Esomeprazole for the Treatment of GERD in Infants Ages 1-11 Months.

Objectives: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is present in pediatric patients when reflux of gastric contents causes troublesome symptoms and/ or complications. The present study evaluates the efficacy and safety of esomeprazole in infants ages 1 to 11 months with GERD.

Methods: In this multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, treatment-withdrawal study, infants received open-label, weight-adjusted doses of esomeprazole (2.

Esomeprazole for the Treatment of GERD in Infants Ages 1-11 Months.

Objectives: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is present in pediatric patients when reflux of gastric contents causes troublesome symptoms and/ or complications. The present study evaluates the efficacy and safety of esomeprazole in infants ages 1 to 11 months with GERD.

Methods: In this multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, treatment-withdrawal study, infants received open-label, weight-adjusted doses of esomeprazole (2.

Fetal tachycardia treated successfully with maternally administered propylthiouracil.

Background. Fetal tachycardia may result from the transplacental passage of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins in a patient with hypothyroidism secondary to ablation of Graves' disease. Case.

Ontogeny of endothelin receptors in the brain, heart, and kidneys of neonatal rats.

Background: Endothelin (ET) plays an important role in many physiological functions. It has been demonstrated that endogenous ET-1 concentration in the central nervous system (CNS) changes with age; however the ontogeny of ETA and ETB receptors in the brain, heart, and kidneys during postnatal development has not been studied.

Methods: Brains, hearts and kidneys of rats at postnatal days 1, 7, 14 and 28 were evaluated for the expression of ETA and ETB receptors via Western blot.

Speaking up: teens voice their health information needs.

School nurses provide an important role in the continuity of health care especially for adolescents who are at high risk for significant health concerns. The purpose of this study was to assess adolescents' health information needs and identify their preferences for accessing health information. Using an inductive qualitative research design, 11 focus groups were conducted with a convenience sample of 101 junior high and high school students in suburban northeastern Illinois.

An exploratory study of HIV+ adolescents' spirituality: will you pray with me?

The aims of the study were (1) to determine whether adolescents find it acceptable to have physicians explore their spiritual beliefs as part of their medical care, (2) to characterize the role of spirituality and religious beliefs in adolescents with and without HIV, and (3) to examine associations between spirituality/religion and quality of life. Adolescents receiving their medical care at an urban Adolescent Health Clinic completed a study-specific questionnaire about spiritual inquiry by their physician, the Brief Multidimensional Measurement of Religiousness/Spirituality, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0.

Ghrelin levels in cord blood from concordant and discordant twin pairs: association with birth weight and postnatal catch-up growth.

Objective: To determine whether cord blood ghrelin levels in discordant and concordant twins predict postnatal catch-up growth.

Methods: After obtaining parental consent, cord blood samples were collected at delivery for total ghrelin analysis. Infant weight, length and head circumference were obtained at birth, 2, 4, and 6 months of age.

Surgical management of adult onset age-related distance esotropia.

Purpose: To study the effects of bilateral medial rectus recession for the management of adult onset age-related distance esotropia.

Methods: Ten patients with adult onset age-related distance esotropia measuring 14 prism diopters or greater underwent bilateral medial rectus recession to eliminate the need for prism glasses.

Results: In all but one case, the diplopia completely resolved postoperatively, with a median residual deviation of 1 prism diopter esophoria for distance and 2 prism diopters exophoria at near.

Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in adolescents: is there a difference in different racial and ethnic groups?

The study aims to determine if differences exist among racial/ethnic groups in the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in adolescents. A cross-sectional questionnaire was administered to a sample of students in four racially and ethnically diverse high schools in suburban Chicago. A total of 2561 questionnaires were analyzed: 33% Hispanics, 30% Caucasians, 22% African Americans, 15% Asians, 54% female, mean age 15.

Diversity in healthcare: time to get REAL!

Cross-cultural healthcare involves three key issues: racial and ethnic disparities in the quality of healthcare provided to minority patients; cross-cultural value differences between immigrant patients and Western medical providers; and providing language access and assistance to limited English proficient (LEP) and disabled persons. Addressing these key issues represents a compelling diversity agenda for a new generation of healthcare executives. This article describes each of these challenges and the cutting-edge strategies that leading healthcare organizations are using to address them.

The role of organic osmolytes in the response of cultured astrocytes to hyperosmolarity.

Idiogenic osmoles are volume-regulatory organic solutes that accumulate within a cell in response to hyperosmolar conditions such as those found in diabetic ketoacidosis or hypernatremic dehydration in infants. Intracellular metabolites known to play this role include certain amino acids and taurine, polyols, and trimethylamines. In this study, in vitro astrocyte cultures prepared from the cerebral cortices of 1-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to graded conditions of hypernatremia (325-375 mOsm/kg), a range that can be observed in vivo, for 24, 48, and 72 hours.

