Trilaciclib prior to FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab for patients with untreated metastatic colorectal cancer: phase 3 PRESERVE 1 trial.

Background: In metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), improvements in survival from combining leucovorin/fluorouracil/oxaliplatin/irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) with bevacizumab have come at the risk of increased rates of high-grade toxicities. Trilaciclib is indicated to decrease the incidence of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in patients receiving standard-of-care chemotherapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.

Methods: Patients with untreated mCRC were randomly assigned 1:1 to trilaciclib (n = 164) or placebo (n = 162) prior to FOLFOXIRI/bevacizumab for up to 12 cycles (induction), followed by trilaciclib or placebo prior to fluorouracil/leucovorin/bevacizumab (maintenance).

Inspired by an ancient Chinese Medicine prescription: the modern significance and potential of Yiyi Fuzi Baijiang San in treating diseases.

Classic Formulas (Jing fang) are considered the essence and authority of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) due to their long history and proven efficacy. These formulas play a pivotal role in all kinds of different disease prevention and therapeutic strategies. Yiyi Fuzi Baijiang San (YYFZBJS), one of the Classic Formulas, was originally developed for the treatment of chronic intestinal abscess.

Clinical characteristics and risk factors of infection in initially treated patients with multiple myeloma during the induction period.

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematologic malignancy and immune dysfunction is a hallmark of the disease. It leads to an increased infection risk, which is still a major cause of mortality. The infection spectrum and characteristics have evolved with the introduction of novel agents.

METTL14 suppresses the expression of YAP1 and the stemness of triple-negative breast cancer.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has pronounced stemness that is associated with relapse. N-methyladenosine (mA) plays a crucial role in shaping cellular behavior by modulating transcript expression. However, the role of mA in TNBC stemness, as well as the mechanisms governing its abundance, has yet to be elucidated.

Multimodality Therapy and Survival Outcomes in Resectable Primary Small Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

Background: Currently, optimal treatment strategy for resectable primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus (PSmCCE) remains controversial. To address this, we conducted a multicenter study to evaluate treatment patterns and long-term survival of PSmCCE patients who underwent radical resection.

Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included resected PSmCCE patients who received radical resection at seven high-volume cancer centers.

Constructing Surrogate Lung Ventilation Maps From 4-Dimensional Computed Tomography-Derived Subregional Respiratory Dynamics.

Purpose: To present a 2-stage framework that robustly extracts and maps reliable lung ventilation surrogates based on subregional respiratory dynamics (SRDs) measured from 4-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) images, with comprehensive consideration of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the ventilation process over the respiratory cycle.

Methods And Materials: We retrospectively analyzed 3 subject cohorts from the Ventilation and Medical Pulmonary Image Registration Evaluation challenge containing 4DCT and reference ventilation imaging (RefVI) scans. Lung subregions were partitioned on the 4DCT end-of-exhale base phase using anatomically constrained simple linear iterative clustering, whereas sliding-preserved interphase image registrations were performed between the base and other phases.

Hexavalent chromium induced metabolic reprogramming, carcinogenesis and tumor progression through PDK1 upregulation.

Lung cancer is the leading factor of cancer-related death in the worldwide. Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a potential carcinogen for inducing lung cancers. To understand new mechanism of Cr(VI)-induced tumorigenesis and cancer development, we identified that PDK1 expression levels were greatly increased in chromium-transformed cells (Cr-T) compared to the parental BEAS-2B (B2B) cells by proteomic profiling and Western blotting; PDK1 levels were also induced in lung cancer cell lines and in lung samples of mice exposed to Cr(VI).

The efficacy and safety of the prophylactic application of PEG-rhG-CSF in radiotherapy with weekly concurrent chemotherapy for cervical cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) in preventing neutropenia during concurrent radiotherapy combined with weekly chemotherapy in patients with cervical cancer.

Methods: From September 2019 to November 2020, 180 patients with cervical cancer who required concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly divided into the following three groups at a ratio of 1:1:1: Group A (PEG-rhG-CSF), Group B (PEG-rhG-CSF + rhG-CSF) and the control group (rhG-CSF).

Toripalimab Plus Chemotherapy as a First-Line Therapy for Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Phase 3 EXTENTORCH Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) have poor prognoses and unmet medical needs.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of toripalimab plus etoposide and platinum-based chemotherapy (EP) vs placebo plus EP as a first-line treatment for patients with ES-SCLC.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 randomized clinical trial (EXTENTORCH study) enrolled patients from September 26, 2019, to May 20, 2021, and was conducted at 49 sites in China.

