Benefits, harms, and cost-effectiveness of risk model-based and risk factor-based low-dose computed tomography screening strategies for lung cancer: a systematic review.

Background: It has been proposed that risk model-based strategies could serve as viable alternatives to traditional risk factor-based approaches in lung cancer screening; however, there has been no systematic discussion. In this review, we provide an overview of the benefits, harms, and cost-effectiveness of these two strategies in lung cancer screening application, as well as discussing possible future research directions.

Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane libraries, and EMBASE from January 1994 to April 2024.

ALKBH5 promotes cardiac fibroblasts pyroptosis after myocardial infarction through Notch1/NLRP3 pathway.

Through bioinformatics screening, we previously found that AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) expression, an mA demethylase, was higher in patients with heart failure than in the normal population. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which ALKBH5 regulates heart failure. We established a myocardial infarction (MI)-induced heart failure model in rats in vivo and an in vitro hypoxia model using rat primary cardiac fibroblasts (RCFs).

Effect of an Endoscopy Screening on Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Mortality: A Community-based Multicenter Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background And Aims: Population-based observational studies suggest that endoscopic screening may reduce upper gastrointestinal cancer mortality. We aimed to quantify the effect of endoscopy screening.

Methods: This is a community-based, multicenter, cluster randomized clinical trial conducted in both high-risk and non-high-risk areas of China.

ASPH dysregulates cell death and induces chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is resistant to multiple conventional drugs including sorafenib, leading to poor prognosis. Inducing cell death has been inextricably pursued in therapeutics, although targeted therapy and immunotherapy have made very limited progress. ASPH (Aspartate β-hydroxylase) can be breakthrough in meeting this unmet clinical need.

Metabolic Syndrome Is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving Neoadjuvant Therapy.

Purpose: Few studies with a large sample size are available on patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) receiving neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) for breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate the impact of MetS on the prognosis of patients with breast cancer undergoing NAT.

Methods: The data of patients with breast cancer receiving NAT at our center from January 2017 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.

SNRNP70 regulates the splicing of CD55 to promote osteosarcoma progression.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor, characterized by a high propensity for metastasis. Recent studies have highlighted the role of alternative splicing in cancer metastasis, although the precise mechanisms underlying aberrant splicing in OS invasion and metastasis remain unclear. Here, we analyzed consistently differentially expressed genes and differentially alternative splicing events between primary and metastatic OS to identify potential genes associated with OS progression.

The Clinical Study of Intratumoral and Peritumoral Radiomics Based on DCE-MRI for HER-2 Positive and Low Expression Prediction in Breast Cancer.

Background: Core biopsy sampling may not fully capture tumor heterogeneity. Radiomics provides a non-invasive method to assess tumor characteristics, including both the core and surrounding tissue, with the potential to improve the accuracy of HER-2 status prediction.

Objective: To explore the clinical value of intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics features from dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) for preoperative prediction of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) expression status in breast cancer.

Au-incorporated metal-organic frameworks nanozymes for thioreduction and glutathione depletion-mediated efficient photoimmunotherapy.

Tumor therapy has historically been a global research focus, with phototherapy garnered significant attention as a innovative treatment modality. However, the antioxidant defense system in the tumor microenvironment, characterized by excessive glutathione (GSH) and thiol-containing proteins, often limits the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy. In this study, we report the development of a new multifunctional integrated nanozyme with thioredoxin reductase-oxidase (TrxRox) and GSH-oxidase (GSHox)-like activities.

Gadoxetic acid disodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA) contrast-enhanced abbreviated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in at-risk patients: a multi-center study in China.

Background: Given the limited capacity and suboptimal sensitivity of ultrasonography (US), gadoxetic acid disodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrates good diagnostic performance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Some researchers have proposed that the abbreviated MRI (AMRI) protocols have potential as a surveillance tool. However, few studies have compared multiple AMRI protocols with complete Gd-EOB-DTPA contrast-enhanced MRI for HCC surveillance.

Safety and efficacy of amulirafusp alfa (IMM0306), a fusion protein of CD20 monoclonal antibody with the CD47 binding domain of SIRPα, in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a phase 1/2 study.

Background: Amulirafusp alfa (IMM0306) is a fusion protein of CD47 binding domain of signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) with CD20 monoclonal antibody on both heavy chains. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of amulirafusp alfa in relapsed or refractory (r/r) B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL).

Methods: We enrolled patients with CD20 + r/r B-NHL who had previously received at least two lines of therapy to receive a single-dose of amulirafusp alfa in the first 2 weeks, followed by a multiple-dose period, in which the patients received the same intravenous dose every week in 4-week cycles.

Incentive affects physicians' willingness to continue participating in urban-rural medical consortia: a comparative study of county and provincial hospitals in Central China.

Objectives: The World Health Organization asserts that incentives significantly impact physicians' participation in healthcare initiatives. China introduced incentive programs to boost involvement in urban-rural medical consortia. However, research is limited on: (a) the effectiveness of these incentives on physicians' willingness to continue participating, (b) disparities in incentive levels between county and provincial hospitals, and (c) the varying impact of incentives on physicians' continued participation in county versus provincial hospitals.

