ESAIC focused guidelines for the management of the failing epidural during labour epidural analgesia.

Background: Labour epidural analgesia reportedly fails in up to 10 to 25% of cases. A joint taskforce of European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC) experts was created to develop this focused guideline on the management of failing epidural analgesia in a previously well functioning epidural catheter.

Design: Six clinical questions were defined using a PICO (Population/Intervention/Comparison/Outcome) strategy to conduct a systematic literature search.

Comparative Analysis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Management: Hospital-based Versus Community-based Care.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses chronic gastrointestinal disorders characterized by recurrent inflammation. Achieving mucosal healing and preventing disease progression are primary treatment goals.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare disease characteristics, medication utilization, procedures performed, and hospitalizations between IBD patients treated in hospital and community settings using the Leumit Health Service database.

The Role of Chorionicity in Placenta-Related Disorders.

Introduction: Twin pregnancy is associated with higher rates of maternal morbidities including gestational diabetes and hypertension. Dichorionic twins are believed to have greater placental mass. Our objective was to study the incidence of two placenta-related disorders: gestational diabetes and hypertension, in dichorionic versus monochorionic twin pregnancies.

Conversion of sleeve gastrectomy to Roux-en-Y laparoscopic gastric bypass: a comprehensive 14-year follow-up study on efficacy and outcomes.

Background: Failed sleeve gastrectomy (SG), defined by inadequate weight loss or weight regain and by reflux and structural complications, can be treated by a laparoscopic conversion to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Objectives: To examine the efficacy and outcomes of conversion surgery over a 14-year follow-up period.

Setting: Government and private medical centers in university settings.

Duration-Dependent Risk of Hypoxemia in Colonoscopy Procedures.

: Colonoscopy is a critical diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in gastroenterology. However, it carries risks, including hypoxemia, which can impact patient safety. Understanding the factors that contribute to the incidence of severe hypoxemia, specifically the role of procedure duration, is essential for improving patient outcomes.

Assessing Generative Pretrained Transformers (GPT) in Clinical Decision-Making: Comparative Analysis of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4.

Background: Artificial intelligence, particularly chatbot systems, is becoming an instrumental tool in health care, aiding clinical decision-making and patient engagement.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the performance of ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4 in addressing complex clinical and ethical dilemmas, and to illustrate their potential role in health care decision-making while comparing seniors' and residents' ratings, and specific question types.

Low rectal resection for low rectal endometriosis and rectal adenocarcinoma: Are we discussing the same risks?

Objective: To evaluate the rate and risk factors for anastomosis leakage in patients undergoing colorectal resection with low anastomosis for rectal endometriosis and rectal adenocarcinoma.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study evaluating prospectively collected data was conducted. Patients undergoing colorectal resection for rectal endometriosis and rectal adenocarcinoma with low anastomosis (<7 cm from the anal verge [AV]) from September 2018 to January 2023 were included in the analysis.

Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Women and Men: A Single-Center Study.

Introduction: Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is common in patients with and without obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease (CAD). Risk factors for the development of CMD have not been fully elucidated, and data regarding sex-associated differences in traditional cardiovascular risk factors for obstructive CAD in patients with CMD are lacking.

Methods: In this single-center, prospective registry, we enrolled patients with nonobstructive CAD undergoing clinically indicated invasive assessment of coronary microvascular function between November 2019 and March 2023.

Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers in Radiology: A Systematic Review of Natural Language Processing Applications.

Introduction: Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), introduced in 2018, has revolutionized natural language processing. Its bidirectional understanding of word context has enabled innovative applications, notably in radiology. This study aimed to assess BERT's influence and applications within the radiologic domain.

Crohn's Disease-Associated Pathogenic Mutation in the Manganese Transporter ZIP8 Shifts the Ileal and Rectal Mucosal Microbiota Implicating Aberrant Bile Acid Metabolism.

Background: A pathogenic mutation in the manganese transporter ZIP8 (A391T; rs13107325) increases the risk of Crohn's disease. ZIP8 regulates manganese homeostasis and given the shared need for metals between the host and resident microbes, there has been significant interest in alterations of the microbiome in carriers of ZIP8 A391T. Prior studies have not examined the ileal microbiome despite associations between ileal disease and ZIP8 A391T.

