Inhibition of glycolysis and Src/Akt signaling reduces Caveolin-1-enhanced metastasis.

Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, making the development of novel, more effective therapies imperative to alleviate patient suffering. Metabolic switching is a hallmark of cancer cells that facilitates metastasis. Cancer cells obtain most of their energy and intermediate metabolites, which are required to proliferate and metastasize, through aerobic glycolysis.

Genetic determinants of serum bilirubin using inferred native American gene variants in Chilean adolescents.

Gene variants in the gene are strongly associated with circulating bilirubin levels in several populations, as well as other variants of modest effect across the genome. However, the effects of such variants are unknown regarding the Native American ancestry of the admixed Latino population. Our objective was to assess the Native American genetic determinants of serum bilirubin in Chilean admixed adolescents using the local ancestry deconvolution approach.

PKD2 regulates autophagy and forms a protein complex with BECN1 at the primary cilium of hypothalamic neuronal cells.

The primary cilium, hereafter cilium, is an antenna-like organelle that modulates intracellular responses, including autophagy, a lysosomal degradation process essential for cell homeostasis. Dysfunction of the cilium is associated with impairment of autophagy and diseases known as "ciliopathies". The discovery of autophagy-related proteins at the base of the cilium suggests its potential role in coordinating autophagy initiation in response to physiopathological stimuli.

Tau- and α-synuclein-targeted gold nanoparticles: applications, opportunities, and future outlooks in the diagnosis and therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.

The use of nanomaterials in medicine offers multiple opportunities to address neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. These diseases are a significant burden for society and the health system, affecting millions of people worldwide without sensitive and selective diagnostic methodologies or effective treatments to stop their progression. In this sense, the use of gold nanoparticles is a promising tool due to their unique properties at the nanometric level.

Exploring paediatric oral suspension development: Challenges, requirements, and formulation advancements.

Oral suspension is the most preferred dosage form for the paediatric population because of the difficulties related to solid medications, such as the swallowing limitations, bitter taste, and poor oral bioavailability, which can cause serious impairment to attain a successful treatment. Given the importance of successful therapies, there is a need for safe and effective commercially-available paediatric oral suspension and their characterization. For the latter, it is important to identify safe excipients and preservatives.

Assessing the Occurrence and Influence of Cancer Chemotherapy-Related Pharmacogenetic Alleles in the Chilean Population.

Background: Pharmacogenomic knowledge as a biomarker for cancer care has transformed clinical practice, however, as current guidelines are primarily derived from Eurocentric populations, this limits their application in Latin America, particularly among Hispanic or Latino groups. Despite advancements, systemic chemotherapy still poses challenges in drug toxicity and suboptimal response. This study explores pharmacogenetic markers related to anticancer drugs in a Chilean cohort, filling a gap in Latin American research.

Calcitriol Treatment Decreases Cell Migration, Viability and β-Catenin Signaling in Oral Dysplasia.

Nearly 90% of oral cancers are characterized as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), representing the sixth most common type of cancer. OSCC usually evolves from oral potentially malignant disorders that, in some cases, are histologically consistent with a oral dysplasia. The levels of 1α,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3; calcitriol), the active form of vitamin D3, have been shown to be decreased in patients with oral dysplasia and OSCC.

Controlled Release of the Anticancer Drug Cyclophosphamide from a Superparamagnetic β-Cyclodextrin Nanosponge by Local Hyperthermia Generated by an Alternating Magnetic Field.

A β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) nanosponge (NS) was synthesized using diphenyl carbonate (DPC) as a cross-linker to encapsulate the antitumor drug cyclophosphamide (CYC), thus obtaining the NSs-CYC system. The formulation was then associated with magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) to develop the MNPs-NSs-CYC ternary system. The formulations mentioned above were characterized to confirm the deposition of the MNPs onto the organic matrix and that the superparamagnetic nature of the MNPs was preserved upon association.

Co-Culture of . and . Synergistically Elevates IL-6 Expression via TLR4 Signaling in Oral Keratinocytes.

Periodontitis, characterized by persistent inflammation in the periodontium, is intricately connected to systemic diseases, including oral cancer. Bacteria, such as and , play a pivotal role in periodontitis development because they contribute to dysbiosis and tissue destruction. Thus, comprehending the interplay between these bacteria and their impacts on inflammation holds significant relevance in clinical understanding and treatment advancement.

Proteus mirabilis biofilm expansion microscopy yields over 4-fold magnification for super-resolution of biofilm structure and subcellular DNA organization.