Malignant pertussis in the pediatric intensive care unit.

Infantile malignant pertussis is characterized by severe respiratory failure, pulmonary hypertension, leukocytosis, and death. Bordetella pertussis is a vaccine-preventable disease that is becoming a much more globally prevalent condition contributing to more and more infant deaths each year. This article examines 2 such cases and the hospital's internal and community-based programs initiated to help protect these vulnerable infants.

Use of 5-aminolevulinic acid for visualization and resection of a benign pediatric brain tumor.

5-Aminolevulinic acid has been used successfully to facilitate resection of adult malignant gliomas. The authors report their experience in the treatment of a 9-year-old girl who underwent fluorescence-guided resection of a right temporal lobe pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma using 5-aminolevulinic acid. Intraoperatively, the residual tumor fluoresced, allowing for better visualization.

Airborne concentrations of volatile organic compounds in neonatal incubators.

Objective: To identify and quantify airborne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) inside neonatal incubators during various modes of operation within the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment.

Study Design: Air samples were taken from 10 unoccupied incubators in four operational settings along with ambient air samples using air sampling canisters. The samples were analyzed following EPA TO-15 using a Tekmar AutoCan interfaced to Agilent 6890 Gas Chromatograph with a 5973 Mass Spectrometer calibrated for 60 EPA TO-15 method target compounds.

Prevalence and associated features of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in a Caucasian-predominant adolescent school population.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of esophageal symptoms and associated symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in 14-18 year-old high school students and the percentage of symptomatic adolescents who saw a physician or received medications.

Design And Setting: A cross-sectional questionnaire administered to students at two high schools.

Participants: 1,286 completed questionnaires were analyzed.

Myocardial protection by erythropoietin during resuscitation from ventricular fibrillation.

Human recombinant erythropoietin (rhEPO) can protect the myocardium during ischemia and reperfusion. We investigated whether rhEPO could ameliorate previously identified functional myocardial abnormalities that develop during resuscitation from cardiac arrest, using a rat model of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and closed-chest resuscitation. VF was electrically induced and maintained, untreated, for 10 minutes.

Outcomes of early nutrition support in extremely low-birth-weight infants.

Background: Early nutrition intervention, both parenteral and enteral, is becoming a standard of care for the extremely low-birth-weight infant (ELBW; <1,000 g) in many neonatal intensive care units (NICU) across the United States. However, there are no published or widely accepted guidelines regarding nutrition support strategies for this population. Most NICU clinicians have developed their own guidelines, so nutrition practices vary widely.

Age-related distance esotropia.

Purpose: To describe a form of acquired esotropia occurring in older adults, which here is termed age-related distance esotropia.

Methods: A retrospective consecutive case series of 26 patients with this condition was reviewed.

Results: The patients ranged in age from 62 to 91 years old with a median age of 77 years.

Involvement of central endothelin receptors in neonatal morphine withdrawal.

The involvement of central endothelin (ET) receptors in neonatal morphine tolerance has been demonstrated. The present study investigates the role of central ET receptors in morphine withdrawal in neonatal rats. The aim was to determine whether activation of G-proteins coupled to opioid and ET receptors by morphine and various ET receptor modulators is affected during morphine withdrawal in neonatal rats.

Establishing a standard for pediatric inpatient diabetes education.

Education is a critical component of diabetes treatment and is crucial to achieve self-management outcomes in the pediatric patient. The education plan for new onset diabetes in a hospital setting must be goal oriented, consistent, and structured. Balancing the education needs, psychosocial response to diagnosis, family social support, and developmental needs of the child is often difficult considering hospital resource utilization and shortened length of stay (Leyden, Caravalho, & Saylor, 2000).

Energy expenditure in children with severe head injury: lack of agreement between measured and estimated energy expenditure.

Background: The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses that estimates of resting energy expenditure (REE) vary significantly from measured energy expenditure in a population of head-injured children and are not accurate for use in determining nutrition needs in this population.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of 30 children with severe head injury, with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of <8 and needing mechanical ventilation. Measured REE was obtained using indirect calorimetry.

Role of endothelin (ETA) receptors in neonatal morphine withdrawal.

We have previously demonstrated role of central endothelin (ET) receptors in neonatal morphine tolerance. The present study was conducted to investigate involvement of central ET receptors in neonatal rat morphine withdrawal. The aim was to determine activation of G-proteins coupled to opioid and ET receptors by morphine and ET ligands in neonatal rat brains during morphine withdrawal.

Role of endothelin in neonatal morphine tolerance.

Management of neonatal opioid tolerance and withdrawal symptoms remains a major challenge in neonatal intensive care units. We provide evidence that central endothelin (ET) mechanisms are involved in the development of morphine tolerance in neonatal rats. Pregnant rats were rendered tolerant to morphine and rat pups were delivered by cesarean section.