Deep Learning and Gastric Cancer: Systematic Review of AI-Assisted Endoscopy.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC), a significant health burden worldwide, is typically diagnosed in the advanced stages due to its non-specific symptoms and complex morphological features. Deep learning (DL) has shown potential for improving and standardizing early GC detection. This systematic review aims to evaluate the current status of DL in pre-malignant, early-stage, and gastric neoplasia analysis.

Intraoperative three-dimensional navigation for surgical treatment of osteoid osteoma in the upper extremity: A series of 19 cases.

The surgical treatment for osteoid osteoma (OO) in the upper extremity is challenging due to the difficulty in locating the lesion and the crowding of sensitive structures within the anatomy. This study aimed to describe the outcomes of navigated minimally invasive radiofrequency ablation and those of navigated mini open-intralesional curettage in treating these lesions. Nineteen consecutive patients with OO in the upper limb who underwent navigated surgery were included.

Combination Treatment of Intratumoral Vidutolimod, Radiosurgery, Nivolumab, and Ipilimumab for Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma With Liver Metastases.

Introduction: Microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer (MSS mCRC) is largely refractory to immune checkpoint inhibition. We hypothesized that a combination of intratumoral TLR9 agonist, radiosurgery and dual PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade would induce a local focus of immune stimulation, evoking a systemic immune response.

Patients And Methods: In this phase I single-institution study, patients with MSS mCRC were treated with a priming dose of s.

Evaluation of a machine learning tool for the early identification of patients with undiagnosed psoriatic arthritis - A retrospective population-based study.

Background: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA), an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory skin and joint disease, affects approximately 0.27% of the adult population, and 20% of patients with psoriasis. Up to 10% of psoriasis patients are estimated for having undiagnosed PsA.

Methylphenidate use and restorative treatment needs in young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Objective: To assess the effect and dose-response of methylphenidate (MP) use on the restorative treatment needs in young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Participants And Methods: This retrospective study comprises a cohort of military recruits aged 18-25 who served for 12 to 48 months between 2005 and 2017. The medical records of 213 604 participants were assessed of which: 6875 participants with ADHD who received treatment with MP, 6729 participants with ADHD who had no prescriptions for MP, and 200 000 healthy participants.

The effect of subcutaneous fat and skin-to-lamina distance on complications and functional outcomes of minimally invasive lumbar decompression.

Purpose: Minimally invasive lumbar decompression (MIS) in obese pzatients is technically challenging due to the use of longer tube retractors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the thickness of the soft tissue and subcutaneous fat on complications, revisions, and patient-reported functional outcomes after MIS.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 148 consecutive patients who underwent minimally invasive lumbar decompression at our institute between 2013 and 2017 and had at least one year of follow-up.

Cesarean delivery on maternal request in Israel: Maternity department policies and obstetricians' perspectives.

Objective: This study aimed to describe Israeli maternity departments' policies regarding cesarean delivery on maternal request, and factors associated with obstetricians' support for cesarean delivery on maternal request in specific scenarios.

Methods: This multicenter cross-sectional study included 22 maternity department directors and 222 obstetricians from the majority of Israeli hospitals. Directors were interviewed and completed a questionnaire about their department's cesarean delivery on maternal request policy, and obstetricians responded to a survey presenting case scenarios in which women requested cesarean delivery on maternal request.

Diagnosing Oncocytoma by Core Needle Biopsy: A Single-Center Experience.

Background: Oncocytoma is one of the most common benign kidney tumors, accounting for 3-7% of all solid renal masses. Diagnosing oncocytomas using renal biopsy remains a controversy in the uro-pathologic community. With the increasing use of biopsies for assessment of renal lesions, reaching this pathologically benign diagnosis may prevent further surgical measures and have significant clinical benefit.

Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in Elderly is Safe and Effective.

Introduction: An increasing proportion of elderly patients (EP) are undergoing Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC). They have increased comorbidities and perioperative risk. Current literature is deficient in describing the outcomes of EP undergoing CRS/HIPEC.