Remnant cholesterol and all-cause mortality risk: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003-2015.

Aims: Cholesterol carried in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, also called remnant cholesterol, is increasingly acknowledged as an important causal risk factor for atherosclerosis. Elevated remnant cholesterol, marked by elevated plasma triglycerides, is associated causally with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, the association with all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality is inconclusive.

Ultrasmall Nanoparticles Regulate Immune Microenvironment by Activating IL-33/ST2 to Alleviate Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common disease with high morbidity and mortality. Renal IRI can cause the disorder of immune microenvironment and reprograming the immune microenvironment to alleviate excessive inflammatory response is crucial for its treatment. Cytokine IL-33 can improve the immune inflammatory microenvironment by modulating both innate and adaptive immune cells, and serve as an important target for modulating immune microenvironment of renal IRI.

Citric acid-modified pH-sensitive bone-targeted delivery of estrogen for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Bone targeted delivery of estrogen offers great promise for the clinical application of estrogen in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). However, the current bone-targeted drug delivery system still has several issues that need to be solved, such as the side effects of bone-targeted modifier molecules and the failure of the delivery system to release rapidly in the bone tissue. It is important to aggressively search for new bone-targeted modifier molecules and bone microenvironment-responsive delivery vehicles.

Cataract-causing Y204X mutation of crystallin protein CRYβB1 promotes its C-terminal degradation and higher-order oligomerization.

Crystallin proteins are a class of main structural proteins of the vertebrate eye lens, and their solubility and stability directly determine transparency and refractive power of the lens. Mutation in genes that encode these crystallin proteins is the most common cause for congenital cataracts. Despite extensive studies, the pathogenic and molecular mechanisms that effect congenital cataracts remain unclear.

Photobiomodulation for Alzheimer's disease: photoelectric coupling effect on attenuating Aβ neurotoxicity.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia are the most worrying health problems faced by people globally today. Although the pathological features of AD consisting of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques in the extracellular space (ECS) and intracellular tau tangles are well established, the developed medicines targeting these two proteins have not obtained the expected clinical effects. Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the therapeutic use of red light (RL) or near-infrared light (NIR) to serve as a noninvasive neuroprotective strategy for brain diseases.

Physiological functions of podosomes: From structure and function to therapy implications in osteoclast biology of bone resorption.

With increasing age, bone tissue undergoes significant alterations in composition, architecture, and metabolic functions, probably causing senile osteoporosis. Osteoporosis possess the vast majority of bone disease and associates with a reduction in bone mass and increased fracture risk. Bone loss is on account of the disorder in osteoblast-induced bone formation and osteoclast-induced bone resorption.

Boosting Vascular Imaging-Performance and Systemic Biosafety of Ultra-Small NaGdF Nanoparticles via Surface Engineering with Rationally Designed Novel Hydrophilic Block Co-Polymer.

Revealing the anatomical structures, functions, and distribution of vasculature via contrast agent (CA) enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for precise medical diagnosis and therapy. The clinically used MRI CAs strongly rely on Gd-chelates, which exhibit low T relaxivities and high risks of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) for patients with renal dysfunction. It is extremely important to develop high-performance and safe CAs for MRI.

Formaldehyde-Crosslinked Nontoxic Aβ Monomers to Form Toxic Aβ Dimers and Aggregates: Pathogenicity and Therapeutic Perspectives.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of senile plaques in the brain. However, medicines targeting amyloid-beta (Aβ) have not achieved the expected clinical effects. This review focuses on the formation mechanism of the Aβ dimer (the basic unit of oligomers and fibrils) and its tremendous potential as a drug target.

Microglia polarization in heat-induced early neural injury.

Introduction: In the occurrence and development of heat stroke (HS), factors such as hyperthermia, ischemia and hypoxia are essential to the central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory response, but the main mechanism underlying CNS inflammation remains unclear. The aim of the study was to observe the polarization of microglia in response to heat-induced early nerve injury and to explore its possible mechanism of action.

Material And Methods: To establish a heatstroke animal model in Beagle dogs, 18 Beagle dogs were divided into control (group A) and experimental groups (group B, group C and group D) according to a random numbers table.

The CD39 HBV surface protein-targeted CAR-T and personalized tumor-reactive CD8 T cells exhibit potent anti-HCC activity.

CD39, expressed by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), is a marker to identify tumor-reactive T cells, which is frequently associated with stronger antitumor activity than bystander T cells in a variety of malignancies. Therefore, CD39 could be a promising marker for identifying the active antitumor immune cells used for cellular immunotherapy. To test this possibility, we constructed the hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface protein-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells (HBVs-CAR-T cells) and generated the personalized tumor-reactive CD8 T cells.

Maternal diabetes induces autism-like behavior by hyperglycemia-mediated persistent oxidative stress and suppression of superoxide dismutase 2.

Epidemiological studies show that maternal diabetes is associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), although the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. The present study aims to investigate the potential effect of maternal diabetes on autism-like behavior in offspring. The results of in vitro study showed that transient hyperglycemia induces persistent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation with suppressed superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression.