Malaria is a vector-borne disease caused by protozoa and a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Falciparum malaria causes most malaria-related deaths, and rarely is it associated with subdural hematoma.

Case Presentation: We present a 40-year-old male diagnosed with falciparum malaria.

Implementation of a goal-directed Care Bundle for intracerebral hemorrhage: Results of embedded process evaluation in the INTERACT3 trial.

The third, stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized, Intensive Care Bundle with Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trial (INTERACT3), has shown that a goal-directed multi-faceted Care Bundle incorporating protocols for the management of physiological variables was safe and effective for improving functional recovery in a broad range of patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The INTERACT3 Care Bundle included time- and target-based protocols for the management of early intensive lowering of systolic blood pressure (SBP, target <140mmHg), glucose control (target 6.1-7.

"Breaking barriers: empowering African youth through implementation of a therapeutic patient education program for juvenile idiopathic arthritis".

Introduction: Patient education is crucial in managing chronic diseases like Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA). Traditional methods such as videos and brochures often fail to maintain long-term knowledge retention. Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE) offers a more effective, patient-centered approach.

Plasma transfusion in the intensive care unit.

Background: Current guidelines discourage prophylactic plasma use in non-bleeding patients. This study assesses global plasma transfusion practices in the intensive care unit (ICU) and their alignment with current guidelines.

Study Design And Methods: This was a sub-study of an international, prospective, observational cohort.

Significant association of miRNA 34a with BRCA1 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: an insight on miRNA regulatory pathways in the Pakistani population.

Background: Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most aggressive cancers, characterized by high mortality rates. Studies on various cancers across the globe indicate that regulatory miRNAs play a vital role in cellular signaling. However, the expression and interactions of these miRNAs in the Pakistani patients with PDAC is yet to be explored.

Clinical and genetic characterization of a progressive RBL2-associated neurodevelopmental disorder.

Retinoblastoma (RB) proteins are highly conserved transcriptional regulators that play important roles during development by regulating cell-cycle gene expression. RBL2 dysfunction has been linked to a severe neurodevelopmental disorder. However, to date, clinical features have only been described in six individuals carrying five biallelic predicted loss of function (pLOF) variants.

Feasibility and Cost-Effectiveness of Daycare Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction - A Retrospective Case Series.

Introduction: Multiple reviews of the applicability, cost-effectiveness, and safety of daycare reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament have been published in French, American, and British setups, but have not been described in our population.

Materials And Methods: In this study, 25 patients who underwent Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) as a daycare surgery in our setup were assessed retrospectively. Post-operatively patients were reviewed for pain, complications, conversion from daycare to inpatients, readmission within two weeks post ACLR and cost-effectiveness.

From Harmless to Harmful: A Case Series of Hepatic Abscess Induced by Gut Microbiota Due to Fish Bone.

Accidental ingestion of fish bones can lead to serious complications, such as gastrointestinal perforation and hepatic abscesses. This case series presents three instances where fish bone ingestion led to secondary GI tract perforation and the development of hepatic abscesses. It also emphasizes the importance of prompt diagnosis and intervention to prevent serious consequences.

Marketing Strategies and Consumer and Sellers Perception About Oral Nicotine Pouches in Karachi, Pakistan.

The availability of novel nicotine products like oral nicotine pouches (ONP) has been rising in South Asian countries, including Pakistan. We aimed to assess ONP marketing strategies at point-of-sale (POS) and understand the perceptions among consumers and sellers regarding its use in Karachi, Pakistan. We conducted a mixed-methods study in low, middle, and high socioeconomic neighborhoods of District East Karachi.