Invasive or Non-invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation Modulation of Brain Function and Remodeling After Stroke: a Review.

Background: The main reason restricting stroke patients from reintegrating into society is neurological deficits. Of particular interest is the potential Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) potentially offers for sustaining improvement in neurological deficits. The goal of the present study is to provide a summary of the findings from research that has been carried out to elucidate the mechanisms and demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the clinical application of VNS, as well as to identify research gaps in the field, in order to offer references for subsequent further research and application.

An Artificial Intelligence-driven Revolution in Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine.

With the advancement of population aging, the incidence of orthopedic diseases increases annually. The early diagnosis and precise treatment of many orthopedic diseases still require advancements in technology to address effectively. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), this technology is expected to achieve early diagnosis and improved treatment of many diseases, providing revolutionary changes in clinical.

Construction and validation of a regulatory T cells-based classification of renal cell carcinoma: an integrated bioinformatic analysis and clinical cohort study.

Purpose: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), exhibiting remarkable heterogeneity, can be highly infiltrated by regulatory T cells (Tregs). However, the relationship between Treg and the heterogeneity of RCC remains to be explored.

Methods: We acquired single-cell RNA-seq profiles and 537 bulk RNA-seq profiles of TCGA-KIRC cohort.

Interleukin-37 promotes wound healing in diabetic mice by inhibiting the MAPK/NLRP3 pathway.

Aims/introduction: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a prevalent complication of diabetes characterized by heightened inflammation and impaired wound-healing processes. Interleukin-37 (IL-37) is a natural suppressor of innate inflammation. Here, we aim to investigate the potential of IL-37 in enhancing the healing process of diabetic wounds.

Decoding the regulatory role of ATP synthase inhibitory factor 1 (ATPIF1) in Wallerian degeneration and peripheral nerve regeneration.

ATP synthase inhibitory factor 1 (ATPIF1), a key modulator of ATP synthase complex activity, has been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes. While its role is established in conditions such as hypoxia, ischemia-reperfusion injury, apoptosis, and cancer, its involvement remains elusive in peripheral nerve regeneration. Leveraging ATPIF1 knockout transgenic mice, this study reveals that the absence of ATPIF1 impedes neural structural reconstruction, leading to delayed sensory and functional recovery.

Tendon Groove Technique: A Double-Bundle Footprint Technique for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Double-bundle (DB) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has biomechanical advantages over single-bundle reconstruction. However, most studies perform the DB reconstruction with 2 femoral tunnels, which fails to provide an entire femoral footprint for ACL reconstruction. In this study, we describe a femoral double-bundle footprint technique for ACL reconstruction, named the tendon groove technique.

The efficacy and safety of anlotinib plus PD-1 inhibitor in locally advanced/metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients who progressed on prior immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs): a retrospective real-world study (NCT 04984096).

Background: Several studies have shown that combining immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors is effective for solid tumors, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, most of these studies were focused on immunotherapy-naive patients. This retrospective real-world study offers insights into the efficacy and safety of combining anlotinib with ICIs in locally advanced/metastatic ESCC patients who progressed on prior ICI.

Mitigating Postoperative Fistula Risks in Laparoscopic Pancreatic Enucleation: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Pancreatic enucleation is a reliable surgical method for treating benign and borderline pancreatic tumors; however, the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is high, especially when the tumor is close to the main pancreatic duct. This study aimed to reduce the incidence of pancreatic fistula by preoperative placement of pancreatic stents and to summarize our center's experience with this procedure.

Methods: From June 2020 to July 2023, patients diagnosed with benign or borderline pancreatic tumors at Renji Hospital were included.

Baicalein tethers CD274/PD-L1 for autophagic degradation to boost antitumor immunity.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors, especially those targeting CD274/PD-L1yield powerful clinical therapeutic efficacy. Thoughmuch progress has been made in the development of antibody-basedCD274 drugs, chemical compounds applied for CD274degradation remain largely unavailable. Herein,baicalein, a monomer of traditional Chinese medicine, isscreened and validated to target CD274 and induces itsmacroautophagic/autophagic degradation.

Recentering the humeral head does not necessarily improve glenohumeral abduction: A cadaveric biomechanical study.

Purpose: To explore if recentering the humeral head could improve shoulder abduction in shoulders with irreparable massive rotator cuff tears (IMRCTs).

Methods: Nine fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were used to simulate the intact condition and IMRCTs as controls. Four 'recenter' interventions were then sequentially applied: subacromial interposition (SI) using 4- and 8-mm spacers and superior capsule reconstruction (SCR) using two- and four-layer fascia lata grafts.

Optimal timing and impact of allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in adult T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma: insights from a large cohort multi-center real-world study in Shanghai.

In this real-world study, 153 adult T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) patients from sixteen centers in Shanghai were enrolled. Out of them, 103 (67.3%) achieved complete remission (CR).

Comparing ADA and IDF diagnostic criteria for intermediate hyperglycaemia and diabetes in the SHiDS study.

Aims: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of IH and diabetes, as well as insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and related curve patterns in subjects with different glucose tolerance categories according to the diagnostic criteria established by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the more recently published International Diabetes Federation (IDF) guidelines.