Neutrophil-centric analysis of gastric cancer: prognostic modeling and molecular insights.

Gastric cancer remains a significant global health concern with poor prognosis. This study investigates the role of neutrophils in gastric cancer progression and their potential as prognostic indicators. Using multi-omics approaches, including Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), machine learning, and single-cell analysis, we identified neutrophil-associated gene signatures and developed a robust prognostic model.

Discovery of Novel 5-Cyano-3-phenylindole-Based LSD1/HDAC Dual Inhibitors for Colorectal Cancer Treatment.

The dual inhibition of histone lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. In this study, we report the discovery of novel 5-cyano-3-phenylindole-based LSD1/HDAC dual inhibitors, evaluated through both in vitro and in vivo assays. Among these inhibitors, compound was identified as particularly potent, exhibiting high inhibitory activity against LSD1 (IC = 39.

Riboflavin kinase binds and activates inducible nitric oxide synthase to reprogram macrophage polarization.

Riboflavin kinase (RFK) is essential in riboflavin metabolism, converting riboflavin to flavin mononucleotide (FMN), which is further processed to flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). While RFK enhances macrophage phagocytosis of Listeria monocytogenes, its role in macrophage polarization is not well understood. Our study reveals that RFK deficiency impairs M(IFN-γ) and promotes M(IL-4) polarization, both in vitro and in vivo.

Case report: targeted therapy of malignant pleural mesothelioma with anaplastic lymphoma kinase receptor tyrosine kinase gene fusion mutation by crizotinib.

Malignant mesothelioma is a rare highly invasive tumour originating from the mesothelial cells of the pleura, peritoneum and pericardium. Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is the most common type in all malignant mesothelioma. The onset of MPM is associated with exposure to asbestos and it can have an incubation period of up to 40 years.

Relationship between adipocytes and hematological tumors in the bone marrow microenvironment: a literature review.

Background And Objective: The bone marrow microenvironment is closely related to normal hematopoiesis and hematologic tumors. Adipocytes are an important part of the bone marrow microenvironment, in which they can release free fatty acids (FFAs) through lipolysis and secrete adipocytokines, etc., and participate in normal hematopoiesis, which is closely related to the occurrence and treatment of hematological tumors.

Development of Serum Cell-Free miRNA Panel for Identification of Central Precocious Puberty and Premature Thelarche in Girls.

Precocious puberty of children, especially girls, has attracted more and more public attention in recent years. In clinic practice, there is a lack of both convenient and effective way to identify central precocious puberty (CPP) and premature thelarche (PT). In this study, we enrolled total 88 girls [28 cases of CPP, 37 cases of PT, as well as 23 cases of normal control (NC)] as a training cohort, and another 270 subjects (92 cases of CPP, 122 cases of PT and 56 cases of NC) as a validation cohort.

Advantages of the split-leg supine position single-port plus one laparoscopic surgery approach.

The goal of this study was to compare the advantages of conventional laparoscopic surgery (CLS) and the split-leg supine position single-port plus one laparoscopic surgery (SSP SILS + 1) in esophageal surgery. This study enrolled 73 patients who previously underwent radical esophagectomy for esophageal cancer from August 2021 to February 2023. Among them, 36 patients underwent SSP SILS + 1, whereas the remaining 37 patients underwentCLS.

Efficacy of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy in cancer patients with concurrent acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a retrospective propensity score study.

Acute respiratory failure is the leading cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admission of cancer patients. Studies of the efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy were rarely conducted in cancer populations. We here compared the clinical effects of HFNC therapy and conventional oxygen therapy (COT) in cancer patients with concurrent acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF).

Taohe Chengqi decoction improves diabetic cognitive dysfunction by alleviating neural stem cell senescence through HIF1α-driven metabolic signaling.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by numerous long-term complications, in which progressive cognitive decline represents a significant risk factor for dementia and other neurodegenerative disorders. Taohe Chengqi decoction (THCQ) is a common traditional Chinese formula for treating T2DM; however, the neuroprotective effect of THCQ on diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction remains unclear. Hence, the present study investigated the therapeutic effects of THCQ on cognitive impairment associated with T2DM and elucidated the underlying mechanisms.