Bacterial biofilms form when bacteria attach to surfaces and generate an extracellular matrix that embeds and stabilizes a growing community. Detailed visualization and quantitative analysis of biofilm architecture by optical microscopy are limited by the law of diffraction. Expansion Microscopy (ExM) is a novel Super-Resolution technique where specimens are physically enlarged by a factor of ∼4, prior to observation by conventional fluorescence microscopy.

Folate induces stemness and increases oxygen consumption under glucose deprivation by notch-1 pathway activation in colorectal cancer cell.

Evidence for folate's protective effects on neural tube defects led the USA and Chile to start mandatory folic acid (FA) fortification programs, decreasing up to 50%. However, ∼30% of the population consuming fortified foods reach supraphysiologic serum levels. Although controversial, several epidemiological and clinical observations suggest that folate increases cancer risk, giving concern about the risks of FA supplementation.

A new oxime synthesized from SCh. Bip (chachacoma) reduces calcium influx in the vascular contractile response in rat aorta.

Sch. Bip is an endemic plant commonly employed in the Andes culture to counteract the effects of mountain sickness, and its bioactive molecules could provide new drugs for treating hypertension. The purpose was to determine whether the vascular response of the plant bioactive molecules, such as (5-acetyl-6-hydroxy-2-isopropenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofurane; Sn-I), could be improved by a simple structural modification to synthesize oximes (Ox-Sn-I).

Volatilomic signatures of different strains of Helicobacter pylori.

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most extensively studied risk factor for gastric cancer. As with any bacteria, H.

Knockdown of Antisense Noncoding Mitochondrial RNA Reduces Tumorigenicity of Patient-Derived Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma Cells in an Orthotopic Xenograft Mouse Model.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prevalent form of renal cancer and its treatment is hindered by a resistance to targeted therapies, immunotherapies and combinations of both. We have reported that the knockdown of the antisense noncoding mitochondrial RNAs (ASncmtRNAs) with chemically modified antisense oligonucleotides induces proliferative arrest and apoptotic death in tumor cells from many human and mouse cancer types. These studies have been mostly performed in vitro and in vivo on commercially available cancer cell lines and have shown that in mouse models tumor growth is stunted by the treatment.

DIAPH1-MFN2 interaction decreases the endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial distance and promotes cardiac injury following myocardial ischemia.

Contact between organelles such as the mitochondria (Mito) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial to coordinate vital cellular homeostatic processes. Here we discuss recent work showing that Mito-ER proximity is regulated by heterotypic complexes between the F-actin polymerizing protein Diaphanous-1) and the mitochondrial dynamics protein Mitofusin 2, which confers increased susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Correction: Vicencio et al. Transcriptional Signatures and Network-Based Approaches Identified Master Regulators Transcription Factors Involved in Experimental Periodontitis Pathogenesis. 2023, , 14835.

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Inhibition of NOX2 or NLRP3 inflammasome prevents cardiac remote ischemic preconditioning.

Short episodes of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in the heart (classical ischemic preconditioning, IPC) or in a limb (remote ischemic preconditioning, RIPC) before a prolonged ischemic episode, reduce the size of the infarct. It is unknown whether IPC and RIPC share common mechanisms of protection. Animals KO for NOX2, a superoxide-producing enzyme, or KO for NLRP3, a protein component of inflammasome, are not protected by IPC.

NAD in pathological cardiac remodeling: Metabolic regulation and beyond.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) coenzymes are carriers of high energy electrons in metabolism and also play critical roles in numerous signaling pathways. NAD metabolism is decreased in various cardiovascular diseases. Importantly, stimulation of NAD biosynthesis protects against heart disease under different pathological conditions.

Novel Strategies to Improve the Cardioprotective Effects of Cardioplegia.

The use of cardioprotective strategies as adjuvants of cardioplegic solutions has become an ideal alternative for the improvement of post-surgery heart recovery. The choice of the optimal cardioplegia, as well as its distribution mechanism, remains controversial in the field of cardiovascular surgery. There is still a need to search for new and better cardioprotective methods during cardioplegic procedures.

Cyclooxygenase-2 Blockade Is Crucial to Restore Natural Killer Cell Activity before Anti-CTLA-4 Therapy against High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer.

Chronic inflammation influences the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Specifically, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression promotes cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) expression. Notably, elevated COX-2 levels in the TIME have been associated with reduced response to anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy.

Lactadherin immunoblockade in small extracellular vesicles inhibits sEV-mediated increase of pro-metastatic capacities.

Background: Tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) can promote tumorigenic and metastatic capacities in less aggressive recipient cells mainly through the biomolecules in their cargo. However, despite recent advances, the specific molecules orchestrating these changes are not completely defined. Lactadherin is a secreted glycoprotein typically found in the milk fat globule membrane.