Methods: We used data of 5,387 adult participants from the Shanghai High-risk Diabetic Screen (SHiDS) study. All participants underwent a five-point 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Substitution of liposomal bupivacaine for lidocaine reduces incidence of injection-emergent adverse events after intraarticular therapies for knee osteoarthritis: a prospective cohort study.

Abstract: Local anesthetics as a part of intraarticular therapies (IATs) are widely used for treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Whether substitution of liposomal bupivacaine (LB) for lidocaine is safe and effective in reducing incidence of injection-emergent adverse events after IATs remains unclear.

Methods: We recruited outpatients who had a clinical diagnosis of KOA and decided to receive IATs from November 2023 to April 2024.

Deep learning model for low-dose CT late iodine enhancement imaging and extracellular volume quantification.

Objectives: To develop and validate deep learning (DL)-models that denoise late iodine enhancement (LIE) images and enable accurate extracellular volume (ECV) quantification.

Methods: This study retrospectively included patients with chest discomfort who underwent CT myocardial perfusion + CT angiography + LIE from two hospitals. Two DL models, residual dense network (RDN) and conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN), were developed and validated.

A diagnostic signatures for intervertebral disc degeneration using TNFAIP6 and COL6A2 based on single-cell RNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq analyses.

Objectives: Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a prevalent degenerative condition associated with a high incidence rate of low back pain and disability. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers and signaling pathways associated with IVDD.

Methods: Biomarkers were discerned through bulk-RNA and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) investigations of IVDD cases from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database.

Comparative study of Claude 3.5-Sonnet and human physicians in generating discharge summaries for patients with renal insufficiency: assessment of efficiency, accuracy, and quality.

Background: The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has shown great potential in medical document generation. This study aims to evaluate the performance of Claude 3.5-Sonnet, an advanced AI model, in generating discharge summaries for patients with renal insufficiency, compared to human physicians.

Primary tumor resection with or without neck lymph node dissection as a viable initial therapy for medullary thyroid carcinoma with distant metastasis.

Objective: Patients with distant metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma (DMMTC) often undergo primary tumor resection (PTR) with or without neck lymph node dissection (NLND) before systemic therapy. However, whether these patients benefit from treatment remains unclear.

Methods: Patients with DMMTC were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2010 and 2020.

Associations of gestational exposure to organophosphate esters with thyroid hormones in cord plasma and the safety threshold of exposure in pregnant women.

Background: As a class of synthetic chemicals, organophosphate esters (OPEs) were shown to have thyroid hormones (THs) disrupting potentials in animal studies, while epidemiological evidence on gestational exposure to OPEs and thyroid disruption is limited. Besides, assessment on the safety threshold of OPEs exposure during gestation is especially scarce.

Methods: Based on the Shanghai Minhang Birth Cohort Study, we measured maternal urine concentration of 8 OPE metabolites and THs levels in cord plasma and examined their associations using multiple linear regression and quantile g-computation (QGC) models.

Association between time in tight range and incident diabetic retinopathy in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: Time spent in the glucose range of 70-180 mg/dL (TIR) has become entrenched as a key measure of glycaemic control, which was linked to diabetes-related outcomes in previous studies. However, there has been a recent debate about whether to instead emphasize time in the target range of 70-140 mg/dL (time in tight range, TITR). We aimed to assess the association between TITR and incident diabetic retinopathy in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Vascular volume changes in radiological patterns of usual interstitial pneumonia in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: This research primarily focuses on exploring the changes in intrapulmonary vascular volume (IPVV) in radiological patterns of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), thereby inferring the possible mechanisms of the co-occurrence of diabetes and UIP patterns.

Methods: Thin-layer data were post-processed on the basis of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and quantitatively assessed for IPVV. Changes in IPVV were compared between T2DM combined with UIP modality and T2DM non-UIP modality.

External validation of the ICU-CARB score to predict carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria carriage in critically ill patients upon ICU admission: a multicenter analysis.

Background: Recognition of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) carriage is frequently delayed, which increases the risk of subsequent infection and transmission. Previously, we developed a scoring system to identify CR-GNB carriage upon intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Although the ICU-CARB score showed satisfactory performance, it has not been externally validated.

Itemized point cost method in human resource cost accounting in medical service projects.

Background: The cost accounting of medical service projects forms the basis for disease cost accounting and DRG (Diagnosis-Related Groups) cost accounting. Among the various costs involved, human resources represent a significant portion and are highly complex, making their accurate accounting a critical and challenging aspect of cost accounting for medical service projects.

Methods: This paper introduces the itemized point cost (IPC) method, a novel cost accounting approach based on the RBRVS (Resource-Based Relative Value Scale) theory.

3D cryo-printed hierarchical porous scaffolds provide immobilization of surface-functionalized sleep-inspired small extracellular vesicles: synergistic therapeutic strategies for vascularized bone regeneration based on macrophage phenotype modulation and angiogenesis-osteogenesis coupling.

Bone defect healing is a multi-factorial process involving the inflammatory microenvironment, bone regeneration and the formation of blood vessels, and remains a great challenge in clinical practice. Combined use of three-dimensional (3D)-printed scaffolds and bioactive factors is an emerging strategy for the treatment of bone defects. Scaffolds can be printed using 3D cryogenic printing technology to create a microarchitecture similar to trabecular bone.