Evaluation of gecacitinib vs hydroxyurea in patients with intermediate-2 or high-risk myelofibrosis: final analysis results from a randomized phase 3 study.

To compare the efficacy and safety of gecacitinib (also known as jaktinib) with hydroxyurea (HU) in treating myelofibrosis (MF) patients. In this multicenter, randomized phase 3 trial (ZGJAK016), intermediate- or high-risk primarily JAK inhibitor naïve MF patients were assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive either gecacitinib (100 mg twice a day, BID) or HU (500 mg BID). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with ≥35% reduction in spleen volume (SVR35) from baseline at week 24.

Discovery of the Novel HLA-DRB4*01:03:01:21 Allele by Third-Generation HLA-Targeted Sequencing Technology.

HLA-DRB4*01:03:01:21 differs from DRB4*01:03:01:11 by two nucleotide changes in intron 1 and intron 2.

No difference in prolapse recurrence rates between laparoscopic and robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy: a long-term comparison.

Objective: To compare the long-term efficacy of conventional laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy with those of robot-assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary referral center in China.

Global Distribution of Colorectal Cancer Staging at Diagnosis: An Evidence Synthesis.

Background And Aims: Stage at diagnosis is a key prognostic factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) survival. We aimed to assess the global distribution of CRC staging at diagnosis using population-based or hospital-based registry data.

Methods: We systematically searched in MEDLINE and Embase from their inception until 6 December 2023.

Fructose-1,6-diphosphate inhibits viral replication by promoting the lysosomal degradation of HMGB1 and blocking the binding of HMGB1 to the viral genome.

Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FBP), a key glycolytic metabolite, is recognized for its cytoprotective effects during stress. However, the role of FBP in viral infections is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that virus-infected cells exhibit elevated FBP levels.

Esketamine Provides Neuroprotection After Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice via the NTF3/PI3K/AKT Pathway.

Background: Esketamine (ESK), a noncompetitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, modulates neurotransmitter signaling in the central nervous system. However, the specific mechanisms and therapeutic potential of ESK for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether ESK promotes nerve repair and improves neurological outcomes in an experimental model of ICH.

The expression and clinical significance of serum exosomal-long non-coding RNA DLEU1 in patients with cervical cancer.

Background: Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) lymphocytic leukaemia deletion gene 1 (DLEU1) is abnormally overexpressed in many cancer types, including cervical cancer (CC). However, the potential clinical significance of DLEU1 in serum exosomes of patients with CC remains unclear.

Methods: The expression of serum exosomal DLEU1 was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

A real-world study: third-line treatment options for metastatic colorectal cancer.

Background: Numerous third-line treatment options exist for colorectal cancer. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of third-line therapies, including TKIs (fruquintinib, regorafenib) combined with PD-1 inhibitors, and trifluridine/tipiracil combined with bevacizumab, in patients with refractory microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer who have progressed or are intolerant following standard first- and second-line treatments.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective analysis collected data from patients with microsatellite stable advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma, diagnosed through histopathology and treated at Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital from May 2019 to April 2023.

Idarubicin-loaded degradable hydrogel for TACE therapy enhances anti-tumor immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common and deadly cancer, often diagnosed at advanced stages, limiting surgical options. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a primary treatment for inoperable and involves the use of drug-eluting microspheres to slowly release chemotherapy drugs. However, patient responses to TACE vary, with some experiencing tumor progression and recurrence.

Addition of SHR-1701 to first-line capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX) plus bevacizumab for unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer.

This phase 2/3 trial (NCT04856787) assessed the efficacy and safety of SHR-1701, a bifunctional protein targeting PD-L1 and TGF-β, in combination with BP102 (a bevacizumab biosimilar) and XELOX (capecitabine plus oxaliplatin) as a first-line treatment for unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). In this phase 2 study, a total of 62 patients with untreated, histologically confirmed colorectal adenocarcinoma and no prior systemic therapy for metastatic disease were enrolled. Patients received SHR-1701 (30 mg/kg), bevacizumab (7.

Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of 40 Patients with Non-Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain 9-Related Disease (MYH9-RD) Misdiagnosed as ITP: A Retrospective Analysis in China.

Background: Myosin Heavy Chain 9-related diseases (MYH9-RD) are rare autosomal dominant platelet disorders characterised by macrothrombocytopaenia and leukocyte inclusion bodies. They can manifest with non-haematological complications, including deafness, nephropathy, or cataracts. Due to its rarity and its similar clinical presentation with immune thrombocytopaenia (ITP), MYH9-RD is often misdiagnosed as ITP, leading to inappropriate treatment and delayed management of complications.

How different body compositions affect the prognosis of HCC undergoing immunotherapy: the paradoxical phenomenon of BMI.

Purpose: Body mass index (BMI) is associated with the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving immunotherapy. Body compositions are considered to account for this association, but this hypothesis has yet to be verified conclusively.

Material And Methods: Our study included 305 patients received immunotherapy at 3 centers between August 2018 and February 2022.